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Contrived experiences are edited versions of direct experiences that are used as substitutes for real things in classroom situations when bringing the real thing is not practical or possible. They simulate real-life situations and can take the form of models, mock-ups, specimens, objects, or simulation games. Models and mock-ups reproduce real things on a small or large scale using synthetic materials. Specimens are individual items that are typical examples of a group. Simulation games represent manageable real events where students actively participate. The key difference between games and simulations is that games are played to win, while simulations do not necessarily have a winner.












