This document provides a summary of a lecture on linguocultural and pragmatic characteristics of phraseological units. It discusses key topics like the language picture of the world, nationally specific phraseology, proverbs and sayings, difficulties in translation, and the role of phraseology in developing communication competences. Specific examples of idioms, proverbs, and linguocultural phenomena from different languages are analyzed in detail. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding the cultural aspects of language to facilitate intercultural communication.
Ferdinand De Saussure's Contribution on LinguisticMital Raval
Here I am sharing my presentation of paper no -7 Literary theory and criticism western- 2. It is part of my academic activity. It is summited to Dr. Dilip Barad Department of English MKBU.
Ferdinand De Saussure's Contribution on LinguisticMital Raval
Here I am sharing my presentation of paper no -7 Literary theory and criticism western- 2. It is part of my academic activity. It is summited to Dr. Dilip Barad Department of English MKBU.
As a social phenomena, language carries a lot of social-cultural factors. It is impossible for languages to exist and develop in social vacuum. Proverbs, as a form reflecting language, are greatly connected with culture. They deliver all sorts of information and cultural knowledge. In addition, vocabulary is the most sensitive, active and basic component of language. Therefore, the influence of culture on language is also embedded in vocabulary. Animal words or cultural-loaded animal words are a category of words rich in cultural connotations. Human beings living in the same world have different cultural backgrounds, which leads to different cultural connotations of animal words. This paper will make a comparative analysis of the cultural connotations behind animal words between English and Chinese proverbs. Thus similarities and differences are explored. And then it makes a further study on the reasons behind differences of cultural connotations. Meanwhile some feasible suggestions on cross-cultural communication will be put forward.
As a social phenomena, language carries a lot of social-cultural factors. It is impossible for languages to exist and develop in social vacuum. Proverbs, as a form reflecting language, are greatly connected with culture. They deliver all sorts of information and cultural knowledge. In addition, vocabulary is the most sensitive, active and basic component of language. Therefore, the influence of culture on language is also embedded in vocabulary. Animal words or cultural-loaded animal words are a category of words rich in cultural connotations. Human beings living in the same world have different cultural backgrounds, which leads to different cultural connotations of animal words. This paper will make a comparative analysis of the cultural connotations behind animal words between English and Chinese proverbs. Thus similarities and differences are explored. And then it makes a further study on the reasons behind differences of cultural connotations. Meanwhile some feasible suggestions on cross-cultural communication will be put forward.
Materi Bahasa Inggris Kelas 7- Fase D
Gambaran Umum Teks Tertulis Fungsional Berbentuk Descriptive
There are five types of descriptive text namely, describing process, describing
an event, describing personality, describing object and describing place.
1. Describing Process
Describing a process is not only to explain how something is accomplished, but
also to explain on why it is done and what is needed to complete the process.
How to be Happy?
First, when you wake up hit the snooze button once (just once only). When the
alarm sounds a second time get right up and do some light exercise for 15-20 minutes to wake
yourself up. Next, perform your daily beautiful routine and then take five extra minutes
picking out your clothes.Trysomethingnewwhenit comestoclothes,hairandmake-up.Then,eata
lightbreakfastwithplentyofprotein.
Next, if you can, walk to work, school or wherever you are heading and say
hello to random people on your way.Next, when you arrive at your destination have a
short conversation with a friend or better yet chat up someone new and make a new
friend.Then, during lunch grab a piece offruit and a bottle of water and take a short walk.When you
getbacklookinamirrorandthankyourselfformakingahealthydecision.
Next, when you get home from work immediately put in a good, solid 45
minute workoutthen take a nice relaxing bath orshower. Then, cook a nice dinner and enjoy
with a drink, some candlelight and some quietjazz music (this can be done with or without a
partner).Nextdinnermakeacupofteaandcalltochatwithafriendforabit.
The last, before bed be sure to stretch for about ten minutes to relax your body
and mind,thencrawlintobed,readachapterofabook,thenshutoffthelightsandnodofftosleep.
2. Describing an event
4
To describe an event, a writer should be able to memorize and remember what
happened in that event. As the example, people is going to write about inspection of
Virus at vegetable., she/he has to explain all details related to the event, so that the
readers can imagine the real situation and condition perfectly.
3. Describing a personality
The first thing that we must do in describing a person is recognizing the
individual characteristics. We need to describe people occurs fairly areas of physical
attribute (hair, eyes, skin), emotional (warm, nervous,), attributes (greedy, honest,
humble, trust) and intellectual.
PROF. DR. M. SARDJITO, M.D., M.P.H.
