Lesson Plan Four Government 2
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The document summarizes the key aspects of the US Constitution, including that it was written in 1787 and lays out the framework of the US government. It established six basic principles: popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, and federalism. These principles, along with the preamble and bill of rights, gave Americans the political freedom to shape their own identities and participate in a government run by and for the people.
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The document discusses the three branches of the United States government: executive, judicial, and legislative. The executive branch, led by the President, is responsible for enforcing laws. The judicial branch, headed by the Chief Justice and Supreme Court, decides the constitutionality of laws and how they are applied. The legislative branch proposes bills and is made up of the Senate and House of Representatives.
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The United States government is based on a federal system established by the Constitution in 1787. Power is divided between the federal government and state governments. The federal government has powers such as making war and printing money, while states have control over areas like justice, education, and marriage. There are three branches of government: the executive branch led by the President, the legislative branch consisting of Congress, and the judicial branch headed by the Supreme Court.
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The document discusses key concepts related to the US Constitution including:
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The document summarizes key aspects of the creation and structure of the US Constitution. It describes how delegates met in Philadelphia in 1787 to address problems with the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution. They debated issues around representation and the powers of Congress, and reached compromises including the Connecticut Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise. The new Constitution was then ratified and outlines a federal government with separation of powers and checks and balances between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
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Similar to Lesson Plan Four Government 2
Biblical Principles of Government Should Government Be Inv.docx
Biblical Principles of Government:
Should Government Be Involved?
YES NO
Is this an
issue of
injustice?
Inalienable Rights:
Does the injustice
equate to a violation
of life, liberty, and
property?
YES NO
Government
should be
involved.
Government
should not be
involved.
How can other
spheres in society be
involved to help solve
the problem?
Government
should not be
involved.
The United States Constitution
September 17, 1787
____________________
It quickly became apparent that the Articles of Confederation, ratified by all the states by
March 1781, was insufficient in several areas (Lowman, pp. 121-22). One of the main weaknesses
was that it had no means of enforcing laws, or to settle disputes arising out of national laws. This
placed the states in the position of being independent nations (Lowman, p. 122). The states had no
rights with one another that were easily protected, and neither did their citizens. Shays' Rebellion,
which occurred in Massachusetts in 1786, magnified this problem and was the event that caused
the founding fathers to discuss plans for a better system of government:
Shays' Rebellion was limited to Massachusetts, but it threw fear into the hearts of Americans
in general. It rudely awakened them to the truly desperate political and economic conditions
in America. George Washington, in a letter to John Jay, wrote that "our affairs are
drawing rapidly to a crisis. We have errors to correct; we have probably had too good an
opinion of human nature in forming our Confederation. Experience has taught us that
men will not adopt, and carry into execution, measures the best calculated for their own
good, without the intervention of coercive power. I do not conceive we can exist long as a
nation without lodging, somewhere, a power which will pervade the whole Union in as
energetic a manner as the authority of the state governments extends over the several states
[Emphasis added.] (Lowman, p. 124).
A convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation, but under the leadership of George
Washington, the delegates pushed for a more ambitious plan: creating an entirely new system of
government:
The Convention had been called only for the purpose of revising the Articles of
Confederation. But most of the delegates realized from the beginning of their discussions
that this was not enough to solve the nation's pressing problems. What was needed was a
new and stronger national government. Since whatever action they took would only result in
a recommendation to the states and would not be binding on anyone, they made the bold
decision to put aside the Articles and draft a brand new Constitution for the United States.
In making the "Great Decision," they heeded the advice of George Washington, who is
reported to have told the delegates even before the Convention officially began: "It is too
probable that no plan we propose will b ...
Biblical Principles of Government Should Government Be Inv.docx
Biblical Principles of Government:
Should Government Be Involved?
YES NO
Is this an
issue of
injustice?
Inalienable Rights:
Does the injustice
equate to a violation
of life, liberty, and
property?
YES NO
Government
should be
involved.
Government
should not be
involved.
How can other
spheres in society be
involved to help solve
the problem?
Government
should not be
involved.
