Lesson 2 scientific method
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The document outlines the steps of scientific investigation as follows: 1. Identify the problem 2. Make observations and record data 3. Form a hypothesis or temporary solution 4. Test the hypothesis through experiments or further observations 5. Analyze the data collected 6. Draw conclusions based on whether the data supports or fails to support the hypothesis 7. Communicate the results
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Scientific Methodintro
The scientific method is the process scientists use to answer questions and solve problems. It involves 5 key steps:
1) Ask a question and research background information
2) Make an educated hypothesis or prediction of the answer
3) Design and conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis
4) Record, organize, and analyze the results and data
5) Draw a conclusion on whether the hypothesis was confirmed or not based on the results
The goal is to gather objective evidence that either supports or disproves the initial hypothesis through a reproducible experiment.
Scientific method
The document outlines the basic steps of the scientific method which include observing phenomena, asking questions, forming testable hypotheses, designing controlled experiments to test hypotheses, collecting and recording data, analyzing results, and reporting conclusions.
Scientific method
The document describes the scientific method, which involves 7 key steps: 1) making observations and asking questions, 2) developing hypotheses, 3) experimentation, 4) analyzing results, 5) drawing conclusions, 6) communicating results, and 7) making further observations. It then provides more details on each step, including defining independent and dependent variables, the purpose of a control group, and keeping other factors constant. An example is given of an experiment testing the effect of sugar amounts on bread size.
Scientific Method Notes
The scientific method is a systematic process used to investigate questions and develop answers. It involves stating a problem, conducting research, developing a hypothesis, experimentation, analysis of data, and communication of findings. The goal is to obtain accurate, unbiased results. Key aspects of the scientific method include developing a hypothesis, conducting controlled experiments that vary one variable at a time, collecting and analyzing quantitative data, and drawing conclusions based on whether the data supports or rejects the initial hypothesis.
Missed notes (08 15 to 08 17)
1. The document provides an overview of key concepts in the scientific method including defining a problem, developing a hypothesis, designing an experiment with independent and dependent variables, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing a conclusion.
2. It also discusses biological concepts such as the definition of biology and examples of quantitative and qualitative observations.
3. The scientific method is outlined as a seven step process and examples of hypotheses, variables, controls, and experiments are provided.
Scientific method ppt
This document outlines the scientific method process. It begins by defining the scientific method and its purpose to prove or disprove hypotheses through experimentation and observation. It then lists the typical steps of the scientific method: 1) Ask a question, 2) Observe, 3) Form a hypothesis, 4) Experiment and collect data, 5) Interpret data, and 6) Draw a conclusion. Each step is then explained in more detail, outlining best practices and examples. The document concludes by providing homework for students to design and conduct their own experiment using the scientific method.
Scientific Method
The document outlines the steps of the scientific method which include:
1) Developing a question or problem
2) Making observations and researching the topic
3) Predicting a possible answer in the form of a hypothesis
4) Developing and following a procedure for an experiment
5) Collecting and analyzing results and modifying the procedure if needed
6) Stating whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejected based on conclusions
7) Communicating the results to others
Scientific method procedures (Teach)
This is the second of a two part lesson on the scientific method. The earlier lesson was all about variables and this one focuses more on the procedures of the scientific method, at about the 5th and 6th grade level.
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Scientific Methodintro
The scientific method is the process scientists use to answer questions and solve problems. It involves 5 key steps:
1) Ask a question and research background information
2) Make an educated hypothesis or prediction of the answer
3) Design and conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis
4) Record, organize, and analyze the results and data
5) Draw a conclusion on whether the hypothesis was confirmed or not based on the results
The goal is to gather objective evidence that either supports or disproves the initial hypothesis through a reproducible experiment.
Scientific method
The document outlines the basic steps of the scientific method which include observing phenomena, asking questions, forming testable hypotheses, designing controlled experiments to test hypotheses, collecting and recording data, analyzing results, and reporting conclusions.
