It helps in teaching and learning

1. EDUC5:
Principles of Teaching
- RYAN M. SUMALDE

2. Course Description
This course introduces prospective
teachers to the complex nature of the
teaching-learning process. It deals with
principles associated with different
instructional strategies and techniques,
curriculum, problems, classroom
management, assignment and art of
questioning.

3. General Objectives
• To explain the principles that are related to
instructional strategies and techniques, curriculum
implementation, problems, classroom
management, assignment and art of questioning.
• To apply these principles in teaching-learning
situations’
• To illustrate the important role that teachers play in
nation building through efficient and effective
teaching

4. Principles of Teaching

5. “Accept what is,
let go what was,
and have faith in
what will be.”

6. CHAPTER I:
COMPONENTS OF
TEACHING

7. What is Teaching?

8. Many authors view teaching as
organized, purposeful and
deliberate efforts designed to bring
about certain specifically desirable
ends in an individual.

9. According to Garcia quotes Ronald Hyman
(1970) and states that a teacher must know
what teaching is because his concepts of
teaching guides, his behavior and his own
interpretation of teaching becomes essential
to his performance as a teacher.

10. According to Navarro, et.al.,
teaching is an activity that is not
really new to education students as
they have been exposed to it since
they first enrolled in Grade 1.

11. Aquino (1974) identified six
important elements of teaching-
learning process: teacher, learner,
classroom, curriculum, materials of
instruction and administration.

12. Learning is the expected end of
teaching in a school setting.
Hence, teaching has always been
directed at learning.

14. An effective teacher is one who has
honed his skills in the art of
teaching.
A teacher demonstrates proficiency
in the use of language adopts varied
teaching strategies, recognizes
change, applies motivation, revises
techniques for optimum results, and
allows himself to be guided by
acknowledged principles and
theories of education.

15. An effective teacher is
compassionate and understanding.
He gives allowance for personal
limitations.
He looks at every learner as a unique
individual with peculiar needs and
interests.
An effective teacher is one who
allows himself to grow spiritually.

17. Pleasing personal
appearance, manner,
courtesy and pleasant
voice.
Intelligence, emotional
stability and self-control
Sympathy, kindness,
helpfulness, patience
Integrity, trustworthiness,
honesty, loyalty
Flexibility, creativity,
resourcefulness

18. Sociability, friendliness,
cooperativeness
Fairness, impartiality,
tolerance
Sense of humor,
cheerfulness, enthusiasm

20. Manager
Counselor
Motivator
Leader
Model
Facilitator
Instructor
Catalyst
Public Relation
Specialist
Parent-Surrogate

21. Principles of Teaching

22. The LEARNER

23. The subject of the schooling
process.
They are the one who receive
instruction from a particular
teacher
The heart of a teaching and
learning process

24. To understand the learner, the
teacher must know:
The child as a
biological organism
with needs, abilities
and goals
The social and
psychological
environment
The cultural forces of
which he is part.

25. The learners are different from
one another
Physical
Emotional
Intellectual
Social
Mental

26. Every learner is/has a unique personality
The teacher must ensure the learner’s growth
and development
The teacher should consider the
varied interests, intellectual
preparedness, emotional stability
and task readiness

27. The Classroom

28. It is a place where formal learning
occurs.
It is with the standard
measurement of the outdoor
space where both teacher and
students are interacting together
It is a wholesome venue for
learning activities which can be
realized only in an atmosphere
conducive to both teaching and
learning process

29. What make a classroom conducive
to learning?
The activities are well-
organized.
Mutual sharing of
responsibility in
establishing and
maintaining a state of
order and democratic
living.
Pleasant and hygienic
conditions prevail

30. According to Aquino, a good
classroom has a stimulating
climate – one that results not
only for desirable physical
surroundings and healthful
conditions but also from
social relationship and
emotional attitudes

31. Classroom Environment
encompasses 4 Factors
Physical Environment
Intellectual climate
Social Climate
Emotional Climate

32. Physical Environment
This includes the
location, size, shape,
construction of the
room itself.
The furniture in the
room, instructional
supplies or resources
for learning
Provisions for lighting,
heating and ventilating
Acoustics of the rooms,
sanitations, cleanliness
and orderliness

33. Intellectual Climate
Patterns of behavior,
the interaction pattern,
qualities of interaction
and attributes
The teacher should
create this which the
learners are free to
work out under the
guidance the solutions
of their problems.
Aiming for pursuing excellence
Growing mentally and ability to
be intelligent

34. Social Climate

35. Three Types of Social Climate
Autocratic – the
teacher makes all the
important decisions,
directs all activities and
evaluates students
progress in terms of
standards.
Laissez Faire – each learner
operates as an individual,
strives for recognition of his
own achievement and develop
little regard for the rights and
accomplishments of others.
Democratic – the goals are
established by group
participation and plans are
made on the basis of

36. Emotional Climate
This pertains to the
emotional adjustment
and mental health of
the children
The learner needs to feel secure
in the group
The teacher must see that the
personality needs of the learner
that are met in this classroom

37. Curriculum

38. What is Curriculum?
The term comes from
the Latin root “currere”
which means to run.
It is an educational usage, the
course of the race because of
the “course of study.”

39. Three Types of Curriculum
Academic Curriculum –
refers to the formal list
of courses offered by
the school
Extra Curriculum – refers to
those planned but voluntary
activities that are sponsored by
the school such as sports, and
social clubs.
Hidden curriculum – refers to
those unplanned learning
activities, an informal part of
the curriculum and difficult to

40. Materials of
Instruction

41. What is Materials of Instruction ?
It refers to the various
resources available to
the teachers and
learners which help
facilitates instruction
and learning.
The effective use of non-book
materials in the teaching-
learning process that will
capture the student’s interest
and develop good attitude
towards the topic being
discussed.

42. What is Materials of Instruction ?
The non-book
materials refers to the
members of the
instruction media
family that should be
part of the library
collections.

43. Administration

44. What is School Administration ?
It is an organization,
direction, coordination
and control of human
and material resources
to achieve the desired
ends.
It is an executive activity which
defines as all the acts or
processes required to make
policies and procedures
effective.

45. What is the principal function?
Seeing that all school
money is economically
expanded and
accounted for.
Preparing the school budget.

46. What is the principal function?
Selecting and
purchasing the school
sites
Planning, erecting, and
equipping the school buildings

47. What is the principal function?
Operating the school
plan and keeping it in
an excellent state of
repair
Selecting, training and
supervising teachers.

48. What is the principal function?
Providing supplies and
textbooks
Assisting in curriculum
construction and organizing an
instructional program

49. What is the principal function?
Keeping the public
informed of the aims,
accomplishments and
needs of the schools
Keeping school records and
accounts.