The United States Constitution
September 17, 1787
____________________
It quickly became apparent that the Articles of Confederation, ratified by all the states by
March 1781, was insufficient in several areas (Lowman, pp. 121-22). One of the main weaknesses
was that it had no means of enforcing laws, or to settle disputes arising out of national laws. This
placed the states in the position of being independent nations (Lowman, p. 122). The states had no
rights with one another that were easily protected, and neither did their citizens. Shays' Rebellion,
which occurred in Massachusetts in 1786, magnified this problem and was the event that caused
the founding fathers to discuss plans for a better system of government:
Shays' Rebellion was limited to Massachusetts, but it threw fear into the hearts of Americans
in general. It rudely awakened them to the truly desperate political and economic conditions
in America. George Washington, in a letter to John Jay, wrote that "our affairs are
drawing rapidly to a crisis. We have errors to correct; we have probably had too good an
opinion of human nature in forming our Confederation. Experience has taught us that
men will not adopt, and carry into execution, measures the best calculated for their own
good, without the intervention of coercive power. I do not conceive we can exist long as a
nation without lodging, somewhere, a power which will pervade the whole Union in as
energetic a manner as the authority of the state governments extends over the several states
[Emphasis added.] (Lowman, p. 124).
A convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation, but under the leadership of George
Washington, the delegates pushed for a more ambitious plan: creating an entirely new system of
government:
The Convention had been called only for the purpose of revising the Articles of
Confederation. But most of the delegates realized from the beginning of their discussions
that this was not enough to solve the nation's pressing problems. What was needed was a
new and stronger national government. Since whatever action they took would only result in
a recommendation to the states and would not be binding on anyone, they made the bold
decision to put aside the Articles and draft a brand new Constitution for the United States.
In making the "Great Decision," they heeded the advice of George Washington, who is
reported to have told the delegates even before the Convention officially began: "It is too
probable that no plan we propose will b.
U.S. Government -- Chapter 1 Section 1 "Government and the State"
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to government and political systems. It defines government as the institution that makes and enforces public policy. It also outlines the three basic powers of government - legislative, executive, and judicial. The document then discusses different forms of governance like democracy and dictatorship. It identifies the four characteristics of a state as population, territory, sovereignty, and government. It concludes by explaining that sovereignty means a state has supreme power within its own territory.
Basics of the Constitution
The document outlines the key articles, principles, and goals of the U.S. Constitution. It discusses the seven articles of the Constitution and the principles of popular sovereignty, limited government, federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, republic, and individual rights. The goals of the Constitution as stated in the preamble are to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty.
Political-Geo-of-the-United-States.pptx.
In the United States, we have a system called democracy, which means that the power to make decisions comes from the people. We elect representatives, like the President, members of Congress, and local officials, to make decisions on our behalf.
One important part of the political system is the separation of powers. This means that the government is divided into three branches: the executive branch, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch. Each branch has its own responsibilities and powers to keep things fair and balanced.
The executive branch is led by the President, who is like the captain of a team. The President is responsible for enforcing laws and making sure the country runs smoothly. They also represent the United States to other countries.
The legislative branch is made up of Congress, which is like a big group of people who make laws. Congress is divided into two parts: the Senate and the House of Representatives. They work together to create and pass laws that affect the whole country.
The judicial branch is like a group of referees or judges. They interpret the laws and make sure they are fair and follow the Constitution, which is like the rulebook for our country. The highest court in the judicial branch is called the Supreme Court.
Another important concept in the political system is checks and balances. This means that each branch of government has some control over the other branches to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. It's like a game where everyone has to play by the rules and no one can cheat.
Overall, the political system of the United States is designed to give power to the people and ensure that the government works fairly and effectively. It's like a big machine with different parts that work together to keep our country running smoothly.
The Four Pillars of U.S. Government The federal government of the .docx
The Four Pillars of U.S. Government
The federal government of the United States was constructed using the directions provided in the U.S. Constitution. Our Founding Fathers had the wisdom and foresight to create a very flexible and intelligently structured government framework that has endured. The entire American political system is based on four constitutionally derived pillars: a national government; separation of powers; federalism; and individual rights. Briefly describe each pillar, how it interacts with the other three pillars, and then provide real-world examples of how each pillar supports our government. How does the U.S. Constitution establish checks and balances and federalism using these pillars? Please explain the reasoning behind your response.
