This document discusses computer hardware and software. It begins by describing the typical computer hardware components like the monitor, keyboard, printer, and central processing unit inside the "box." It explains that computer hardware is not very useful without software to tell it what to do. There are two main types of software: systems software like the operating system found on all computers, and applications software for specific tasks. Applications software can be custom software for large companies or commercial software packages for personal use like word processors and games. The document then focuses on the Microsoft Windows operating system, describing its graphical user interface and how it facilitates using programs and accessing the internet. It concludes by discussing factors for teachers to consider when evaluating educational computer-based instructional materials and

1. Bicol University
College of Agriculture and Forestry
Guinobatan, Albay
Prepared by:
Denver Justin Nera
III-BAT-ATE2
Lesson 14

2. Whenever People think about
computer, they are most likely
thinking about the computer
machine such as the television-
like monitor screen, the keyboard
to type on, the printer which
produces copies of text-and-
graphics material, and the
computer housing called “the box”

3. which contains the electronic part
and circuits (central processing unit)
that receives/ stores data and directs
computer operations. The computer
machine or hardware is naturally an
attention-getter.

4. It’s more difficult to
realize, however, that
the computer hardware
can hardly be useful
without the program or
system that tells what
the computer machine
should do. This is also
called the software .

5. There are two kinds of
software:
1.The systems software. This
is the operating system that
is found or bundled inside
all computer machines.
2. The applications software.
This contains the system that
commands the particular
task or solves a particular
problem.

6. In turn the applications software may be:
(a) a custom software that is made for specific tasks often by large
corporations, or
(b) a commercial software packaged for personal computers that helps
with a variety of task such as writing papers, calculating numbers,
drawing graphs, playing games, and so much more.

7. Microsoft Windows
Also referred to as program, Microsoft
Windows or Windows for short is an
operating environment between the
user and the computer operating
system. Also called a shell, it is a layer
that creates the way the computer
should work. Windows uses a colorful
graphics interface that be seen on the
computer screen or monitor whenever
the computer is turned on .

8. The user can work with on-
screen pictures (icons) and
suggestions (menus) to arrive
at the desired software.
Windows 95 (now improved
with Windows 2003,2007) Is a
software designed for Microsoft
Windows. Actually, Windows is
in itself a self-contained
operating system which
provides:

9. • User convenience- just
click a file name to retrieve
data or click from program
to program as easy as
changing channels in your
TV screen.
• A new look- fancy borders,
smooth and streamlined text
fonts
• Information center-
Windows puts all
communications activities
(e-mail, downloads etc. in
a single screen icon):
adapts/configures the
computer for the internet

10. • Plug and play- configures the computer with
added components, such as for sound and
videos.

11. Instructional software can be
visited on the internet or can be
bought from software shops or
dealers. The teacher through his
school decide on the best computer-
based instructional (CBI) materials
for the school resource collection.
But beware since CBIs need much
improvement, while web-based
educational resources are either
extremely good or what is complete
garbage.

12. In evaluating computer-based educational materials
the following can serve as guidelines:
• Be extremely cautious in using CBIs and
“free” internet materials.
• Don’t be caught up by attractive graphics,
sound, animation, pictures, video clips and
music forgetting their instructional worth.

13. • Teachers must evaluate these
resources using sound
pedagogical principles.
• Among design and content
elements to evaluate are: the
text legibility, effective use of
color schemes, attractive
layout and design, and easy
navigation from section-to-
section (such as from game to
tutorial to drill-and-practice
section.)

14. • Observe clarity in the
explanations and illustrations
of concepts and principles.
• Maintain accuracy,
coherence, logic of
information.
• Are they being current since
data/statistics continually
change.
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15. • Are they relevant and effective in attaining
learning objectives.
• Observe absence of biased materials
(e.g. gender bias or racial bias).

16. Thank