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Lesson 19
Different Religions and
Philosophies in Asia
• Direction: Identify what religions uses the symbols below
RELIGIONS
/
PHILOSOP
HIES

ORIGINS &
HISTORY

ADHERE
NTS
WORLD
WIDE

Hinduism

Indigenous
religion of
India as
developed
to present
day.

900
million

GOD(S) &
UNIVERSE

HUMAN
SITUATION
AND LIFE’S
PURPOSE

AFTERLIFE

PRACTICES

One
Humans are in Reincarnati
Yoga,
Supreme
bondage to
on until
meditation,
being
ignorance and
gain
worship
(Brahman) illusion, but enlightenment
(puja),
with three
are able to
devotion to
manifestation
escape.
a god or
Purpose is to
goddess,
gain release
pilgrimage
from rebirth,
to holy
or at least a
cities, live
better rebirth.
according
to one's
dharma

PLACES

Large
portion of
India
RELIGIONS
/
PHILOSOP
HIES

ORIGINS &
HISTORY

Buddhism Founded by
Siddharta
Gautama
(the
Buddha) in
c. 520 BC,
NE India.

ADHERE
NTS
WORLD
WIDE
360
million

GOD(S) &
UNIVERSE

HUMAN
SITUATION
AND LIFE’S
PURPOSE

AFTERLIFE

PRACTICES

PLACES

Varies:
Purpose is to Reincarnati Meditation, Myanmar,
Theravada
avoid
on until
mantras,
Thailand,
atheistic; suffering and
gain
devotion to
Laos,
Mahayana
gain
enlightenm deities (in Cambodia,
more
enlightenmen
ent
some
Sri Lanka,
polytheisti t and release
sects),
Japan,
c. Buddha from cycle of
Tibet,
taught
rebirth, or at
Nepal,
nothing is least attain a
Bhutan,
permanent better rebirth
some parts
by
of China
gaining merit
and Korea.
RELIGIONS/
PHILOSOPHIES

Jainism

ORIGINS &
HISTORY

ADHERENTS
WORLDWIDE

GOD(S) &
UNIVERSE

HUMAN
SITUATION
AND LIFE’S
PURPOSE

AFTERLIFE

PRACTICES

PLACES

Mahavira, 4 million
The
Purpose is to Reincarna Monasticism
Tamil
c. 550 BC,
universe
gain
tion until under the region of
eastern
is eternal; liberation liberation Five Great
South
India
does not from cycle of
.
Vows ;
India
believe in rebirth, by
worship at
Gods
avoiding all
temples and
bad karma,
at home.
especially by
Meditation
causing no
and
harm to any
mantras.
sentient
being.
RELIGIONS
/
PHILOSOP
HIES

ORIGINS &
HISTORY

ADHERENTS
WORLDWIDE

GOD(S) &
UNIVERSE

Sikhism

Guru
Nanak, c.
1500 AD,
Punjab,
India.

23 million

One God
(Naam)

HUMAN
SITUATION
AND LIFE’S
PURPOSE

AFTERLIFE

Overcome the Reincarnati
self, align life
on until
with will of merge with
God.
God.

PRACTICES

PLACES

Prayer and Malaysia,
meditation
Canada,
on God's
United
name,
States,
services at
United
temple
Kingdom,
turban and
and East
five Ks.
Africa.
Balance
work,
worship, and
charity.
No
monasticism
RELIGIONS/
PHILOSOPHIES

Judaism

ADHERENTS
WORLDWIDE

GOD(S) &
UNIVERSE

HUMAN
SITUATION
AND LIFE’S
PURPOSE

The religion 14 million
of the
Hebrews (c.
1300 BC),

One God,
Yahweh

Obey God's
commandme
nts, live
ethically.
Focus is more
on this life
than the next.