Judicial Independence Within a Political Process
Our judicial branch of government was designed not only to serve as a check on the power of the executive and legislative branches but also to be the final arbiter on disputes among states and between the states and the federal government. One important arbitration tool utilized by the judicial branch is judicial review. Judicial review is one of the U.S. Constitution’s most provocative features as it plays an important role in shaping the laws that impact our society. For this discussion, complete the following:
Define judicial review.
Explain why the origins and legitimacy of judicial review are often called into question.
Discuss whether the framers of the Constitution intended for the judiciary to have this role in the policy making process.
Share your opinion on judicial review. Explain why you support or do not support judicial review.
.
Exam 1 POLS 1101 Study Guide.docx
This document provides a study guide for an exam on POLS 1101 that defines key political science concepts and outlines important events and documents in U.S. political history. It defines different forms of government (unitary, confederal, federal), principles like sovereignty, rights, and powers. It also summarizes major compromises and plans debated at the Constitutional Convention, the structure and powers granted to the three branches of government, and amendments that expanded civil rights.
US GOVT
Since the US Presidential Elections are close.
U can find some useful info about that in this short & sleek presentation.
Citizenship In The Nation
This presentation was developed as an introduction to the Boy Scout merit badge, Citizenship in the Nation. It can also be used as an overview for an American Government class.
Major Principles of the Constitution
The document outlines the 7 major principles of the US Constitution: popular sovereignty, republicanism, limited government, federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and individual rights. Popular sovereignty means the authority of the people to govern themselves. Republicanism refers to a representative government where voters elect representatives. Limited government means the Constitution outlines specific powers of each branch to prevent misuse of power. Federalism allows states to govern themselves on certain issues while the national government handles issues concerning all Americans. Separation of powers splits the government into three branches - legislative, executive, and judicial - to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. Checks and balances allows each branch to limit the power of the other branches. Individual rights protects the
Constitution Presentation.ppt
This instructional guide for international high school students covers the key principles of the US Constitution, including separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, federalism, limited government, and popular sovereignty. It provides a brief history of the Constitution and the founding of the US, then explains each of the three branches of government and how they work together. It also discusses important concepts like judicial review, federalism, and how the system aims to prevent abuse of power while protecting individual rights and majority rule. Students are given activities to demonstrate their understanding of the US governmental system.
Usa gov
The document provides an overview of the system of government established by the United States Constitution. It summarizes that the Articles of Confederation created a weak national government, so the Founding Fathers drafted the Constitution to implement a stronger federal government balanced with state powers. The Constitution established three branches of government and a system of checks and balances. It also guarantees citizens' rights and can be amended. The document then describes the structure and roles of Congress, the President, the Supreme Court, and state governments.
Essay About The Constitution Of The United States
Essay about United States Constitution
The Us Constitution Essay
The US Constitution Essay
Essay about The American Constitution
The U.S. Constitution Essay
US Constitution Essay
Essay about The Constitution
Citizenship In The Nation
The document provides an overview of the US government system, including:
- The colonial period and problems with British rule that led to the Declaration of Independence.
- The structure and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation government.
- The key principles of the US Constitution such as popular sovereignty, separation of powers, checks and balances.
- An outline of the three branches of government - legislative, executive, judicial - and their main powers and responsibilities.
Liberty Tree
The document summarizes the structure and functions of the US government as established by the Constitution. It describes the three branches of government - legislative, executive, and judicial - and their roles. It also explains the principles of separation of powers, checks and balances, and how the Constitution aims to protect individual rights while limiting government power.
6 us political system
The document discusses the US Constitution and the system of government it establishes. It explains that the US has a written constitution and the Bill of Rights outlines citizens' rights and responsibilities. It also describes that the US has a federal system with both a national government and state governments. The federal government is split into three branches - the executive (President), legislative (Congress), and judicial (Supreme Court) branches, which each have distinct roles in governing the country.
Chapter 2 The American Federal System and the Texas State Con
Chapter 2: The American Federal System and the Texas State Constitution
Introduction
This chapter describes the broad outlines of the American federal system of government, and how that system is
established in the constitutions of both the United States and Texas. It begins by describing federalism and constitutions,
and then see how the United States Constitution assigns powers to the national and state governments. It then proceeds
to describe the development of the Texas Constitution, culminating with the constitution written in 1876 along with an
overview of how it has been amended through the election on November 2019.
