2. Lev Vygotsky
Lev Vygotsky
(November 17, 1896 - June 11, 1934)
• Lev Vygotsky was born in Orsha, a city
in the western region of the Russian
Empire.
• He attended Moscow State University,
where he graduated with a degree in
law in 1917.
• Lev Vygotsky was a seminal Russian
psychologist who is best-known for his
sociocultural theory.
3. Lev Vygotsky
Learning occurred through interactions with others in our
communities: peers, adults, teachers, and other mentors.
He determined that teachers have the ability to control
many factors in educational setting, including tasks,
behaviors, and responses. As a result, he encourage more
interactive activities to promote cognitive growth, such as
productive discussions, constructive feedback, and
collaboration with others.
Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development
4. Lev Vygotsky
The role of the teachers was to facilitate learning
by directing the dialogue and confirming
contributions in an effort to further motivate the
students
Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development
5. Lev Vygotsky
Zone of Proximal
Development
Is defined as the space
between what learner can do
without assistance and what
a learner can do with adult
guidance or in collaboration
with more capable peers.
Zone of Proximal
Development-(ZPD).
What needs to be
done to take the
learner where he
needs to be.
Zone of Achieved
Development-
ZAD. Where the
learner is right
now
6. To assist a person to move through the zone of proximal
development, educators are encouraged to focus on three
important components which aid the learning process:
Lev Vygotsky
Scaffolding, or supportive activities provided by the
educator, or more competent peer, to support the
student as he or she led through the ZPD.
Social interactions with a skillful tutor that allow the
learner to observe and practice their skills.
The presence of some one with knowledge and skills
beyond that of the learner (a more knowledgeable other)
7. Locus of Control
In education, locus of control typically refers to how
students perceive the causes of their academic
success or failure in school
Is a psychological concept that refers to how strongly
people believe they have control over the situation
and experiences that affect their lives
8. Locus of Control
Internal External
generally believe that their success
or failure is a result of the effort and
hard work they invest in their
education.
generally believe that their successes or
failures result from external factors beyond
their control, such as luck, fate, circumstance,
injustice, bias, or teachers who are unfair,
prejudice, or unskilled.
blame poor grades on their unfair
teacher or test.
blame poor grades on their failure to
study
“I control my
destiny”
“Others control
my destiny”
