The document discusses various topics related to pregnancy including prenatal care, the phases of pregnancy, birth, caring for pregnant women, breastfeeding, and lactation. It provides information on teenage pregnancy, labor and its three stages, cutting the umbilical cord, delivering the placenta, and a mother's role during and after pregnancy including avoiding vices and stress. Newborn screening and the benefits of breastfeeding for both immunity and nutrition are also covered. [/SUMMARY]

1. Pregnancy-
Related Concerns and
Pre-natal Care

2. Pregnancy is the time when a new
cell is formed during fertilization,
grows and develops into a baby in
the woman’s uterus. From the time
that the ovum and the sperm cell
unite until the end of the eight
week, the developing human is
called embryo.

3. Teenage Pregnancy (Mccoy and
Wibbelsman, 1992: 235-236)
An unplanned and unwanted
pregnancy can cause emotional
anguish, possible health risks, and
in some cases, limited life options.

4. Phases of pregnancy
The first trimester of pregnancy lasts
from week 1 through week 12. Your
first sign of pregnancy may be a
missed menstrual period.

5. The second trimester of pregnancy (from
week 13 to week 27) is the time when most
women start to look pregnant and may
begin to wear maternity clothes.

6. By 16 weeks, the top of your uterus,
called the fundus, will be about
halfway between your pubic bone and
your navel.
By 27 weeks, the fundus will be
about 2 in. (5 cm) or more above your
navel.

7. The third trimester lasts from week
28 to the birth. Many women have
some discomfort during this time
as their belly gets bigger. Sleep
problems are common during this
period.

8. BIRTH
The passage of a baby from its
mother’s uterus to the outside of her
body is called birth. During birth, the
uterus contracts many times and
pushes the baby through the vagina
and outside the mother’s body.

9. Labor is the process that lasts from
the time contractions starts until
the delivery of the child and the
placenta. Labor lasts a different
amount of time for every woman
and every pregnancy.

10. 3 Distinct stages of Labor:
1st Stage – Begins with the first
contraction and last until the cervix
has opened enough to allow the
baby to pass through. Contraction
happens every few minutes and lasts
a minute.

11. 2nd Stage – Starts when the cervix is
completely epen and lasts until the
baby is delivered. During this
period, contraction happens every
2-3 minutes.

12. After the baby is born, the doctor cuts
the umbilical cord. Healthy babies
breathe and cry almost immediately.

13. 3rd Stage – This is the final stage of
labor. It is when the placenta is
delivered. In this stage, the
mother’s uterine contractions push
the placenta or “afterbirths” out of
her body. At this time, the birth is
completed.

14. Mother’s role during and
after pregnancy:
1.Avoid vices such as smoking and
drinking alcoholic beverages.
2.Avoid stressful activities.
3.See to it that she gets the necessary
pre-natal and post natal check-up.
4.Do exercises like walking, yoga, etc.
5. Eat nutritious food.

15. HOW TO TAKE CARE OF A PREGNANT WOMAN
Pregnant woman should be taken care of
properly by doing the following:
1.Accompany a pregnant woman in a
daily exercise for motivation.
2.Give fruits, vegetables, and lots of
water.

16. 3.Listening to music gives a pregnant
woman as well as the baby in her
womb relaxation.
4. Let her sleep on her left side.
5. Go together with a pregnant
woman during check-ups.

17. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9288
AN ACT PROMULGATING A
COMPREHENSIVE POLICY AND A
NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR ENSURING
NEWBORN SCREENING
Newborn means a child from the time of
complete delivery to 30 days old.

18. BREASTFEEDING
It is the traditional and ideal
form of infant feeding, meeting
an infant’s nutritional needs for
his first four to six months of life.
Human milk is clean. It lowers the
risk of intestinal illness and
general infection.

19. Mother’s milk provides a host of
protective factors both cellular and
hormonal. Breastmilk contains
antibodies that helps the immune
system of the infant strong. It is
non-allergenic and easily digested.

20. LACTATION
It is the period of milk production initiated by
the prolactin hormone in the mammary
glands. The mother’s milk is bluish and watery.
It has approximately 67 Kcalories / 100 mL or
20 kcalories/ oz. and 1.2 grams protein per
100 mL An average of 850 mL of mother’s milk
is produced everyday.

21. The first thick yellowish fluid that
comes out from second to the fifth
day after delivery is called colostrum.
It should be given to all newborns
because of its high protein contents.
Healthy childcare entails
breastfeeding of the baby

22. Activity: 50 word Essay
1. With what you have learned today about
pregnancy and birth. Do you think you are ready to
be a parent?
2. After knowing the responsibility during
pregnancy; Do you want to have a child? Why or
Why not?
3.When do you think you will be ready to have
your own child.