Prof. Dr. M. Sardjito was born on August 13, 1889 in Magetan, East Java. He is
indonesian. He is a Doctor and also the founding father of Gadjah Mada University. He
ever works in Jakarta Laboratory center. He is a great doctor who spends his time
mostly in laboratory. He does research about influenza, dysentery bacillary and
leprosy.
Dr. M. Sardjito help patients sincerely, he is so smart, trust, wise and respect
people. He lives to help everyone who needs him. Dr. M. Sardjito is a humble, patient
and gentle person. He has a simple personality, he likes to help everyone, no matt
Sample Personal Narrative Essay. Free sample personal narrative essay - Custo...Gina Sage
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134 Languages in Contact each other as Aboriginal Australi.docxherminaprocter
134 Languages in Contact
each other as Aboriginal Australia, China, Greece, Chile, Indonesia, and
Russia). Boroditsky illuminates the marvelously diverse ways that lan
guages and cultures shape the way we think.
In his article "Death by Monoculture," linguistic anthropologist Stephen
Pax Leonard bemoans the loss of the Polar Eskimos' language and culture, tying
it in part to global warming and, perhaps just as frustrating, a seeming lack of
concern from the very pcpulace whose culture is waning. The Polar Eskimos'
connection to the larger world via other languages, as well as through the Inter
net, is understandable, and it mirrors the desires of many people worldwide who
arc eager to start lives in new places or bring new places into their own lives.
Noc knowing the "right" language presents more than a metaphorical
barrier as James Angelos's article "Passing the Test" demonstrates. Is a re
quired proficiency in a country's official language a helpful step toward" inte
gration," or is it a passive-aggressive deterrent to undesirable immigration?
With well over 1,000 languages spoken in India, multilingualism is the
norm, yet Reshma Krishnamurthy Sharma's article "The New Language
Landscape" reflects both an anxiety to be part of a global economy and a
logistical difficulty of maintaining regional languages in the face of India's
increasing inter-regional marriages. The answer: The new generation is
learning English-the language of rhe former colonizers-exclusively. In
"Operation Mind Your Language," Pallavi Polanki sheds light on the
demand for English reachers in Afghanistan as a result of the American
presence. Indeed, the expansion of English as a global lingua franca has
become a worldwide activity-for both those who want co learn and those
who want to teach; but not without the justifiable ambivalence that Julie
Traves captures in "The Church of Please and Thank You."
As this book goes to print, there aie 6,909 livinglanguages in the world.
1his number, however, is in decline: On average, one language dies every
two weeks. At this rate, according to an article in National Geographic,
"more than half of the world's roughly 7,000 languages will vanish by the
end of rhis century alone."
Access to languages-and the wonder of human cultures rhat shape
and are shaped by chem-is increasingly available, even as that access spells,
for some languages, their imminent extinction. Global languages such as
English, and also Chinese, Russian, Spanish, and Hindi, seem to hold
greater promise than a speaker's heritage language-the mother tongue, at
lease in the present, when economic need can make cultural heritage seem
like a luxury. Resolving this conundrum that pits long-term heritage
Boroditsky "How Does Our Language Shape the Way We Think?" 135
against economic exigency becomes an ethical and cultural dilemma that
we as a global community must work out together.
Works Cited
Basu, Paroma. "What Hap.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Lexicology Lecture 14 Linguocultural features of PhUs.ppt
1. MODERN ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY
Lecture 14:
Linguocultural and pragmatic characteristics
of phraseological units
Lecturer : Tukhtakhodjaeva Z.T.
PhD, Associate Professor
1
2. TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
1.The notion of the language picture of the
world
2. Nationally specific peculiarities of
phraseology
3. Proverbs and sayings reflecting the
phraseological world picture
4. Difficulties in translation of phraseological
units
5. Role of phraseology in developing linguistic
and intercultural communication competences
2
3. THE LANGUAGE PICTURE OF THE WORLD
• The language picture of the world is the reflection of the
national worldview in the language;
• A world view (or worldview or world outlook) is the
fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society
encompassing the entirety of the individual or society's
knowledge of the world;
• Some linguists suggest five subcategories of the world view:
world-perceiving, world-conceiving, cultural mindset,
personal world and perspective;
• World view refers to the framework of ideas and beliefs
forming a global description through which an individual,
group or culture watches and interprets the world and
interacts with it.
3
4. WHAT IS LIGUOCULTUROLOGY
• One of the interpretations of the language is
that it is a product of culture, its main
component and the condition of existence;
• This approach brought to emerging of a new
interdisciplinary study –Linguoculturology,
which was formed at the turn of two
independent sciences: Linguistics and
Culturology in the last decades of the XX
century.
