Here are 3 situations from the document where I would take steps to reduce or eliminate risks to ensure safety, along with the steps I would take: 1. Performing tasks that require lifting heavy loads - I would use proper lifting techniques, get assistance from another caregiver when possible, and consider if a lifting device could be used to reduce strain. 2. Exposure to infectious materials like blood or bodily fluids - I would always wear proper personal protective equipment like gloves, gowns, and ensure any sharps are properly disposed of to prevent accidental needle sticks. I would also practice good hand hygiene. 3. Stress and fatigue from night shifts or being on-call - I would ensure I take regular breaks,

2. OBJECTIVE/S
• Identify hazards & risks in caregiving
 Determine hazard & risk indicators in the workplace
 Determine the effects of hazards
 Appreciate the importance of having knowledge on hazards
and risks

3. HAZARDS
and RISKS

4. Unscramble the letter to determine the type of hazard a worker
is exposed to base on the description given in each item.
ROGIMCENO
repetitive and forceful movement

5. HALECMCI
Spillages of toxic materials

6. LOBGIIOCLA
bacteria and viruses

7. HIYSCAPL
twisted extension chords

8. P C O S Y H O L A G I C L
stress from night shifts

10. There are several potential health
and safety hazards associated with
caregiving and housekeeping duties,
including risk of illness or infection
due to blood or bodily fluids when
changing diapers, performing first aid
and others, risk of pain or injury
from lifting or carrying heavy loads.
Slips, trips, and falls.

11. HAZARD
Anything
that may
cause harm
to an
individual

12. RISK
Possibility that
somebody
could be
harmed

13. Occupational Health and Safety
-Occupational Health and Safety is the
campaign and maintenance of the
wellbeing of workers in every occupation.
-It talks about providing a safe working
environment to achieve an injury-free
workplace and a healthy atmosphere
that protects every worker against
illness.

14. Occupational Health and Safety
-It may also protect co-workers,
family members, clients, and
other members of the
community who are affected by
the workplace environment.

15. TYPES OF
HAZARD

16. PHYSICAL HAZARD
The most normal occurrences in
workplaces. They are usually easy
to detect, however, very often are
neglected because people are too
accustomed to them.

17. Examples of physical hazards that a caregiver
may be exposed to:
Electrical hazards:
Even in day care institutions or
nursing homes where care should be
of utmost concern, improper wiring
and frayed cords may still go
unnoticed. Misuse of electrical
equipment also happens in any type
of work environment.

18. • Endless loud noise:
If one is going to work in a nursing
home, frequent noise from patients
who are suffering from depression is
definitely a hazard.
• Spills on floors or tripping hazards:
There are times when even the
caregivers themselves do not mind
spills on

19. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
one of the most common
hazards that a caregiver faces. If
one is working in a day care,
hospital, hotel laundry, nursing
home, laboratories, he/she may
be exposed to biological hazards.

20. Examples of biological hazards that a
caregiver may be exposed to:
• blood or other body fluids
• fungi
• bacteria and viruses
• contaminated wastes

21. Some of the Effects of Biological Hazards
• Infections
• skin irritations
• Allergy
• Tuberculosis
• AIDS

22. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
Occur when a caregiver’s
nature of work, body,
position and working
conditions put pressure
on his body

23. Examples of ergonomic hazards that a
caregiver may be exposed to:
• performing tasks that
require lifting heavy loads
• too much bending and
reaching
• standing for long periods of
time

24. • holding body parts for long
period of time
• awkward movements,
especially if they are repetitive
• repeating the same
movements over and over

25. Some of the Effects of Ergonomic Hazards
• pain in the shoulder
• back injury
• too much impact on wrist and hands
• numbness in some parts of the body
• muscle cramps

26. CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Present when a worker is
exposed to any chemical
preparation in the
workplace in any form
(solid, liquid, gas)

27. Examples of chemical hazards that a
caregiver may be exposed to:
• liquids like cleaning products
• disinfecting solutions

28. Effects of Chemical Hazards
• Lung diseases
• Difficulty in breathing
• Allergy

29. PSYCHOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
Take place when a
caregiver’s work
environment becomes
stressful or demanding

30. Examples of psychological hazards that a
caregiver may be exposed to:
• Burn out, fatigue and on call
duty
• Unreasonable expectations
from patients or clients

31. • Verbal abuse form
dissatisfied clients
• Unreasonable expectations
from supervisors and
management.

32. Some of the Effects of Psychological Hazards
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Loss of confidence
• Loss of concentration at work
• Deterioration of performance at
work

34. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.

