L 11 indian constitution of india

2. INTRODUCTION
The Constitution of India is the supreme
law of India. It lays down the framework defining
fundamental political principles, establishes the
structure, procedures, powers, and duties of
government institutions, and sets out
fundamental rights, directive principles, and the
duties of citizens. It is the longest written
constitution of any sovereign country in the
world, containing 444 Articles in 22 parts, 12
Schedules and 98 Amendments. The
Constitution was adopted by the Constituent
Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into

3. Meaning
 It is a set of written rules that are accepted by the
people of a nation. It is collection of basic rules
providing the framework for the governance of the
country.

4. SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAN
CONSTITUTION
The Constitution of India has some
outstanding features which distinguishes it from
other constitutions. The framers of our
constitution studied other constitutions, selected
their valuable features and put them with
necessary modifications in our constitution. They
succeeded doing this. The fact that the
constitution, for last 59 years, has been working
satisfactorily is a testimony to its quality and
utility.
Now we will discuss the salient features of
our constitution one by one.

5.  The Constitution of India is a written constitution.
It was framed by a Constituent Assembly which
was established for the purpose in 1946.

6. PREAMBLE
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved
to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST
SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all
its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity and to promote
among them all;
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and
the unity and integrity of the Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty sixth day
of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND
GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

7. Preamble
 It is an introduction to the constitution. It points
the basic philosophy adopted in the constitution.
 The preamble lays down that attainment of social
, economic and political justice and equality of
status and opportunity should be the main guiding
principle in the functioning of state.

8. CONSTITUTION
Pt. Nehru signing on the Constitution
BR Ambedkar : The Chief architect of Indian
Constitution

9. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
The Constitution of India guarantees six
fundamental rights (listed in part III) to every
citizen.
 Right to Equality.
 Right to Freedom.
 Right against Exploitation.
 Right to Freedom of Religion.
 Cultural and Educational Rights.
 Right to Constitutional Remedies.

10.  Rights to equality:
Equality before law
Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of
religion,race,caste etc.
Equality of opportunity in matters of public
employment
Abolition of untouchability

11.  Rights to freedom
Freedom to speech and expression
Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of
India
To practise any profession , occupation, trade
,business
To reside in any part of the country
To assemble peacefully

12.  Right against exploitation
Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced
labour
Prohibition of employment of children in factories

13.  Right to freedom of religion
Freedom of practice and propagation of Religion
Freedom to manage religious affairs
 Cultural and educational rights
Protection of interest of minorities
 right to constitutional remedies
Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by
constitution. i.e.if any of the above rights are
violated, then for their protection, legal help can
be taken.

14. Directive principles of state policy
 promotion of welfare
 Minimizing Inequalities
 principles of policy
 Equal justice and Free legal aid
 Right to work , to education and to public assistance
 Provision for just and Humane conditions of work
 Living wages for workers
 Participation of workers in Management of Industries
 Uniform civil code for citizens
 Promotion of Educational and Economic interest of Scs,Sts, and other
weaker sections
 To raise the level of Nutrition and Public health
 Organising agriculture and animal husbandry
 Protection of Environment
 Seperation of judiciary from Executive
 promotion of International peace and security

15. Other Constitutional Provisions related to Trade
, Commerce and movement of goods within the
territory Of India
 Freedom of Trade and Commerce
 power of parliament to impose Restrictions
 Restrictions on Legislative powers of Centre and
states
 Restriction on Trade , Commerce among states
 Appointment of authority

16. Constitutional Restrictions on
operating Business
 Restriction in Public Interest
 Technical or professional qualification
 Nationalization
 emergency
 Scarcity of goods in any state

17. Difference between Fundamental rights
and directive principles of state policy
 Justiciable , Not Justiciable
 Negative , Positive
 Supremacy
 fundamental rights provide civil liberties to
citizens while directive principles promote
economic and social justice

18. Constitution and economic justice
 provision for adequate means of livelihood
 Protection against economic exploitation
 Equal pay for equal work
 Check on concentration of wealth and means of
production
 right to practice any profession ,trade and
business
 Provision for social security
 freedom to form association to protect economic
interest