Scientific method
The document describes the scientific method, which involves 7 key steps: 1) making observations and asking questions, 2) developing hypotheses, 3) experimentation, 4) analyzing results, 5) drawing conclusions, 6) communicating results, and 7) making further observations. It then provides more details on each step, including defining independent and dependent variables, the purpose of a control group, and keeping other factors constant. An example is given of an experiment testing the effect of sugar amounts on bread size.
Scientific Method Notes
The scientific method is a systematic process used to investigate questions and develop answers. It involves stating a problem, conducting research, developing a hypothesis, experimentation, analysis of data, and communication of findings. The goal is to obtain accurate, unbiased results. Key aspects of the scientific method include developing a hypothesis, conducting controlled experiments that vary one variable at a time, collecting and analyzing quantitative data, and drawing conclusions based on whether the data supports or rejects the initial hypothesis.
Missed notes (08 15 to 08 17)
1. The document provides an overview of key concepts in the scientific method including defining a problem, developing a hypothesis, designing an experiment with independent and dependent variables, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing a conclusion.
2. It also discusses biological concepts such as the definition of biology and examples of quantitative and qualitative observations.
3. The scientific method is outlined as a seven step process and examples of hypotheses, variables, controls, and experiments are provided.
Scientific method ppt
This document outlines the scientific method process. It begins by defining the scientific method and its purpose to prove or disprove hypotheses through experimentation and observation. It then lists the typical steps of the scientific method: 1) Ask a question, 2) Observe, 3) Form a hypothesis, 4) Experiment and collect data, 5) Interpret data, and 6) Draw a conclusion. Each step is then explained in more detail, outlining best practices and examples. The document concludes by providing homework for students to design and conduct their own experiment using the scientific method.
Scientific Method
The document outlines the steps of the scientific method which include:
1) Developing a question or problem
2) Making observations and researching the topic
3) Predicting a possible answer in the form of a hypothesis
4) Developing and following a procedure for an experiment
5) Collecting and analyzing results and modifying the procedure if needed
6) Stating whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejected based on conclusions
7) Communicating the results to others
Scientific method procedures (Teach)
This is the second of a two part lesson on the scientific method. The earlier lesson was all about variables and this one focuses more on the procedures of the scientific method, at about the 5th and 6th grade level.
The steps of the scientific method
The scientific method involves making observations, forming a testable hypothesis, experimentally testing the hypothesis through controlled experiments, analyzing the results to draw conclusions, and potentially developing a theory if the hypothesis is supported. The key steps are making observations, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis through controlled experiments, and drawing conclusions to either support the hypothesis or form a new one.
Aug. 17 2011 (scientific method)
1. The document outlines the agenda and objectives for a biology class, including discussing the steps of the scientific method and key terms like hypothesis, variables, and controls.
2. It defines a hypothesis as an "educated guess" about the relationship between an independent and dependent variable, usually written as an "if/then" statement.
3. The independent variable is the factor intentionally changed in an experiment, while the dependent variable is the factor that may change as a result; controls keep outside factors the same to isolate the experimental variables.
Scientific method step by step
The document outlines the steps of the scientific method which include making observations and formulating a research question, developing a hypothesis to test, designing and conducting an experiment to collect measurable results, analyzing and drawing a conclusion about whether the results support or reject the hypothesis, and communicating the results. The scientific method is used to systematically investigate phenomena in nature.
Scientific method powerpoint.php
The document provides an introduction to science and the scientific method. It defines science as using observation to discover facts and form principles that can be tested. It explains that physical science studies non-living matter, including chemistry which examines interactions between forms of matter, and physics which examines energy and its effects on matter. The scientific method is then described as a step-by-step process scientists use to answer questions, involving asking questions, researching, forming hypotheses, testing, gathering data, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions.
Scientific Method
Scientific investigations follow a standard process:
1) Ask a question and form a hypothesis to make a prediction about the outcome.
2) Design an experiment to test the hypothesis by manipulating variables and collecting data through observation and measurement.
3) Analyze the results to determine whether the data supports or refutes the original hypothesis.
