The executive is headed by the Prime Minister and is responsible for implementing laws passed by the legislature. It includes the Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister, Ministers, and State Ministers. The executive prepares plans, policies, and programs and executes them to manage daily administration, maintain peace and order, conduct foreign affairs and financial administration. In Nepal, the executive lies at the national level and is headed by the Prime Minister, who is elected by the lower house of parliament. The Prime Minister forms the Council of Ministers and holds executive power, while the President is a ceremonial head of state.

1. The Executive
2076/03/30 1Class 10 8th Period

2.  The executive, headed by the Prime Minister,
functions to implement the laws formulation
by the legislature. It is composed of the Prime
Minister, Deputy Prime Minister, Ministers
and State Ministers. Its functions range from
making plans and policies to maintaining
peace in the nation.
2076/03/30Class 10 8th Period 2

3.  The executive is an important organ of the
government which implements the laws made
by the legislature of a nation. It also prepares
plans, policies and programmes and executes
them accordingly. It is known by other names
too such as government, cabinet or council of
ministers.
2076/03/30Class 10 8th Period 3

4.  Nepal has a federal parliamentary system of
government. The federal executive that lies at the
national capital is headed by the Prime Minister.
The Prime Minister is simply elected by the lower
house of the federal parliament. The president
and the Vice President are elected by an electoral
college consisting of the members of the federal
parliament and province assemblies and the
Chairmen and the Vice Chairmen of the village
executives (Gaun Karyapalika) as well as the
Mayors and the Deputy Mayors of town
executives (Nagar Karyapalika). But the real
executive power lies with the Council of Ministers
headed by the Prime Minister and the President is
just a titular Head of State. The President just
carries out some important decisions on the
recommendation of the Council of Ministers.
2076/03/30Class 10 8th Period 4

5.  According to Part 7 of the Constitution of Nepal,
the President appoints the leader of the
parliamentary board of the party in majority in
the House of Representatives as the Prime
Minister. In this condition, a single party majority
government is formed. The Prime Minister forms
the Council of Ministers under his/her own
chairmanship including the deputy Prime Minister
(if deemed necessary), ministers, assistant
ministers and state ministers but not exceeding
25 including himself/herself and fixes their
portfolios.
 If no single party has won clear majority in the
lower house, a member of the house who
commands majority support from two or more
parties is appointed the Prime Minister by the
President.
2076/03/30Class 10 8th Period 5

6.  In this condition, a coalition majority
government is formed. If this type of coalition
is not possible, the President appoints the
leader of the largest party in the House of
Representatives as the Prime Minister. This
type of government will be a single-party
minority government. The Prime Minister
appointed thus should get the vote of
confidence from majority members in the
lower house within 30 days from the
appointment. If the minority Prime Minister
fails to acquire clear majority support, he/she
has to resign and date for new election within
6 months is to be declared by the President
on the recommendation of the Prime Minister
himself.
2076/03/30Class 10 8th Period 6

7.  The Prime Minister and other ministers are
collectively responsible to the legislature. The
ministers are responsible for the activities of
their ministries individually to the Prime Minister
and collectively to the federal legislature.
According to Article 78 of the Constitution of
Nepal, any person who is not the member of the
federal legislature can also be appointed a
minister. However, such a minister must obtain
the membership of the legislature within six
months of his/her appointment. No candidate
who was defeated in the election of the existing
House of Representatives is eligible for the post
of a minister. The Prime Minister, Deputy Prime
Minister and ministers take their oath of office
and secrecy from the President while the
assistant ministers and state ministers take this
from the Prime Minister.
2076/03/30Class 10 8th Period 7

8.  In the modern times the executive has a very
comprehensive scope and the scope is ever growing and
growing. The executive has to work effectively both within
and outside the country. It has to maintain law and order
in the country, which is, in fact, difficult task, especially
when people’s demands are increasing and they take to
the street. Increasing problems like kidnapping and
trafficking should be dealt with. Proving food, shelter,
clothing, effective health service, quality education, etc.
for the people is absolutely necessary. Security of the
people and their property is a major concern for the
executive. Besides, it has to maintain good international
relations. In other words, expansion of diplomacy, trade
and communication is also the function of the executive. It
has to save the country’s prestige in international games
and sports. In short, new fields for functions of the
executives are appearing. However, we can divide the
major functions of the executive under the following
heads.
2076/03/30Class 10 8th Period 8

9.  The executive conducts daily administration
and maintains peace order and rule of law in
the nation. It prepares plans, policies and
programmes for the development works and
smooth running of the administration. It
recommends, appoints, transfers, controls
and supervises the government employees. It
issues directives, ordinances, orders,
messages and declarations. It also
recommends the President for appointing the
heads of the Constitutional Organs.
2076/03/30Class 10 8th Period 9

10.  The executive performs various diplomatic
functions such as formulating the foreign
policy and extending relationship with other
countries, declaring war and signing treaty
and agreement with them. It also appoints
the ambassadors to other countries. The
President receives those from other countries.
To deal with the foreign affairs is the
responsibility of the Minister for foreign
affairs in particular.
2076/03/30Class 10 8th Period 10

11.  The financial administration of the country is
conducted by the executive. It can impose
new tax and increase or decrease it. It can
borrow loans and spend money after the
approval of the legislative. The Finance
Minister Prepares the annual budget and
presents in the parliament for approval and
executes it after the parliament has passed it.
The annual budget is the presentation of the
yearly plans and programmes of the
government for the subsequent year.
2076/03/30Class 10 8th Period 11

12.  As defined in the constitution, the executive controls
and mobilizes the Nepal Army on the
recommendation of the Security Council. It defends
the nation from foreign attack and declares war or
peace. The executive (government) can use army even
for disaster management and development works.
The President, as head of the state, becomes the
supreme commander-in-chief of the army. S/he
appoints or terminate the commander-in-chief and
other high level army officers on the recommendation
of the council of ministers. S/he also appoints and
dismisses the head of the Armed Police Force. The
article 266 (part 28) of the constitution maintains the
there shall be a National Defense Council to make
Policies for Nepal’s security and defense, overall
national interests, and to recommend the council to
make policies for Nepal’s security and defence,
overall national interests, and to recommend the
council of ministers on mobilization or control of the
Nepal Army.
2076/03/30Class 10 8th Period 12

13.  The executive carries out different legislative
functions. It tables the bills in the parliament
meeting and issues ordinances when the
parliament is not in session. The executive also
possesses power to summon, adjourn and
prorogue the session. The power of dissolving
the House and ordering for fresh election for
fresh mandate also come under the executive.
Quite similarly, the judicial function of the
executive is that it can grant pardons or
minimize the punishment decided by judiciary.
Further, executive order and rules and directives
be issued as sub ordinate legislation with binding
force.
2076/03/30Class 10 8th Period 13

14.  The National Security Council is established
under the Chairmanship of the Prime Minister. Its
duty is to formulate the national defence and
security policy and mobilize and control the
Nepal Army. The members of the National
Security Council are as follows.
 Minister of Defence
 Minister of Home Affairs
 Minister of Foreign Affairs
 Minister of Finance
 Minister of Security
 Commander-in-chief of the Nepal Army
(All the posts are ex-officio posts)
2076/03/30Class 10 8th Period 14

15. The End
2076/03/30 15Class 10 8th Period