Lesson 4 lecture
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The document discusses grammar rules for the constructed language Toki Pona. It explains that Toki Pona uses the particle "e" to indicate the direct object of a verb. It provides examples like "mi moku e kili" to mean "I eat fruit." The document also discusses using the word "wile" to express wanting or needing to do something, and how to construct compound sentences using the particles "li" and "e."
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Lesson 4 lecture
- 1. Lesson 4 Lecture Adding more to your sentences
- 2. Direct Objects • The Direct Object(d.o.) is whatever the verb is acting upon. • To clarify, “Mary gave the ball to Sarah” Mary=Subject, gave=verb, the ball=d.o., Sarah=Indirect Object • In toki pona, we add ‘e’ before the d.o. – “mi moku e kili.” I ate/am eating/will eat fruit/vegetables. – What would “mi moku kili” mean? I, the creator of the Memrise course, don’t know. Just follow the grammar of toki pona from the beginning. Include ‘e’ even in the simplest of sentences, otherwise it won’t be toki pona
- 3. Using ‘e’ to specify meaning • “mi moku.” – I am food/I am eating – Context does help, since rarely do we say that we are food. – “mi moku e kili.” –I am eating fruits/vegetables. • “sina pona.” You are fixing/You are good – “sina pona e ilo.” You are fixing tool/machine. • Using direct objects can help simplify meaning.
- 4. Using ‘wile’ • To use this ‘modal’, use this basic pattern: – Subject + ‘wile’ + verb + object • “pipi li wile lukin e ijo.” – The bug wants to see/look at something. – The bug needs to see/look at something. – The bug has to see/look at something.
- 5. Compound Sentences • Using ‘li’ (2 verbs) – “ona li moku li lukin” • She/He/It eats and looks. – Or some variation. – “mi lukin e pipi li wile pakala e ona.” • I look at a bug and I want to destroy it. • So ‘li’ is used for the 2nd verb in sentences with 1st and 2nd person subjects, but not the first verb. All verbs for 3rd person subjects.
- 6. Compound Sentences • Using ‘e’ (2 direct objects) – “mi moku e kili e telo” • I eat/drink fruit and water. • Using both in one sentence? – “ona li wile moku e kili e telo li wile unpa.” • You translate, and I’ll give you the meaning in the next lesson.