What is a Constitution?
A constitution is a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a nation or state is
governed. It does the following :
- establishes the basis of governing authority
- outlines the structure of the government
- defines and enumerates its powers, and the limits on those powers
- clarifies the rights of the people.
All constitutions in the United States are based on the authority of the people – at least those with power - who live
within the borders of that governing system. The nature of the constitution is a reflection of their values and traditions.
The United States Constitution, and in turn the state constitutions, is based on the republican tradition that developed
over time in Britain, and included the common law. Texas, as we will see below, was rooted initially in Spanish law, and
Jacksonian democracy. The structure of the United States Constitution, written in the summer of 1787, was influenced
by the 13 state constitutions written after independence was declared from Britain. It then provided a model for all
subsequent state constitutions including Texas.
The original document was organized as follows:
Preamble – Which states that the constitution has been ordained and established by the people of the United States.
Article One – Vests the legislative powers in a bicameral Congress.
Article Two – Vests the executive power in a single person, the president.
Article Three – Vests the judicial power in a Supreme Court, and inferior courts established by Congress.
Article Four - Establishes the relationships between the states, and authorizes the creation of new states.
Article Five – The amendment process
Article Six – The national supremacy clause
Article Seven – the ratification process
27 Amendments, including a Bill of Rights, have been added since then.
The national document is brief, vague and limited in its scope.
What is a State Constitution?
Each of the 50 states have their own constitutions which allow for the organization of state governments according to
their own wishes, in accordance with what is allowable by the national constitution, specifically that they establish
republican governments. Local governments are organized under charters, which are similar to constitutions, except
t ...
US system of government
The Government of the USA is based on the Constitution, which was signed in 1787 and established a federal government with powers separated between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent dictatorship. The Constitution gives Congress lawmaking powers, the President executive powers to enforce laws, and the Supreme Court judicial powers to interpret laws. A system of checks and balances ensures no single branch can gain too much power, such as Congress passing laws the President can veto or the Supreme Court striking down unconstitutional laws. Regular elections also check leaders' power by allowing voters to replace representatives who oppose the President's agenda.
4I 2014
The document outlines the structure and powers of the three branches of the US federal government as established by the Constitution:
1) The legislative branch is made up of Congress, which has the power to enact laws, declare war, approve appointments, and conduct investigations. Congress is divided into the House of Representatives and Senate.
2) The executive branch is headed by the President, who enforces laws and acts as commander-in-chief. The President can sign or veto bills, negotiate treaties, issue executive orders, and pardon crimes.
3) The judicial branch consists of federal courts that interpret laws and the constitution. Judges are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The Supreme Court is the highest
Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention was held from May 25, 1787 to September 17, 1787 in Philadelphia to address the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation and create a stronger federal government. Delegates debated plans such as the Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan, and Connecticut Compromise. They established a new Constitution with three branches of government and a system of checks and balances. The Great Compromise combined elements of the first two plans to create a bicameral legislature. The Three-Fifths Compromise counted slaves as three-fifths of a person for representation. The new Constitution was ratified in 1788.
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U.S. Government -- Chapter 1 Section 1 "Government and the State"
U.S. Government -- Chapter 1 Section 1 "Government and the State"
The Four Pillars of U.S. Government The federal government of the .docx
The Four Pillars of U.S. Government The federal government of the .docx
Chapter 2 The American Federal System and the Texas State Con
Chapter 2 The American Federal System and the Texas State Con
More from Jenny Hulbert
Vietnam War
The document discusses the causes and key events of the Vietnam War. It began as an effort by the US to contain the spread of communism through alliances and policies like the Domino Theory. This led to increasing American involvement and escalation over decades. Major events included the division of Vietnam in 1954, the Tet Offensive of 1968, and the Fall of Saigon in 1975, which ended with a communist victory.