ORIGINS &
HISTORY

AFTERLIFE

PRACTICES

PLACES

Not
Circumcision
Israel,
historically
at birth,
United
emphasize
bar/bat
States,
d. Beliefs
mitzvah at
Russia,
vary from
adulthood.
France,
no afterlife Synagogue
Canada,
to shadowy services on Argentina
existence
Saturdays.
, and
to the
No pork.
South
World to
Holidays
Africa.
Come
related to
(similar to
historical
heaven).
events.
RELIGIONS
/

ORIGINS & ADHERENTS GOD(S) &
HISTORY WORLDWIDE UNIVERSE

PHILOSOPHIES

Founded
(Catholic, by Jesus
Protestant Christ in c.
Orthodox)
30 AD,
Israel.
Christianity

2 billion

HUMAN
SITUATION
AND LIFE’S
PURPOSE

AFTERLIFE

PRACTICES

PLACES

One God
All have
Eternal
Prayer,
Most
who is a sinned and heaven or Bible study, part of
Trinity of are thereby
hell (or
baptism,
Europe
Father,
separated temporary Eucharist
and
Son, and from God. purgatory) (Communio America.
Holy
Salvation is
.
n), church
TimorSpirit
through faith
on Sundays,
Leste
in Christ and,
numerous
and
for some,
holidays. Philippines
.
sacraments
and good
works.
RELIGIONS
/

ORIGINS & ADHERENTS GOD(S) &
WORLD
UNIVERSE
HISTORY
WIDE

PHILOSOPHIES

Islam

Muhammad, 1.3 billion

622 AD,
Saudi
Arabia

HUMAN
SITUATION
AND LIFE’S
PURPOSE

AFTERLIFE

One God Humans must Paradise
(Allah in
submit
or Hell.
Arabic) (islam) to the
will of God to
gain Paradise
after death.

PRACTICES

PLACES

Five Pillars:
Faith, Prayer,
Alms,
Pilgrimage,
Fasting.
Mosque
services on
Fridays.
Ablutions
before prayer.
No alcohol or
pork. Holidays
related to the
pilgrimage and
fast of

Indonesia,
Pakistan,
Bangladesh
, Malaysia,
Afghanistan
, southern
part of the
Philippines,
and most
countries in
West Asia.
PHILOSOPHIES

ORIGINS ADHERENTS GOD(S) &
WORLDWIDE UNIVERSE
&
HISTORY

Shintoism

Indigenous

RELIGIONS
/

Animism

HUMAN
SITUATION
AND LIFE’S
PURPOSE

3-4 million Polytheism Humans are
religion
based on pure by nature
of Japan.
the kami, and can keep
ancient
away evil
gods or
through
spirits.
purification
rituals and
attain good
things by
calling on the
kami.
Ancient
Anito
Southeast
Nat
Asians
Phi

AFTERLIFE

PRACTICES

PLACES

Death is
bad and
impure.
Some
humans
become
kami after
death.

Worship
and
offerings to
kami at
shrines and
at home.
Purification
rituals.

Japan

Philippines,
Myanmar,
Laos.
RELIGIONS
/
PHILOSOPHIES

Confucianism

ORIGINS & ADHERENTS
WORLD
HISTORY

GOD(S) &
UNIVERSE

HUMAN
SITUATION
AND LIFE’S
PURPOSE

AFTERLIFE

PRACTICES

PLACES

Founded by 5-6 million
Confucius
(551–479
BC), China

Not
addressed

Purpose of
life is to
fulfill one's
role in
society
with
propriety,
honor, and
loyalty.

Not
addressed

Honesty,
politeness,
propriety,
humaneness,
perform
correct role
in society,
loyalty to
family, nation

China

WIDE
RELIGIONS
/

ORIGINS & ADHERENTS
WORLD
HISTORY
WIDE

PHILOSOPHIES

Taoism

Lao-Tzu, c.
550 BC,
China.

20 million

GOD(S) &
UNIVERSE

HUMAN
SITUATION
AND LIFE’S
PURPOSE

Pantheism - Purpose is
the Tao
inner
pervades
harmony,
all. Yin-yang peace, and
- opposites longevity.
make up a Achieved by
unity.
living in
accordance
with the
Tao.

AFTERLIFE

PRACTICES

General
Revert back
attitude of
to state of
non-being, detachment
and nonwhich is
simply the struggle, "go
with the
other side
flow" of the
of being.
Tao. Tai-chi,
acupuncture,
and alchemy
to help
longevity.