35. Question # 1:
It occur when a caregiver’s nature of work, body
position and working conditions put pressure on his/her
body
A. Biological Hazard
B. Chemical Hazard
C. Ergonomic Hazard
D. Physical Hazard

36. Question # 2:
Which of the following is considered as
Psychological Hazard?
A. Contaminated wastes
B. Spillson floors
C.Standing for a long period of time
D.Unreasonable expectations from supervisors
&management

37. Question # 3:
The following are effects of Chemical
Hazards, EXCEPT
A.Allergy
B.Difficulty in breathing
C.Falls
D.Lung diseases

38. Question # 4:
What type of hazard is usually the easiest to
spot?
A.Biological Hazard
B.Chemical Hazard
C.Ergonomic Hazard
D.Physical Hazard

39. Question # 5:
What hazard comes from working with
infectious materials?
A.Biological Hazard
B.Chemical Hazard
C.Ergonomic Hazard
D.Physical Hazard

41. Nursing home and day care institution
services are of great value to everyone. As
such, owners of these establishments are highly
reliant on their staff, particularly the caregivers
for the delivery of safe, efficient and responsive
service. It is therefore, the responsibility of the
management to ensure a safe and healthy work
environment. Every caregiver, or they should also
take part in determining the hazards and risks
in the workplace in the attainment of a conducive
climate within the nursing home or day care he is
working for.

42. Assignment:
Direction: Walk around your house and list down 10 possible hazards and risks that you
may find. Explain why these things that you have identified or listed pose danger to the
members of your family. Follow the format given.
Possible hazard/risk Reason/s why it poses danger to
me and my family

43. Why is there a need for the
caregivers to be knowledgeable of
the hazards and risks they are
exposed to?
If you were caregivers how
would you guard your selves
from the hazards mentioned
earlier?

44. Recognizing Hazards and Risks in the
Workplace
• Hazards and risks vary from one workplace to another.
• Even in day care or nursing homes where work routines
may be the same, hazards will differ depending on the
type of building the establishment is situated, and the
attitudes of caregivers, clients, or employers.
• The good news is hazards and risks can be prevented!
However, before thinking about what control measures
are needed, first a caregiver has to know whether there
are health and safety problems in his/her workplace. So,
how can someone identify the hazards in the
workplace?

45. The following are some ways for a caregiver
to determine health and safety problems:
1. A caregiver should observe the workplace.
2. A caregiver may examine complaints from his/her
co-workers.
3. A caregiver should check accident records.
4. A caregiver should examine chart on results of
inspections done by the employers or private
organizations.
5. A caregiver may use checklists and inspect the
workplace.
6. A caregiver may study reports or any other vital
information about the nursing home.

46. Leading indicators of safety include
• Having a safety policy and safety
management system,
• Following and enforcing safety rules
(putting visible warning signs or notices
to prompt people of the hazard),
• Actively searching out unsafe conditions
and behavior,
• Safety walks,

47. Leading indicators of safety include
• Safety talks,
• Hazard assessments,
• Use of lockout-tagout and other safety
programs,
• Safety observations,
• Safety training and certifications,
• Safety projects and initiatives,
• Pre-work safety inspections.

48. Leading indicators can improve organizational
performance in a variety of ways. Employers may
find that leading indicators can:
• Prevent workplace injuries and illnesses,
• Reduce costs associated with incidents,
• Improve productivity and overall
organizational performance,
• Optimize safety and health
performance,
• Raise worker participation.

49. What are the adverse health effects of
hazards?
A general definition of adverse
health effect is "any change in
body function or the structures of
cells that can lead to disease or
health problems".

50. Adverse health effects include:
• bodily injury,
• disease,
• change in the way the body
functions, grows, or develops,
• effects on a developing fetus
(teratogenic effects, fetotoxic
effects),

51. Adverse health effects include:
• effects on children,
grandchildren, etc. (inheritable
genetic effects),
• decrease in life span,

52. Adverse health effects include:
• change in mental condition
resulting from stress, traumatic
experiences, exposure to solvents,
and so on, and
• effects on the ability to
accommodate additional stress

53. What are the ways to
reduce or eliminate
hazards?

54. The following are suggested ways to reduce
or eliminate hazards:
1. Create awareness of hazards and risk.
2. Identify who may be at risk (e.g.,
employees, cleaners, visitors,
contractors, the public, etc.).
3. Determine if existing control
measures are adequate or if more
should be done.
4. Reduce slip and fall hazards.

55. 5. Replace safety signage.
6. Update personal protection equipment.
7. Label hazardous liquid containers.
8. Add safety tape to indoor driving
lanes.
9. Post updated notice to prompt people
of hazards.
10.Timely risk assessment in the
workplace to identify areas that need
development or replacement.

56. 11.Report and address areas of concern right
away.
12.Refrain from using substandard equipment and
machinery.
13.Frequent training of employees to keep them
updated and informed of the new safety standards
and protocols.
14.Monitor to make sure the control continues to
be effective.
15.Evaluate to confirm if the hazard has been
eliminated or if the risk is appropriately controlled.

57. Directions: Given the following
situations, how are you going to
reduce or eliminate risks to ensure
your safety? Choose only 3
situations out of the 5 situations to
answer. Write your answers in ½
sheet of paper.

58. Situation #1: In the classroom, your chair is shaky and
you can see the nail protruding.
Situation #2: The school, which is located near your
residence, is used as a quarantine facility for people
under monitoring and under investigation.
Situation #3: Your other classmates keep on moving
while holding things like pen, stick, and the like.
Situation #4: The floor in your classroom is very slippery
after being applied with floor wax
Situation #5: It bothers you a lot everytime you are in
school because you are your classmates’ favorite tease
and bully.