The Cold War
The Cold War was a period of political and military tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991. Though they never directly fought each other, there was a constant rivalry as each country sought to spread their opposing economic and political ideologies across the world. This included the US aiming to contain the spread of communism and rebuild democratic allies through programs like the Marshall Plan, while the Soviets wanted to promote communism and control Eastern European governments as a buffer against Western influence. Their conflicting goals led to an arms race, proxy wars, and the division of Europe and Germany between capitalist and communist spheres of influence marked by the Iron Curtain.
McCarthyism
During the McCarthy Era of the 1950s in America, Senator Joseph McCarthy exploited fears about communism for political gain. He claimed to have a list of government employees who were communists and launched accusations with little evidence. McCarthyism led to widespread paranoia where Americans were denounced as communist sympathizers. It influenced society through restrictions on education, censorship of media, and promotion of pro-American ideals. McCarthy's accusations eventually lost credibility and he was censured after televised hearings showed his bullying behavior, marking the end of the McCarthy Era.
US Enters The War (WWII)
This document provides background information on the political and economic isolationism policies of the United States in the 1920s-1930s and the events leading up to its entry into World War II in 1941. It discusses the Neutrality Acts of the 1930s, FDR's 1937 quarantine speech, and the Cash and Carry policy of 1939 which allowed allies to purchase arms. It also covers increased defense spending in 1940, the Lend-Lease plan to aid allies in 1941, and the Pearl Harbor attack which led to the US declaring war on the Allied side against the Axis powers.
Japanese Internment
During World War II, over 120,000 Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated and detained in internment camps across the United States. In 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, which led to Japanese Americans being evacuated from their homes and detained without due process. Ten internment camps were established in remote locations, including Manzanar in California, where families were housed in overcrowded barracks surrounded by barbed wire fences under armed guard. Life in the camps was difficult, as internees lived in poor conditions with little privacy or amenities while struggling with inadequate medical care and racism.
WWI
The document discusses key details about World War 1, including when it took place from 1914-1918, the countries involved, and the long and short term causes. It also discusses America's initial isolationism, what eventually convinced the US to join the war in 1917, including German submarine warfare and the Zimmerman Telegram. The US then helped supply the Allies with troops, money and resources to aid their efforts and turn the tide of the war. The war had social impacts on the US such as more women working and African Americans migrating north.
Revolution in England
The document summarizes the revolution in England that established parliamentary rule over absolute monarchy. It began when King John faced a rebellion from nobles in 1215, forcing him to agree to the Magna Carta which established basic legal rights and limited royal power. This led to the development of institutions like common law, due process, habeas corpus and an increasingly powerful Parliament that sought to restrict monarchs' authority. This conflict continued until the Glorious Revolution of 1688 established England as a constitutional monarchy with Parliament drafting the Bill of Rights to define the powers of monarch and parliament. A cabinet system developed where government ministers answered to Parliament rather than the monarch, establishing the prime minister as head of the ruling party.
Reasons/Results of the Civil War
The document summarizes some of the key political, economic, and social reasons for the outbreak of the Civil War. The North supported a strong central government and the abolition of slavery, while the South believed in states' rights and the right to own slaves. Economically, the North was becoming more industrialized while the South relied on slave labor for its agricultural economy. These deep divisions and fears over the issues of slavery and states' rights ultimately led the South to secede from the Union and the North to refuse, resulting in the Civil War.
Iraq War
The document discusses the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. It outlines the key parties involved in each conflict such as Saddam Hussein, the US government, and terrorist groups. It also provides timelines for when each conflict began and lists reasons for American involvement such as responding to terrorist attacks and spreading democracy. Finally, it notes some results of the conflicts like rising death tolls and immense financial costs for the US.
Ptolemy, Copernicus, and the Church
The document discusses the transition from the geocentric model of the universe proposed by Ptolemy and Aristotle, in which Earth is the center, to the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus, in which the Sun is the center. It also provides context about the Scientific Revolution that began in Europe in the late 1500s and early 1600s, when scientists began systematically testing theories through experiments and observation rather than relying on traditional explanations. Some of the key figures who helped establish the modern scientific method are mentioned, including Galileo, Vesalius, Harvey, Boyle, Bacon, and Descartes.