Chapter 1 section 2 ppt
1) Scientists first work to clearly identify the problem and may find the problem is easy to identify or that multiple problems need solving.
2) Problems can be solved through descriptive research using observation or experimental research using controlled testing of hypotheses.
3) Experimental research involves forming a hypothesis, identifying variables, using controls, conducting multiple trials, and analyzing results to see if the data support the hypothesis.
7th Grade Scientific method notes
The scientific method is a process for gathering and evaluating information through observation and experimentation. It involves making an observation, asking a question, researching background information, developing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis through experimentation, analyzing data collected, and reporting conclusions. The key steps are to identify variables, form a testable hypothesis, design an experiment to test the hypothesis by manipulating variables and collecting data, then analyzing results to evaluate if they support the original hypothesis.
Scientific method
The document outlines the scientific method and provides an example of Francesco Redi's experiment on spontaneous generation. It discusses the 10 main steps of the scientific method: 1) making observations, 2) asking questions, 3) conducting research, 4) stating hypotheses, 5) experimentation, 6) collecting and recording data, 7) analyzing data, 8) drawing conclusions, 9) determining limitations, and 10) publishing results. It then summarizes Redi's experiment which aimed to disprove spontaneous generation through a controlled experiment comparing jars of meat covered and uncovered, observing that maggots only formed on uncovered meat exposed to flies.
Science And Scientific Method
The document provides an overview of science and the scientific method. It discusses that science is the study and testing of general truths and laws through the scientific method. There are three main branches of science: physical science, earth and space science, and life science. The scientific method involves identifying a problem, making observations, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis through experiments, and forming a conclusion based on the results.
Stats Workshop2010
1. The document introduces statistical analysis and the scientific method, including deductive and inductive reasoning approaches.
2. It discusses experimental design, observational studies, and the importance of gathering sufficient data to draw meaningful conclusions.
3. Guidelines are provided for statistical analysis techniques including summarizing data, forming hypotheses to test, and using common fundamental methods such as t-tests, regression, and analysis of variance.
Scientific Inquiry
Science is the process of gaining knowledge through scientific inquiry, which involves posing questions, developing hypotheses, designing experiments, collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and communicating results. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation that can be tested, while a scientific theory is a well-supported explanation that has withstood repeated testing but may later be modified or abandoned if evidence does not support it. Scientific laws describe observable patterns or relationships but do not explain why something occurs.
Scientific Method
The scientific method is a process for conducting scientific investigations that involves asking a question, formulating a hypothesis, conducting an experiment, analyzing data, and drawing a conclusion. It involves making an educated guess about how things work, designing an experiment to test the hypothesis by changing one variable at a time, recording data in an organized table, analyzing the data by calculating averages and looking for trends, and determining whether the results accept or reject the original hypothesis.
Sm
The scientific method is a process used to investigate questions about the natural world through observation and experimentation. It involves formulating a hypothesis, conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis, analyzing the results, and communicating the conclusions. There are several versions of the scientific method, but they all begin with identifying a problem and include developing an experiment to gather data to evaluate the initial hypothesis.
How to remember the 7 steps of the scientific method
The document explains the seven steps of the scientific method: 1) identify a problem, 2) conduct research, 3) form a hypothesis, 4) perform an experiment, 5) make observations, 6) draw conclusions, and 7) share results. It provides an example of applying these steps to test if mice grow larger when given vitamin C, finding that the hypothesis is rejected since both test and control groups remained the same size. Key variables like the independent, dependent, control and experimental groups are also defined.
Engaging Students in Mathematics and Computational Thinking in the Classroom
The document summarizes a presentation about engaging middle school science students in mathematics and computational thinking through the use of predictive graphing. It discusses how predictive graphing can scaffold student understanding of SEP 5 (Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking). The presentation guides teachers to have students explore and graph frequency data about antibiotic resistance over generations, make predictions about how the data would change with a new antibiotic, and reflect on how this relates to developing explanations for changes in species survival.