PLACES

China
ORIGINS & ADHERENTS
WORLD
HISTORY

GOD(S) &
UNIVERSE

HUMAN
SITUATION
AND LIFE’S
PURPOSE

AFTERLIFE

PRACTICES

PLACES

Legalism

Li Ssu (Li Si)
221 B.C

Not
Addressed

Not
Addressed

Not
Addressed

Not
Addressed

Not
Addressed

China

Doctrine of
the Mean

Mencius
(Mengzi)

Not
Addressed

Not
Addressed

Not
Addressed

Not
Addressed

Not
Addressed

China

RELIGIONS
/

WIDE

PHILOSOPHIES

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Religions in Asia

  • 1. Lesson 19 Different Religions and Philosophies in Asia
  • 2. • Direction: Identify what religions uses the symbols below
  • 3. RELIGIONS / PHILOSOP HIES ORIGINS & HISTORY ADHERE NTS WORLD WIDE Hinduism Indigenous religion of India as developed to present day. 900 million GOD(S) & UNIVERSE HUMAN SITUATION AND LIFE’S PURPOSE AFTERLIFE PRACTICES One Humans are in Reincarnati Yoga, Supreme bondage to on until meditation, being ignorance and gain worship (Brahman) illusion, but enlightenment (puja), with three are able to devotion to manifestation escape. a god or Purpose is to goddess, gain release pilgrimage from rebirth, to holy or at least a cities, live better rebirth. according to one's dharma PLACES Large portion of India
  • 4. RELIGIONS / PHILOSOP HIES ORIGINS & HISTORY Buddhism Founded by Siddharta Gautama (the Buddha) in c. 520 BC, NE India. ADHERE NTS WORLD WIDE 360 million GOD(S) & UNIVERSE HUMAN SITUATION AND LIFE’S PURPOSE AFTERLIFE PRACTICES PLACES Varies: Purpose is to Reincarnati Meditation, Myanmar, Theravada avoid on until mantras, Thailand, atheistic; suffering and gain devotion to Laos, Mahayana gain enlightenm deities (in Cambodia, more enlightenmen ent some Sri Lanka, polytheisti t and release sects), Japan, c. Buddha from cycle of Tibet, taught rebirth, or at Nepal, nothing is least attain a Bhutan, permanent better rebirth some parts by of China gaining merit and Korea.
  • 5. RELIGIONS/ PHILOSOPHIES Jainism ORIGINS & HISTORY ADHERENTS WORLDWIDE GOD(S) & UNIVERSE HUMAN SITUATION AND LIFE’S PURPOSE AFTERLIFE PRACTICES PLACES Mahavira, 4 million The Purpose is to Reincarna Monasticism Tamil c. 550 BC, universe gain tion until under the region of eastern is eternal; liberation liberation Five Great South India does not from cycle of . Vows ; India believe in rebirth, by worship at Gods avoiding all temples and bad karma, at home. especially by Meditation causing no and harm to any mantras. sentient being.
  • 6. RELIGIONS / PHILOSOP HIES ORIGINS & HISTORY ADHERENTS WORLDWIDE GOD(S) & UNIVERSE Sikhism Guru Nanak, c. 1500 AD, Punjab, India. 23 million One God (Naam) HUMAN SITUATION AND LIFE’S PURPOSE AFTERLIFE Overcome the Reincarnati self, align life on until with will of merge with God. God. PRACTICES PLACES Prayer and Malaysia, meditation Canada, on God's United name, States, services at United temple Kingdom, turban and and East five Ks. Africa. Balance work, worship, and charity. No monasticism
  • 7. RELIGIONS/ PHILOSOPHIES Judaism ADHERENTS WORLDWIDE GOD(S) & UNIVERSE HUMAN SITUATION AND LIFE’S PURPOSE The religion 14 million of the Hebrews (c. 1300 BC), One God, Yahweh Obey God's commandme nts, live ethically. Focus is more on this life than the next. ORIGINS & HISTORY AFTERLIFE PRACTICES PLACES Not Circumcision Israel, historically at birth, United emphasize bar/bat States, d. Beliefs mitzvah at Russia, vary from adulthood. France, no afterlife Synagogue Canada, to shadowy services on Argentina existence Saturdays. , and to the No pork. South World to Holidays Africa. Come related to (similar to historical heaven). events.