4
5. SOME DEFINITIONS OF LINGUOCULTUROLOGY
• V.N. Teliya defines it as ”a study aiming to investigate and
describe the correlation of the language and culture in the
scope of modern culturally national self-consciousness”
[Телия, 1999: 16];
• V.V. Vorobiev defines it as “an integrated scientific discipline
studying correlation and interaction of the culture and the
language in their functioning and reflecting this process as an
integral structure of the units in both linguistic and extra
linguistic contents” [Воробьев, 2006:37];
• V.V. Krasnikh considers Linguoculturology to be “a discipline
studying demonstration, reflection and fixation of the culture
in the language and discourse” [Красных, 2002:27].
5
6. LINGUOCULTUREME
• The term “linguocultureme” was introduced into
Linguistics by V.V. Vorobiev [Воробьев, 2006, 45-50];
• A linguocultureme is a complex, interlevel language
unit which represents a unity of both linguistic (sign,
meaning) and extralinguistic (notion, object)
contents, where ‘extralinguistic’ includes nationally
specific components of meaning;
• It reflects the correlation between the form of a
verbal sign, its semantic content and cultural sense
[Ashurova, 2012:122].
• Example: to set the Thames on fire – зажечь воду в Темзе/ выдумать
порох/хватать звёзды с небес/
6
7. NATIONALLY SPECIFIC FEATURES IN PHRASEOLOGY
• English PhUs can be classified into native and
borrowed;
• Native PhUs reflect nationally specific values,
prejudices, images and beliefs, such as to be at sea;
care killed a cat ; a mare’s nest; to carry coal to
Newcastle; to kick the bucket; to have green
fingers, a green-eyed monster, etc. – each one
related to the nationally unique features of the
English culture;
• Borrowed phraseological units can be loans from
different languages, mainly Latin, French and
German.
7
8. PROVERBS IN THE LANGUAGE WORLD PICTURE
Proverbs often reflect national values, traditions and
stereotypes some of which can be universal:
• He that marries for wealth sells his liberty;
• A man is as old as he feels, a woman as old as she
looks;
• A hungry man is an angry man;
• A wife and a husband are a whole of two pieces;
• Муж и жена – одна сатана;
• Жена да муж – змея да уж;
• Эр-хотин – қўшҳўкиз.
8
9. TRANSLATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
PhUs can be translated by :
• Equivalents: A good wife and health are man’s
best wealth / Не надобен и клад, коли у мужа
с женой лад / Яхши хотин – хазина;
• Analogues: The wife is the key to the house /
Жена -хранительница очага / Хотин уйнинг
чироғи;
• Periphrasis: A good Jack makes a good Jill/У
хорошего мужа и жена хорошая/Хотиннинг
чиройи эридан.
9
10. PHRASEOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COMMUNICATIVE
COMPETENCES
• Communicative competence includes four
components: linguistic, sociolinguistic, discourse, and
strategic competences;
• Role of phraseology in developing linguistic and
intercultural communication competences is very
significant;
• Idioms come to make one-third part of the colloquial
speech. If we develop students’ awareness of using
idiomatic expressions, we are sure to bring them
closer to the authentic English speech.
10
11. PHRASEOLOGYAND TRANSLATION
• Idioms are a part of our daily speech. They
give expressiveness and exactness to oral and
written language. It’s not easy to master idioms
fluently.
• Word - for - word translation can change the
meaning of the idiom. So, what is an idiom and
phraseology? How can we translate idioms? Is
it possible to translate idioms word for word
without changing their meaning?
11
12. • An idiom is a phrase or expression whose total
holistic meaning differs from the meaning of
the individual words.
• For example, an early bird (a person who gets
up early every morning) or a jail bird (a man
who has been in prison more than once.) are
both English idioms.
• Idioms generally cannot be translated literally
(word for word). They must be learned
through a discourse and communication.
12
13. • The origin of the word jailbird can be traced back to the
medieval England, where convicts were often placed in
iron cages suspended several feet above the ground. These
cages were generally visible to passers-by, who were
routinely inspired to refer to the caged occupants as
‘jailbirds’, since they resembled real domesticated birds
kept in real birdcages.
• The "bird" in jailbird may also be connected with British
slang for a prison sentence, as the expression of "doing
bird" meant “being in prison for a crime”, used in the 18th
and 19th centuries;
• Early American slang also included a reference to African
slaves as "blackbirds," which could just as easily be a
reference to their captive status as much as their skin color.
13
14. In English someone who is very
clumsy, especially in delicate
situations, could be described as
being like “a bull in a china
shop”.
In French such people are like “an
elephant in a porcelain factory ” (un
elephant dans un magasin de
porcelaine).
In Danish the equivalent is ‘som en
elefant I en glasbutik’ (like an
elephant in a glass store),
In Russian they say ‘Слон в
посудной лавке’.