Scientific method
The document outlines the steps of the scientific method which include asking a question, conducting research observations, formulating a hypothesis, performing an experiment, collecting and analyzing results, and drawing a conclusion. It provides details on each step, such as developing a measurable and quantifiable experiment to test the hypothesis, collecting data through tables and graphs, and communicating findings to others.
Scientific method
The document outlines the scientific method, which it describes as the procedure adopted by scientists for investigation. It discusses both the logical and technical processes involved. The logical process involves mental activities like observation and reasoning, while the technical process comprises measurement, experimentation, and other actions. It then lists and explains the key steps of the scientific method, including sensing a problem, defining it, analyzing it, collecting and interpreting data, forming hypotheses, drawing conclusions, and applying generalizations.
Scientific Method.pdf
The document outlines the scientific method of research in 7 steps: (1) identify a problem and ask a question, (2) conduct research to gather information, (3) form a hypothesis, (4) perform an experiment, (5) analyze the data and results, (6) draw a conclusion, and (7) communicate the results. It provides an example of using this method to answer the question "Why is the sky blue?" The hypothesis is that particles in the sky refract and scatter blue light. An experiment is proposed to test this using a prism to separate white light into colors. The results would support the conclusion that blue light is scattered in the sky.
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The document outlines the basic steps of the scientific method, which is a systematic process for acquiring knowledge through observation and experimentation. It consists of 7 steps: 1) making an observation, 2) asking a question, 3) researching background information, 4) developing a hypothesis, 5) testing the hypothesis through an experiment, 6) analyzing the collected data, and 7) drawing a conclusion and sharing the results. The scientific method provides a logical way to solve problems and answer questions through empirical investigation and experimentation.
ScientificMethodManiaV1.docx
This document outlines a week-long lesson plan on the scientific method for 7th grade life science students. The lesson includes 5 days of instruction using PowerPoint presentations, guided notes, worksheets, and a lab experiment. On day 1, students learn the steps of the scientific method. Day 2 focuses on aligning experiments with the steps. On day 3, students write hypotheses and procedures. A freshwater vs. saltwater lab is conducted on day 4. Day 5 involves a quiz and reviewing conclusions from the lab. The goal is for students to understand and apply the scientific method to develop hypotheses and communicate conclusions.
G7 Consolidation Camp_Day12_L1-SC.pptx
The document provides information about a consolidation learning camp for foundational science. It discusses a lesson on scientific investigation and the importance of fair testing. It defines scientific investigation as a quest to find answers to questions using the scientific method. It then outlines the typical steps of the scientific method, including observation, stating the problem, developing a hypothesis, experimentation, data analysis, and drawing a conclusion. It provides an example question for students to practice applying their understanding of scientific investigation.
Research notes B.sc nursing 4rth year +919887888167
Nursing research is important to develop the scientific foundation of clinical practice and provide evidence-based care. The scientific method involves asking questions, conducting background research, developing hypotheses, experimentation, analysis of data, and communication of results. Nursing research helps build standards of care, scientific knowledge, and high quality evidence-based practice. Identifying a clear research problem is the first step in the scientific research process.
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The steps of the scientific method
The scientific method involves making observations, forming a testable hypothesis, experimentally testing the hypothesis through controlled experiments, analyzing the results to draw conclusions, and potentially developing a theory if the hypothesis is supported. The key steps are making observations, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis through controlled experiments, and drawing conclusions to either support the hypothesis or form a new one.
Aug. 17 2011 (scientific method)
1. The document outlines the agenda and objectives for a biology class, including discussing the steps of the scientific method and key terms like hypothesis, variables, and controls.
2. It defines a hypothesis as an "educated guess" about the relationship between an independent and dependent variable, usually written as an "if/then" statement.
3. The independent variable is the factor intentionally changed in an experiment, while the dependent variable is the factor that may change as a result; controls keep outside factors the same to isolate the experimental variables.
