The document discusses human fertilization and teenage pregnancy. It begins by explaining that fertilization occurs when a sperm and egg combine to form a single cell called a zygote, initiating prenatal development. It then discusses the risks of teenage pregnancy, noting that teens under 15 face higher risks of death during childbirth and their babies are more likely to be born prematurely or with low birth weight. The document provides several statistics on the challenges teenage mothers face, such as lower education levels, unemployment, and higher risks of poverty and relationship issues. It emphasizes that a teenage girl's body may not be fully ready for the stresses of pregnancy and childbirth.

1. INTRODUCTION
After marriage, a couple’s desire is
to build a family. Humans are reproduced
through sexual reproduction. In this kind
of reproduction, the reproductive cells of
man and woman join together to make a
new human cell. This process is called
fertilization.

2. Pregnancy-Related
Concerns
and
Prenatal Care
TEENAGE PREGNANCY

3. Fertilizationis a reproductive process wherein
half of the genes of the father and mother
combine to form a single cell. Human fertilization is
the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring in the
ampulla of the uterine tube. The result of this union is the
production of a zygote cell, or fertilized egg, initiating prenatal
development.

5. Teenage Pregnancy
An unplanned and unwanted pregnancy can
cause possible health risks, and in some cases,
limited life options. Teenage pregnancies are
premature because they occur in mothers who may be
too young and/or immature to care for a child. In such
cases, the mother may be so young endangering
pregnancy.

6. Statistics about Teenage
Pregnancy

7. 1. Teens 15 and younger, face a 60% higher risk of
death during pregnancy and child birth than young
mothers on the age of 20.
2. Babies born to young teenage mothers are two to
three times more likely to die during their first year than
babies born to older mothers.
3. Teen mothers are twice more likely to have low birth
weight infants (at risk for physical and mental defects
as well as increased risk of dying).
4. Seventy percent of teen mothers get no medical
care at all during critical first months of pregnancy and
25% get no prenatal care at all. This is specifically
dangerous because, while a teen may be able to
conceive a baby, her body may not be quite ready for
the stresses of pregnancy and child birth.

8. 5. Even with good prenatal care, teenager mothers are
more likely to have premature labor and to deliver low
birth-weight babies.
6. Young teen mothers are likely to drop out of school and
face high risk of unemployment, poverty, and dependence
on parents.
7. If they marry due to pregnancy, their risk of break up or
separation is high.
8. The young mother is more likely to be angered and
disillusioned by her baby’s demands and may become an
abusive parent.

9. Changes in the Mother’s Body
During pregnancy, a woman’s body undergoes many
changes. As soon as implantation happens, the mother’s uterus
releases special hormones, which is only released by the
woman’s body during pregnancy. Some of the hormones
produced by the pregnant woman’s body makes her nauseated,
this situation is called “morning sickness” and usually last for 3
months. The same hormones make the woman’s breast enlarge
and prepare to produce milk.
Over the 9-month period, the woman’s uterus stretches
to hold a full-sized newborn baby. This stretching makes her
abdomen get larger. A pregnant woman also experiences
swelling of legs, difficulty in sleeping, restlessness, and
irritability as the fetus gets larger. Many woman, feel clumsy or
uncomfortable too because of the changes that taking place.

10. Nourishing the Baby
Almost everything that goes into the mother’s body
enters her bloodstream and goes to the placenta. The
placenta is an organ that grows in the woman’s uterus
during pregnancy and allows nutrients, gases, and wastes
to be exchanged between the mother and the fetus. The
mother’s blood circulates on one side of the placenta,
while the fetus blood circulates on the other side.
Nutrients, fluids, and oxygen flow through the membrane
from the mother to the fetus. Waste products and carbon
dioxide flow across the placenta from the fetus to the
mother.
During pregnancy, the fetus gets its nutrition from
food the mother eats. To ensure the health of the fetus,
the mother needs to eat healthy foods and take special
vitamins. She should get regular medical check-ups to
protect her health and the health of the growing fetus.

