This document provides guidance on developing paragraphs, including the key elements of a paragraph and different methods for paragraph development such as using time, process, space, examples, comparison/contrast, cause/effect, and classification. It also includes examples of transitional words and phrases for each development method. The document concludes with writing assignments - to state, explain, and describe a social problem that can be fixed in one's lifetime, and to read the next chapter.

1. Lesson Six Developing Paragraphs

2. Quiz Self Assessment

3. Write your name and student number at the top of your paper. Do not cheat. You will hand in your quiz after we are finished.

4. 1. What are the three elements of the writing triangle. 2. Which of the following relates to the Paradigmatic Dimension of language? a.) syntax b.) horizontal dimension c.) cultural d.) choice of words Standard words are usually… a.) common words b.) jargon c.) idiomatic expressions d.) dialect _______ phrases rename nouns or nouns phrases (give definition like details) a.) participle b.) appositive c.) absolute d.) relative When defining Rhetoric, it can be safe to assume that Rhetoric is both a _____ and an _____. Hint: Something you learn

5. Elements of a Paragraph Topic Sentence Unity Coherence Adequate Development

6. Developing Paragraphs Developing paragraphs is about thinking and logic . We must logically order our thoughts and present them clearly to our readers. (Pg. 91)

7. Developing Paragraphs When deciding how to develop a paragraph, it is important to look at your topic sentence and ask yourself the following questions: “ What do I expect to see next?” “ What is the most logical way to present this information based on the topic sentence?”

8. Developing Paragraphs Development by: Time Process Space Example Comparison and Contrast Cause and Effect Classification

9. 1. Development by Time Using Time to develop paragraphs simply means putting supporting evidence in a chronological order. Transitional words to show time: after, afterward, as, as long as, as soon as, at last, before, during, earlier, finally, formerly, immediately, later, meanwhile, next, since, shortly, subsequently, then, thereafter, until, when, while

10. 2. Development by Process Development by Process usually displays supporting evidence to the topic sentence by giving step-by-step instruction, description, and details.

11. 3. Development by Space Provides supporting detail of any space that a writer wishes to describe. Example: Describing your hometown. To show place or direction: above, below, beyond, close, elsewhere, farther on, here, nearby, opposite, to the left (north, etc.)

12. 4. Development by Example Giving certain examples that help develop or explain the topic of the paragraph. To give examples: for example, for instance, in fact, specifically, that is, to illustrate

13. 5. Development by Comparison & Contrast Occurs when the writer wishes to show similarities and dissimilarities. To compare: also, in the same manner, likewise, similarly To contrast: although, and yet, at the same time, but, despite, even though, however, in contrast, in spite of, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, still, though, yet

14. 6. Development by Cause & Effect Cause and Effect often takes topic sentences(TS) and states different causes involved with the TS and the effects those have over the general idea.

15. 7. Development by Classification Classification simply defines the topic sentence by placing or categorizing the subject for further meaning.

16. Developing Paragraphs Developing paragraphs is about thinking and logic . We must logically order our thoughts and present them clearly to our readers.

17. Developing Paragraphs When deciding how to develop a paragraph, it is important to look at your topic sentence and ask yourself the following questions: “ What do I expect to see next?” “ What is the most logical way to present this information based on the topic sentence?”

18. Create a Topic Sentence List effective methods towards development Explain why the effective method is appropriate and what type of details might you use in supporting your topic sentence. State, explain, and describe to a general academic audience one social problem that can be fixed during your lifetime. Overpopulation in China

19. Developing Paragraphs To show addition : again, and, also, besides, equally important, first (second, etc.), further, furthermore, in addition, in the first place, moreover, next, too To give examples : for example, for instance, in fact, specifically, that is, to illustrate To compare : also, in the same manner, likewise, similarly To contrast : although, and yet, at the same time, but, despite, even though, however, in contrast, in spite of, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, still, though, yet To summarize or conclude: all in all, in conclusion, in other words, in short, in summary, on the whole, that is, therefore, to sum up To show time : after, afterward, as, as long as, as soon as, at last, before, during, earlier, finally, formerly, immediately, later, meanwhile, next, since, shortly, subsequently, then, thereafter, until, when, while To show place or direction: above, below, beyond, close, elsewhere, farther on, here, nearby, opposite, to the left (north, etc.) To indicate logical relationship : accordingly, as a result, because, consequently, for this reason, hence, if, otherwise, since, so, then, therefore, thus

20. Writing Assignment State, explain, and describe to a general academic audience one social problem that can be fixed during your lifetime. Due in 2 weeks Underline the topic sentence of each paragraph.

21. Writing Assignment Definition Social : of or relating to human society, the interaction of the individual and the group, or the welfare of human beings as members of society

22. Writing Assignment Hints: What is the problem? Does it affect the whole world or just a specific region/location? What is the history of this problem? What is the current situation of this problem? Whom does it affect? Why is it a problem? What can you do to solve it in your lifetime?

23. Reading Assignment Finish reading Chapter 4.