Scientific method step by step
The document outlines the steps of the scientific method which include making observations and formulating a research question, developing a hypothesis to test, designing and conducting an experiment to collect measurable results, analyzing and drawing a conclusion about whether the results support or reject the hypothesis, and communicating the results. The scientific method is used to systematically investigate phenomena in nature.
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The document provides an introduction to science and the scientific method. It defines science as using observation to discover facts and form principles that can be tested. It explains that physical science studies non-living matter, including chemistry which examines interactions between forms of matter, and physics which examines energy and its effects on matter. The scientific method is then described as a step-by-step process scientists use to answer questions, involving asking questions, researching, forming hypotheses, testing, gathering data, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions.
Scientific Method
Scientific investigations follow a standard process:
1) Ask a question and form a hypothesis to make a prediction about the outcome.
2) Design an experiment to test the hypothesis by manipulating variables and collecting data through observation and measurement.
3) Analyze the results to determine whether the data supports or refutes the original hypothesis.
Chapter 1 section 2 ppt
1) Scientists first work to clearly identify the problem and may find the problem is easy to identify or that multiple problems need solving.
2) Problems can be solved through descriptive research using observation or experimental research using controlled testing of hypotheses.
3) Experimental research involves forming a hypothesis, identifying variables, using controls, conducting multiple trials, and analyzing results to see if the data support the hypothesis.
7th Grade Scientific method notes
The scientific method is a process for gathering and evaluating information through observation and experimentation. It involves making an observation, asking a question, researching background information, developing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis through experimentation, analyzing data collected, and reporting conclusions. The key steps are to identify variables, form a testable hypothesis, design an experiment to test the hypothesis by manipulating variables and collecting data, then analyzing results to evaluate if they support the original hypothesis.
Scientific method
The document outlines the scientific method and provides an example of Francesco Redi's experiment on spontaneous generation. It discusses the 10 main steps of the scientific method: 1) making observations, 2) asking questions, 3) conducting research, 4) stating hypotheses, 5) experimentation, 6) collecting and recording data, 7) analyzing data, 8) drawing conclusions, 9) determining limitations, and 10) publishing results. It then summarizes Redi's experiment which aimed to disprove spontaneous generation through a controlled experiment comparing jars of meat covered and uncovered, observing that maggots only formed on uncovered meat exposed to flies.
Science And Scientific Method
The document provides an overview of science and the scientific method. It discusses that science is the study and testing of general truths and laws through the scientific method. There are three main branches of science: physical science, earth and space science, and life science. The scientific method involves identifying a problem, making observations, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis through experiments, and forming a conclusion based on the results.
Stats Workshop2010
1. The document introduces statistical analysis and the scientific method, including deductive and inductive reasoning approaches.
2. It discusses experimental design, observational studies, and the importance of gathering sufficient data to draw meaningful conclusions.
3. Guidelines are provided for statistical analysis techniques including summarizing data, forming hypotheses to test, and using common fundamental methods such as t-tests, regression, and analysis of variance.
Scientific Inquiry
Science is the process of gaining knowledge through scientific inquiry, which involves posing questions, developing hypotheses, designing experiments, collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and communicating results. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation that can be tested, while a scientific theory is a well-supported explanation that has withstood repeated testing but may later be modified or abandoned if evidence does not support it. Scientific laws describe observable patterns or relationships but do not explain why something occurs.
Scientific Method
The scientific method is a process for conducting scientific investigations that involves asking a question, formulating a hypothesis, conducting an experiment, analyzing data, and drawing a conclusion. It involves making an educated guess about how things work, designing an experiment to test the hypothesis by changing one variable at a time, recording data in an organized table, analyzing the data by calculating averages and looking for trends, and determining whether the results accept or reject the original hypothesis.
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The document explains the seven steps of the scientific method: 1) identify a problem, 2) conduct research, 3) form a hypothesis, 4) perform an experiment, 5) make observations, 6) draw conclusions, and 7) share results. It provides an example of applying these steps to test if mice grow larger when given vitamin C, finding that the hypothesis is rejected since both test and control groups remained the same size. Key variables like the independent, dependent, control and experimental groups are also defined.
