The document discusses the different levels of linguistic analysis: 1. Phonology examines a language's sound system and sound devices used in texts. 2. Graphology studies a language's written conventions like punctuation, spacing, and formatting. 3. Lexis refers to a language's vocabulary, including individual words and phrases. 4. Syntax analyzes a language's sentence structure and grammatical rules. 5. Semantics focuses on the meanings and intentions conveyed through word choices in context.

1. Levels of
Linguistic
Analysis

2. Levels of Linguistic Analysis
1. Phonology
2. Graphology
3. Lexis
4. Syntax
5. Semantics

3. PHONOLOGY

4. Phonology
 According to Khan and Jabeen (2015), this
level of stylistic analysis focuses on the study
of a language's sound system, or the formal
rules of pronunciation. This level concentrates
on the role that sound devices play in texts'
stylistic importance. Alliteration, assonance,
consonance, and phonaesthesia are
examples of phonological devices.

5.  Alabi (2008) claims that this level is the level
of combined sounds. In order to prove that
two sounds are similar or different, one must
use textual or linguistic evidence. However, as
language is not used in a vacuum, such a
deliberate use of sounds will also have
significance. As spoken language
predominates, this level is the richest and
most significant (Ogunsiji and Farinde, 2013).

6. Example:
“Their stanzas of stifling scandals
Cause the masses to curse” (Dasylva: “Songs
of Odamolougbe”
 Alliteration, deliberate selection of sounds,
repetition,
 Meaning: sinister, evil, corruption of Nigerian
politicians

7. GRAPHOLOGY

8. Graphology
 This level is considered as the study of written
language usage patterns. According to Khan and
Jabeen (2015:128), this is equivalent to the study
of a language's established spelling rules and
writing system. According to Leech (1969:39),
graphology, which refers to the entire writing
system, transcends orthography. In a similar
manner, it is referred to as a level of linguistic
analysis that concentrates on text layout, word
size or shape, and any other graphical or
orthographical element (Yeibo and Akerele 2014).

9.  The purpose of graphology in a text is to catch the
reader's attention. Graphology offers the reader a
solid impression by communicating the exact mind
of the writer. Punctuation marks like the comma,
full stop, colon, semi-colon, and quote marks, as
well as paragraphing, spacing, and the
foregrounding of certain structures, are examples
of graphological techniques. All these devices
have stylistic effects.

10. Example:
On the wrinkled face of the hills
i see my shortening shadow
as my sun creeps towards the west hills
gently, gently, gently
like afternoon’s flame l
o
Ushi’s “Hill Song” w
e
r
i
n
g
To ash in the evening

11. LEXIS

12. Lexis
 Lexis simply refers to language's words. It has
to do with a specific language's whole words
and phrases. This level is described by
Ogunsiji & Farinde (2013) as word choice.
Our choice of words is however unique. This
is because of the possibility that different
influences like heredity, training, and even
experience could condition them.

13.  A lexical study of style involves the
identification of the components/features of a
word in a sentence. In an advertisement, it
can be used to create a stylistic impact. The
study of how individual words and idioms tend
to pattern in various linguistic contexts on the
meaning level in terms of stylistics is what
Khan and Jabeen (2015:128) refer to as the
lexical level of stylistics analysis.

14. Example:
I looked upon the rotting sea
And there the dead men lay
I looked upon the rotting deck
And there the dead men lay (Coleridge, “Rime
of the Ancient Mariner”)

15. SYNTAX

16. Syntax
 This level of analysis involves both syntax and
morphology. "The purpose is to evaluate the
internal structure of sentences in a language
and the way they work in sequences, clauses,
phrases, words, nouns, verbs, etc. Need to be
distinguished and placed through an analysis
to find the foregrounding and the derivation,"
state Khan and Jabeen (2015:128)

17.  The study of syntax is the pattern of word
combinations that result in phrases, clauses,
and sentences (Jolayemi 2008). Here, the
syntactic functions of distinct components of
speech will be explored. The investigation will
focus on the syntactic functions of nouns (as
subjects, objects, appositives, tenses, etc.);
adverbs (as modifiers, determinants, and so
on)..

18. Example:
“Home he went”
“home” occurs in the beginning of the sentence
to foreground it.
“Something there is that doesn’t love a wall”
Robert Frost, “Mending Wall”

19. SEMANTICS

20. Semantics
 Simply put, this level is focused on word and
sentence meaning. Depending on the speaker's or
writer's intention, words may be used to produce
denotative, connotative, collocative, affective,
thematic, or stylistic meanings at the semantic
level. We can identify the context of a text, its
genre, its communicative purposes, its author, and
other details by noticing certain distinctive word
choices. It's common to refer to this level as
"stylistic meaning."

21. Example:
The writer has penned down his ideas with
extreme brevity.
I see squeaking Cleopatra boy my
greatness….(Shakespeare)

22. THE END.
THANK YOU!!!