10. SAGE AND SCRIBE
1. You will be divided into 4 groups.
2. Each group will be assigned a topic, and of course you will be given
fact sheets.
3. Your group will be given 10 minutes to discuss your assigned topic
among the members.
4. After the given time, you will choose a member who will play as the
sage. The sage will discuss your assigned topic to the other
groups, while the rest of the members will be the scribes, for they
will listen to the sages of the other groups.
5. Each sage will have to discuss to each of the other groups for 7
minutes.
6. After all of the groups will be by the sage, he or she will go back to
his or her group.
11. 1. ORGANIZATION
It is the framework of writing. It is
achieved when there is a clear statement
of purpose, position, facts, examples,
specific details, definitions, explanation,
justifications, or opposing viewpoints.
Thus, ideas are logically and accurately
presented.
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12. 20XX presentation title 12
WHAT ARE THE MAIN PARTS OF AN ESSAY?
•The introduction. This is where the subject or topic is
introduced. The big picture, points, and ideas are briefly
written here. (Thesis statement is written)
•The body. All the main ideas, topics, and subject are
discussed here in details. This also includes evidence
or information that support the essay.
•The conclusion. The last part of an essay and usually
summarizes the overall topic or ideas of an essay
14. To organize the ideas in a text, a
writer should create an outline before
writing. Outline can be considered as a
“road map” of your writing. It helps to
keep the writer in track when putting
all the different paragraphs in a
composition. Moreover, an outline
presents the order of the subtopics.
22. 2. COHERENCE AND COHESION
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COHERENCE
is defined as the quality of
being logical, consistent,
and able to be understood.
Imagine coherence as a
building
THE UNITY OF IDEAS
COHESION
on the other hand refers to the
act of forming a whole unit. It is
effectively a subset of
coherence. Picture cohesion as
the bricks and cement
which make up the building.
THE UNITY OF
SENTENCES
23. You can have cohesion without coherence but
you cannot have coherence without cohesion.
Example:
“I bought some hummus to eat with celery.
Green vegetables can boost your metabolism.
The Australian Greens is a political party. I
couldn’t decide what to wear to the new year’s
party.”
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32. 3. LANGUAGE USE
It is one of the most precise indicators of a well-
written text. It enables writers to effectively
communicate ideas without confusing the reader.
It is the appropriateness of words or vocabulary
usage.
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37. Athletes need to stay
hydrated. You can choose
plain water from a fountain,
but you might prefer to drink
that adds electrolytes so that
your performance is optimal.
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38. When writing academic
paper or formal essays, do
not contract words like it’s,
I’m, you’re, and etc. SPELL IT
OUT!
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40. PUNCTUATION
A. COMMA
1. Use comma to separate items in a
series.
2. Use comma to separate
coordinate adjectives.
3. Use comma to separate long
clauses joined by conjunctions
(FANBOYS). However, you can omit
the comma if the clauses are short.
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These rules are derived from the different properties of a written text.
Property: quality or trait belonging to something
Imagine you enter a room and you see this. What would you feel?
How about this?
In short, it is the structural framework in writing
It is the logical progression and completeness of ideas in a text. How the ideas are presented.
Balay = organization
How to organized ideas in a write-up or in an essay?
CREATE AN OUTLINE OR A ROADMAP
The thesis statement covers the entire argument/the primary point of the paper.
2. The topic sentences give the main point(s) of individual body paragraphs and, in turn, support a part of the argument/primary point of the thesis.
COHESION – FOCUSES ON THE GRAMMART, SYNTAX – THE ARRANGEMENT OF WORDS
COHERENCE – FOCUSES ON THE SEMANTICS – THE MEANING
Example: I AM A SOAP. GRAMATICALLY CORRECT BUT DOESN’T MAKE SENSE.
Example: Yesterday, I went to the zoo with my friends. When we were walking, we saw a flying carabao. Grammatically correct but does not make sense.
DOES THE EXAMPLE MAKE SENSE?
In the example above, there are lexical links from one sentence to the next; cohesive ties are used to join the sentences. There is evidence of lexical repetition, ‘green’ ‘party’ and collocations, ‘new years’.
However, this string of sentences do not make any sense; there is no binding semantic link. This is an example of cohesion without coherence.
In short, it is the structural framework in writing
It is the logical progression and completeness of ideas in a text. How the ideas are presented.
Balay = organization
HIGHLIGH NUMBER 5
Avoid cliches
Consitent dapat ang pronouns
What’s wrong with this??? Mali ang pronoun na gigamit.
In short, it is the structural framework in writing
It is the logical progression and completeness of ideas in a text. How the ideas are presented.
Balay = organization
2. Example: what a thoughtful, generous gift!
He is a happy, lively, and playful dog.
A semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought.
Hyphen
Em-dash – shows a break in a sentence
The em-dash can be used to replace parentheses, colons, and commas.
En dash – period of time; rang of numbers