Engaging Students in Mathematics and Computational Thinking in the Classroom
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The document outlines the steps of the scientific method which include asking a question, conducting research observations, formulating a hypothesis, performing an experiment, collecting and analyzing results, and drawing a conclusion. It provides details on each step, such as developing a measurable and quantifiable experiment to test the hypothesis, collecting data through tables and graphs, and communicating findings to others.
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5. C
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Q3 l11-charging process
Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom and are generally negatively charged. Protons are positively charged and combine with electrons and neutrons to form atoms. Neutrons have no charge and determine the isotope of an element. Atoms consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons, which are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. When an element gains protons, it acquires a positive charge, while gaining electrons gives a negative charge. Charging by contact occurs when a charged object transfers some of its charge to a neutral object they touch. Induction charging can also occur without direct contact when a charged object polarizes a nearby neutral object.
Q3 l10-electricity
Electricity is a form of energy made up of charges that can produce light, heat, or motion. There are two kinds of electricity: static, which is an electric charge that collects on objects, and current, which is the flow of electric charges through conductors like wires. Electricity produces forces of attraction or repulsion between charged objects through an electric field.
Q3 l9-modes of heat transfer
Heat is transferred in three ways: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the direct contact and transfer of heat between particles. Convection involves the transfer of heat by fluid movement, such as warm air rising. Radiation transfers heat through electromagnetic waves and can occur over distances without a medium. The coffee cup will cool to room temperature through conduction and convection, while the popsicle will melt and warm through these processes.
Q3 l8-light
1) This document covers properties of light and sound, including how light travels faster than sound, is reflected to allow vision, and can be refracted. It also discusses how color is perceived and the basics of hearing including pitch and amplitude. 2) Reflection of light follows the law that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, while refraction occurs when light bends as it travels through different mediums like air and water. 3) The ear contains the outer, middle and inner sections including the eardrum, bones, and cochlea to detect vibrations and transmit sound signals to the brain.
Q3 l7-musical intruments
This document classifies different musical instruments into three categories: wind instruments like the clarinet and trumpet, string instruments like the harp, and percussion instruments like the tuba.
Q3 l6-sounds
Sound is a mechanical wave that requires a medium, such as air, to travel. It is produced when an object vibrates, exerting a force on the surrounding medium and creating compressions and rarefactions that transfer energy as a wave. The denser the medium, the faster sound can travel. The human ear can detect sounds from 20-20,000 Hz but other animals can hear higher or lower frequencies. Loudness is measured in decibels, and prolonged exposure to very loud sounds can damage hearing.
Q3 l5-waves
Waves are traveling disturbances that carry energy through a medium. They have characteristics such as amplitude, wavelength, frequency, period, and speed. Transverse waves have a perpendicular particle motion relative to the wave, while longitudinal waves have a parallel particle motion. Surface waves cause circular motion near the surface of a medium. Electromagnetic waves can transmit energy through a vacuum, unlike mechanical waves like sound.
Q3 l3-diagram and graphs
This document contains multiple choice questions about identifying different types of motion, including decreasing speed, increasing speed, constant speed, and zero speed, based on dot diagrams and motion graphs. The questions ask the reader to analyze dot diagrams and motion graphs and select the best description of the motion shown.
Q3 l2-distance and displacement
Distance refers to the total length of the path traveled by an object, while displacement refers to the straight line distance between the object's starting and ending positions, regardless of the actual path taken. Distance takes into account the entire route, whereas displacement looks only at the net change in position from beginning to end.
Q3 l1-motion
This document discusses describing and representing motion. It explains that an object is in motion when its position changes over time. Motion can be described using diagrams with coordinates or graphs by plotting an object's position over time. The document provides an example of converting a diagram showing an object's changing position into a position-time graph through a data table and connecting the points with a straight line.
Q2 l6-levels of biological organization
The document discusses the different levels of biological organization from lowest to highest: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and the biosphere. It provides descriptions and examples of each level. Activities are included where students identify levels of organization from images and fill in blanks with the correct biological term. The purpose is to teach students about the hierarchical organization of living things from cells to the entire biosphere.