Ptolemy, Copernicus, and the Church
The document discusses the transition from the geocentric model of the universe proposed by Ptolemy and Aristotle, in which Earth is the center, to the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus, in which the Sun is the center. It also provides context about the Scientific Revolution that began in Europe in the late 1500s and early 1600s, when scientists began systematically testing theories through experiments and observation rather than relying on traditional explanations. Some of the key figures who helped establish the modern scientific method are mentioned, including Galileo, Vesalius, Harvey, Boyle, Bacon, and Descartes.
Urbanization
As more immigrants arrived in American cities in the late 19th century, urban populations skyrocketed. This posed major challenges for city governments, including providing adequate housing, transportation, water, sanitation, crime prevention, and fire protection for the growing populations. Common problems included overcrowded tenement housing, lack of indoor plumbing and clean water, piles of horse manure in the streets, increased crime rates, and destructive fires due to buildings being close together and made of wood. Cities struggled to establish effective police, fire, and sanitation services to address the problems that arose from rapid urban growth and industrialization.
Chinese exclusion Act
- Early Chinese immigration to the US in the 1800s was spurred by instability in China and the California Gold Rush, with over 20,000 Chinese immigrants arriving by 1852 to work in the gold fields.
- However, Chinese miners faced resentment and violence from white miners who saw them as competition. Laws were passed targeting Chinese immigrants and many left the gold fields for San Francisco's Chinatown.
- In the 1860s, Chinese laborers were recruited to build the Transcontinental Railroad, facing dangerous work and racism, though they were integral to its completion in 1869. Anti-Chinese violence increased in the 1870s as the economy declined.
Timeline of Democracy
The document provides information about democracy and society in ancient Greece, the Middle Ages/Medieval Times, and modern times. It then discusses several aspects of medieval European society including feudalism, the power and influence of the Catholic Church, chivalry, manors, farming, trade, towns, government, education, and the bubonic plague.
American Ideals
The document summarizes examples of groups excluded from American ideals in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. It discusses the oppression of dissenters by the Puritan church in New England. It also outlines the mistreatment of Native Americans, including taking their land through broken treaties and armed violence. Finally, it describes how African Americans were treated as property and not people under the system of slavery, which separated families and denied basic rights.
Philosophies of the Constitution
The document discusses six philosophies found in the Constitution: republican government, limited government, individual rights, popular sovereignty, separation of powers/checks and balances, and federalism. It also explains that the Bill of Rights was added to formally protect citizens' rights and freedoms, as some feared the new US government might not respect individual liberties or states' rights without explicit protections.
The American Colonies
The document summarizes the early colonial history of America. It discusses the various European powers that established colonies, including the English, French, Dutch, Swedes, and Spanish. It then focuses on the Puritan settlers in New England and their religious motivations for establishing the Massachusetts Bay colony. Finally, it explores the political ties that the colonies maintained to Britain as part of the British Empire, which eventually led to tensions and the American Revolution.
Maps, Maps, Maps
The document discusses different types of maps and their purposes:
- Climate maps show climate and precipitation zones using colors.
- Economic/resource maps use symbols to indicate natural resources and economic activities in different areas.
- Physical maps illustrate terrain features like mountains and rivers using colors to denote elevations.
- Political maps show boundaries and label cities and capitals.
- Road maps provide driving directions and label roads and points of interest.
- Topographic maps use contour lines to show elevations.
- Latitude and longitude help locate places on a map; the document asks the reader to name cities given coordinates.
Communism In China
By the end of WWII, the Chinese Communists had gained control of Northern China and were fighting a civil war against the Nationalists led by Jiang Jieshi. Mao Zedong's Communist forces swept to victory, establishing the People's Republic of China. The Nationalists fled to Taiwan under Jiang. The Communists won due to support from peasants unhappy with landlords and taxes, growing discontent with the Nationalists' economic policies and corruption, and control of the countryside allowing them to cut off and capture Nationalist cities. After this victory, the Communists conquered Tibet in 1950.
McMarthyism
McCarthyism arose in the late 1940s and early 1950s as anti-communist paranoia grew in response to Soviet expansion in Europe, the Soviet atomic bomb, and the Korean War stalemate. This led Republicans like McCarthy to accuse Democrats of being soft on communism, fueling fears that caused millions to take loyalty oaths or face investigations and limiting political activism and union activity. Concerns over Soviet espionage were high during this period, leading to the conviction and execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg for passing nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union.
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