In Uzbek: ayiqdek qo’pol,
beso’naqay ayiq.
14
Idioms with animal names
15. Phraseological fusions are
completely non - motivated
word-groups, such as to flog
a dead horse (to waste one’s
time or efforts.) It’s analogue
might be: стричь голую
овцу; a dog in the manger
(a person who prevents
others from enjoying
something while he/she does
not do it); Rus.: собака на
сене.
Here the meaning of the
components have no
connection whatsoever, at
least synchronically, with the
meaning of the whole group.
15
16. To shed crocodile tears -проливать
крокодиловы слезы
The expression comes
from an ancient belief
that crocodiles shed
tears or weep in order
to lure their prey, or
that they cry for the
victims they are
eating.
16
17. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush - лучше
синица в руках, чем журавль в небе.
17
21. • A copy-cat - a
person who
copies or mimics
what someone
else does or says.
21
22. A busy bee- a person who is industrious or
has many things to do.
Example:
I phoned Ann yesterday,
but she didn’t pick up the
phone. This week I’ve
phoned her three times,
but I couldn’t get in touch
with her. She has been
busy bee recently.
22
23. FISH IDIOMS
‘There are plenty more fish in the
sea’ - There are lots of other
men/women to go out with.
Something people say to someone
who has just split up with a girlfriend
or boyfriend.
“Don’t worry about Jim. There are
plenty more fish in the sea.”
‘Smell fishy’ - If a situation
or an explanation “smells
fishy”, you think that
someone is being dishonest.
“Jim’s version of events
smells a bit fishy to me – I
think he was the one who did
it.”
23
24. ‘To fish for information’ - To try to
obtain some/secret information.
A: How much does Bob earn each
year?
B: Why? Are you fishing for
information?
‘To be another kettle of fish” - If you say that
something (or someone) is “another
kettle of fish”, you are saying that it (or he/she) is
completely different.
“I’ve driven a scooter before, but riding on that 600 cc
motorbike is a completely different kettle of fish.”
‘ A queer fish’ - This means a “strange person”.
“He washes his hands about thirty times a day.
He’s a bit of a queer fish.”
24
25. ‘As slippery as an eel’ - Someone who is
“as slippery as an eel” is dishonest and
cannot be trusted.
“I wouldn’t go into business with him. He’s
as slippery as an eel.”
‘A red herring’ - Something or someone who takes
your attention away from the main subject. For
example, a character in a film who appears to be
the murderer, when really it is someone else.
“For the first 200 pages of the book I was convinced
that Lord Melbury was the murderer, but that was
just a red herring.”
‘Be packed like sardines’ - If people are “packed like sardines”,
there are many people in a very small space.
“There were fifty of us in the train carriage. We were
packed like sardines.”
25
26. INTERNATIONALISMS IN PHRASEOLOGY
Many PhUs enter into the international idiomatic vocabulary.
Examples:
• “Blue blood” – Fr. le sang bleu / Span. la sangre azul / Chech.
modrá krev / Pol. błękitna krew; / Ukr. голуба кров; Gem
blaues Blut; Russian «голубая кровь» is a calque from
English, which is a calque from Spanish - la sangre azul.
Originally it was the name of the Castillia nobles who never
married dark-skinned;
• “To cast pearls before swine” (Bible) – Rus. метать бисер
перед свиньями/ Ger. Perlen von die Saue werfen/ Sp. echar
perlas delante de los puercos; It. gettare le perle dinanzi a
porci, etc.
• “Achilles heel” – Rus. Ахиллесова пята (a weak point) fr.
Greek mythology
26
27. CONCLUSION
• It is clearly seen that learning foreign languages
encompasses the cultural aspect of the language;
• Moreover, the need for learning the cultural aspect
of the language and its national peculiarities
facilitates intercultural communication;
• This allows to bring the native and learning
languages closer and become aware of national,
cultural, geographical and historical peculiarities of
the English people;
• The knowledge of the linguocultural aspects of the
language is believed to be crucial for developing
communication skills in the target language.
27
28. THE LIST OF RECOMMENDED LITERATURE
• Amosova N.N. “Essentials of English phraseology” , Leningrad -1962
• Smith L.P. “Words and Idioms “, London -1980.
• Fraser B . “Idioms and Idiomaticity”, Cambridge - 1996
• Кунин А В “Фразеология современного английского языка”, M - 1996
• Manser N. Martin “A dictionary of idioms” 1997
• Seid J.and McMordie W. ”Idioms and How to Use Them”, M.- 1983
• www.mes-english.com
• www.tolearnenglish.com
• www.ziyonet.uz
28