11. Phases of pregnancy
The first trimester of pregnancy lasts from week 1 through
week 12. Your first sign of pregnancy may be a missed menstrual
period.
The second trimester of pregnancy (from week 13 to week 27)
is the time when most women start to look pregnant and may begin to
wear maternity clothes. By 16 weeks, the top of your uterus, called the
fundus, will be about halfway between your pubic bone and your
navel. By 27 weeks, the fundus will be about 2 in. (5 cm) or more
above your navel.
You may find that the second trimester is the easiest part of
pregnancy. For some women, the breast tenderness, morning sickness,
and fatigue of the first trimester ease up or disappear during the
second trimester, while the physical discomforts of late pregnancy
have yet to start. Pressure on your bladder may be less as the uterus
grows up out of the pelvis.
The third trimester lasts from week 28 to the birth. Many
women have some discomfort during this time as their belly gets
bigger. Sleep problems are common during this period.

12. First trimester Second trimester Third trimester
Descriptions
characterizing
condition
 Fatigue
 Breast tenderness
 Increased urination
 Fullness or mild
aching in your
lower abdomen
 Nausea with or
without vomiting,
also known
as morning sickness
 Breast changes
 Leg cramps
 Back pain
 Pelvic ache and hip pain
 Stretch marks and other
skin changes
 Hemorrhoids and
constipation
 Heartburn (also a symptom
of gastroesophageal reflux
disease, or
 Nosebleeds and bleeding
gums
 Hand pain, numbness, or
weakness (carpal tunnel
syndrome)
 Braxton Hicks contractions,
which are "warm-up"
contractions that do not thin
and open the cervix (do not
lead to labor)
 Braxton Hicks contractions, which are
"warm-up" contractions that do not thin and
open the cervix (do not lead to labor)
 Fatigue
 Back pain
 Pelvic ache and hip pain
 Hemorrhoids and constipation
 Heartburn
 Breathing difficulty, the expanding uterus is
just below the rib cage, leaving lungs less
room to expand.
 Mild swelling of the feet and ankles
(edema). Pregnancy causes more fluid to
build up in your body. This, plus the extra
pressure that uterus places on the legs,
can lead to the swelling of your feet and
ankles.
 Difficulty sleeping and finding a comfortable
position. Lying on your back interferes
with blood circulation, and lying on
the stomach isn't possible. Sleep on your
side, using pillows to support your belly and
between your knees. Later in your
pregnancy, it is best to lie on your left side.
When you lie on your right side or on your
back, the increasing weight of your uterus
can partly block the large blood vessel in
front of your backbone.
 Frequent urination, caused by an enlarged
uterus and the pressure of the fetus on the
bladder.

13. Normal physical changes and symptoms throughout
pregnancyAlthoughtheycanrangefrommildtosevere,the
following conditions are common during pregnancy:
• Fatigue
• Morning sickness
• Sleep problems
• Breast changes
• Heartburn
• Nosebleeds and bleeding gums

14. • Hemorrhoids and constipation
• Varicose veins
• Hair changes
• Stretch marks, itchiness, and other skin
changes
• Leg cramps
• Back pain
• Pelvic ache and hip pain
• Hand pain, numbness, or weakness (carpal
tunnel syndrome)

15. What To Avoid During Pregnancy
When women are pregnant, they need to be very conscious of the food they eat and what
they drink and the activities they engage in because more food, drinks and activities may harm the
child they are carrying. The following is a list of actions performed during pregnancy. If the action
mentioned is something that a pregnant women should avoid, put X on the space provided. If the
activity is something that would be good for a pregnant woman, put a /. Remember to copy the
table in your activity notebook.
ACTIVITY
1. drinking alcohol
2. drinking milk
3. dyeing hair
4. cleaning the cat’s litter box
5. drinking water
6. eating varieties of fruits and vegetables
7. smoking cigarretes
8. sitting in a sauna, steam room, or hot tub
9. eating uncooked meat
10. taking vitamin B (folic acid) daily
11. taking over-the-counter drugs
12. having an x-ray
13. drinking coffee
14. going for walks
15. eating sweets and junk foods

16. Answerthe followingquestions:
As a teenager what action will you do to
advocate educating the youth in premature
pregnancy?
How will you give an advise to someone you
know that is having premarital sex?