Q2 l5-comparing plant and animal cell
This document compares and contrasts plant and animal cells. It provides pictures and diagrams of plant and animal cells along with their organelles. A table directly compares key organelles between plant and animal cells such as plant cells having a cell wall and chloroplasts while animal cells have centrioles and lysosomes. The document guides students to label cell parts, compare cells using a Venn diagram, and answer questions about plant and animal cell structures.
Q2 l4-cell parts and its function
This document contains lesson materials about cell parts and their functions. It includes activities for students to observe bubbles in a bottle and locate cell organelles. It also provides information about different cell organelles, including their names, functions and nicknames. Finally, it instructs students to create a cell model using materials from home and shows an example.
Q2 l3-basic unit of life
The document discusses the history and basic concepts of cells. It describes how Robert Hooke first observed "cells" in 1665 using a microscope to examine cork. Anton van Leeuwenhoek then observed living cells in 1673 using a simple microscope. In the 1830s, scientists Matthias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann, and Rudolph Virchow developed the cell theory, which states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms, and cells come from pre-existing cells. The document then describes the basic structures and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Q2 l2-microscope
The document describes the main parts of a compound microscope. It is divided into three sections: mechanical, illuminating, and magnifying parts. The mechanical part includes the body tube, stage, nosepiece, and adjustment knobs. The illuminating part consists of the mirror and diaphragm. The magnifying part contains the objectives and eyepiece lenses.
Lesson 9 acids and bases
Acids and bases are defined by whether they release H+ or OH- ions in water. Strong acids and bases dissociate completely, while weak ones only partially dissociate. Acids taste sour, react with carbonates and metals to produce gas, and contain hydrogen. Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, and contain hydroxide ions. The pH scale measures acidity and alkalinity, with values below 7 indicating acids and above 7 indicating bases. Acid-base indicators change color at specific pH levels, allowing identification of acids and bases. When acids and bases neutralize, they form water and salts.
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Lesson 2 scientific method
- 2. Jens Martensson 2 Activity 1: Arrange Me! Below are steps in scientific investigation, arrange the following steps in the proper order. Use numbers 1-7 (1 being the first step and 7 as the last step). ______________ a. Find out the problem ____________ b. Observe and record ____________ c. Make a hypothesis/ temporary solution or answer ____________ d. Communicate the result ____________ e. Identify the problem ____________ f. Arrive at a conclusion/ making of general statement ____________ g. Test the hypothesis 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
- 4. Jens Martensson I. Identifying Problems The first step in scientific investigations is to identify a problem in a given situation. This problem comes when a researcher is curious or interested about something he/she has observed in the environment. 4
- 5. Jens Martensson II. Making Observations The process of science starts with an observation within the surrounding of a researcher. In this step, the scientist will research and make observations regarding the problem. 5
- 6. Jens Martensson III. Forming a Hypothesis In this step, you will give temporary solutions to the identified problem. 6
- 7. Jens Martensson IV. Hypothesis The next scientific step you are going to is to test your hypothesis. Some hypothesis may be tested simply by further observations or take an elaborate and tedious process as in the experiment. 7
- 8. Jens Martensson V. Organize and Analyze Data After performing an experiment and collecting data, one must analyze the data. Research experiments usually analyzed data with statistical software in order to determine the relationships among the data gathered. In the case of a simpler experiment, one would look at the data and see how they show a relationship. 8
- 9. Jens Martensson VI. Draw Conclusions The next step of scientific investigation is to form a conclusion. If the data support the hypothesis, then the hypothesis is correct and may be the explanation for the phenomena. If the data do not support the hypothesis, then more observations must be made, a new hypothesis is formed, and the scientific investigation is used all over again. 9
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- 11. Jens Martensson 11 Steps in Scientific Investigation 1st Step 2nd Step 3rd Step 4th Step 5th Step ??? ??? ??? ??? 6th Step 7th Step
- 12. Launch