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Lesson 7_Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures (LO1)
- 1. LESSON 7: PRACTICEOCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES ILLUSTRATION 7
- 2. LO 1. IDENTIFYHAZARDS AND RISKS
- 3. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY(OHS) Occupational health and safety (OHS) relates to health, safety, and welfare issues in the workplace. OHS includes the laws, standards, and programs that are aimed at making the workplace better for workers, along with co-workers, family members, customers, and other stakeholders. Improving a company's occupational health and safety standards ensures good business, a better brand image, and higher employee morale.
- 4. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY(OHS) Occupational health and safety is concerned with addressing many types of workplace hazards, such as: • Chemicals • Physical hazards • Biological agents • Psychological fallout • Ergonomic issues • Accidents
- 5. IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS, RISKS,AND CONTROL A hazard is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people. COMMON HAZARDS 1. Physical Hazard - environmental factors that can harm a person without necessarily touching them, including heights, noise, radiation and pressure.
- 6. COMMON HAZARDS 2. ChemicalHazard – hazardous substances that can cause harm. These hazards can result in both health and physical impacts, such as skin irritation, respiratory system irritation, blindness, corrosion and explosions. IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS, RISKS, AND CONTROL
- 7. COMMON HAZARDS 3. ErgonomicHazard – result of physical factors that can result in injuries. For example, a poor workstation setup, poor posture and manual handling. IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS, RISKS, AND CONTROL
- 8. COMMON HAZARDS 4. BiologicalHazard – include viruses, bacteria, insects, animals, etc., that can cause adverse health impacts. For example, mold, blood and other bodily harmful plants, sewage, dust and vermin. IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS, RISKS, AND CONTROL
- 9. COMMON HAZARDS 5. PsychosocialHazard – include those that can have an adverse effect on a person’s mental health or wellbeing. For example, sexual harassment, victimization, stress and workplace violence. IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS, RISKS, AND CONTROL
- 10. IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS, RISKS,AND CONTROL
- 11. WHAT IS RISK? Riskis the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations property or equipment loss, or harmful effects on the environment. IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS, RISKS, AND CONTROL
- 12. 1. Hazard identification Identifyhazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm. WHAT IS A RISK ASSESSMENT? 2. Risk analysis and evaluation Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard. 3. Risk control Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk when the hazard cannot be eliminated IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS, RISKS, AND CONTROL
- 13. STRATEGIES IN IDENTIFYINGHAZARDS AND RISKS 1. OBSERVATION – observe your workplace 2. RECORDS – look into the past records of work-related injuries and find the causes 3. INTERVIEW – interview people on the workplace IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS, RISKS, AND CONTROL
- 14. Factors that contributeto the level or risk a hazards present include: 1. PEOPLE - The actions people take, or do not take, can create hazards in the workplace. Knowledge and training in appropriate procedures are critical to avoid unsafe work practices. Administration, leadership, and supervision help ensure workers follow and safe practices. IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS, RISKS, AND CONTROL 2. EQUIPMENT - The tools and machines people use and work near can be hazardous. Look for unsafe or unhealthy conditions such as: • inadequate guarding or barriers • defective tools and equipment, incorrect tools and equipment for the job • inadequate warning systems • inadequate electrical wiring and appliances
- 15. Factors that contributeto the level or risk a hazards present include: 3. MATERIALS - The improper handling and wrong type of raw materials, products, and hazardous chemicals can result in explosion, fires, and exposure to toxic chemicals and physical agents. IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS, RISKS, AND CONTROL 4. ENVIRONMENT - Some hazards are created by the work environment: • extreme weather conditions and temperatures • conditions of surfaces where people walk • over-crowding and inadequate ventilation • inadequate lighting and loud noise • inadequate storage areas • poor housekeeping
- 16. Factors that contributeto the level or risk a hazards present include: 5. PROCESS - The production process involves the flow of work and includes design, organization, people, pace, and type of work. The process may create byproducts such as heat, noise, dust, vapors, fumes, and scrap materials. IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS, RISKS, AND CONTROL
- 17. OHS PROTOCOL CONTINGENCY MEASURESAND PROCEDURES A contingency plan is a written emergency plan. It is sometimes referred to as "Plan B," because it can be also used as an alternative for action if expected results is failed. It includes the following: 1. Emergency procedures in response to disasters. 2. Arrangement between local police, hospital & other concerned agencies. 3. List of those who can help respond to the emergency. 4. Updated list of facilities and equipment in the building. 5. Evacuation plan. (Evacuation is the immediate movement of people away from the hazard scene.)
- 18. OHS PROTOCOL Sample templateof contingency plan Scenario Probability Preparation Response Tools/Material shortage Medium-High Maintaining the stock of materials; Weekly conducting of inventory Immediately call the suppliers
- 19. OHS INDICATORS OHS SIGNSOR SYMBOLS IN THE WORKPLACE Sign Colors: 1. Red – reflects immediate hazardous situations that will cause death or other serious injuries and indicated by danger signs. 2. Orange – represents a potentially unsafe situation that could cause serious injury and indicated by warning signs. 3. Yellow – used to alert against unsafe practices, which if not avoided, may results in minor or moderate injuries and indicated by caution signs. 4. Blue – used to convey safety information. 5. Green – indicates the emergency egress location, first aids and other safety equipment.
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