  • 8. RELIGIONS / ORIGINS & ADHERENTS GOD(S) & HISTORY WORLDWIDE UNIVERSE PHILOSOPHIES Founded (Catholic, by Jesus Protestant Christ in c. Orthodox) 30 AD, Israel. Christianity 2 billion HUMAN SITUATION AND LIFE’S PURPOSE AFTERLIFE PRACTICES PLACES One God All have Eternal Prayer, Most who is a sinned and heaven or Bible study, part of Trinity of are thereby hell (or baptism, Europe Father, separated temporary Eucharist and Son, and from God. purgatory) (Communio America. Holy Salvation is . n), church TimorSpirit through faith on Sundays, Leste in Christ and, numerous and for some, holidays. Philippines . sacraments and good works.
  • 9. RELIGIONS / ORIGINS & ADHERENTS GOD(S) & WORLD UNIVERSE HISTORY WIDE PHILOSOPHIES Islam Muhammad, 1.3 billion 622 AD, Saudi Arabia HUMAN SITUATION AND LIFE’S PURPOSE AFTERLIFE One God Humans must Paradise (Allah in submit or Hell. Arabic) (islam) to the will of God to gain Paradise after death. PRACTICES PLACES Five Pillars: Faith, Prayer, Alms, Pilgrimage, Fasting. Mosque services on Fridays. Ablutions before prayer. No alcohol or pork. Holidays related to the pilgrimage and fast of Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh , Malaysia, Afghanistan , southern part of the Philippines, and most countries in West Asia.
  • 10. PHILOSOPHIES ORIGINS ADHERENTS GOD(S) & WORLDWIDE UNIVERSE & HISTORY Shintoism Indigenous RELIGIONS / Animism HUMAN SITUATION AND LIFE’S PURPOSE 3-4 million Polytheism Humans are religion based on pure by nature of Japan. the kami, and can keep ancient away evil gods or through spirits. purification rituals and attain good things by calling on the kami. Ancient Anito Southeast Nat Asians Phi AFTERLIFE PRACTICES PLACES Death is bad and impure. Some humans become kami after death. Worship and offerings to kami at shrines and at home. Purification rituals. Japan Philippines, Myanmar, Laos.
  • 11. RELIGIONS / PHILOSOPHIES Confucianism ORIGINS & ADHERENTS WORLD HISTORY GOD(S) & UNIVERSE HUMAN SITUATION AND LIFE’S PURPOSE AFTERLIFE PRACTICES PLACES Founded by 5-6 million Confucius (551–479 BC), China Not addressed Purpose of life is to fulfill one's role in society with propriety, honor, and loyalty. Not addressed Honesty, politeness, propriety, humaneness, perform correct role in society, loyalty to family, nation China WIDE
  • 12. RELIGIONS / ORIGINS & ADHERENTS WORLD HISTORY WIDE PHILOSOPHIES Taoism Lao-Tzu, c. 550 BC, China. 20 million GOD(S) & UNIVERSE HUMAN SITUATION AND LIFE’S PURPOSE Pantheism - Purpose is the Tao inner pervades harmony, all. Yin-yang peace, and - opposites longevity. make up a Achieved by unity. living in accordance with the Tao. AFTERLIFE PRACTICES General Revert back attitude of to state of non-being, detachment and nonwhich is simply the struggle, "go with the other side flow" of the of being. Tao. Tai-chi, acupuncture, and alchemy to help longevity. PLACES China
  • 13. ORIGINS & ADHERENTS WORLD HISTORY GOD(S) & UNIVERSE HUMAN SITUATION AND LIFE’S PURPOSE AFTERLIFE PRACTICES PLACES Legalism Li Ssu (Li Si) 221 B.C Not Addressed Not Addressed Not Addressed Not Addressed Not Addressed China Doctrine of the Mean Mencius (Mengzi) Not Addressed Not Addressed Not Addressed Not Addressed Not Addressed China RELIGIONS / WIDE PHILOSOPHIES