HISTORY OF COMPUTER ETHICS AND ETHIQUETTES

7. COMPUTER ETHICS
Prepared by:
Mr. Joshua A. Casas

8. COMPUTER USAGE
• Nowadays, computers are used quite extensively in almost all
activities of life, so this age is also called the age of computers.
• Computers are used in education, business, manufacturing,
designing, entertainment, homes, schools, shops, offices,
hospitals and airport.
• But when the computer is used by bad people with bad intention,
they can cause harm to information and technology.

9. COMPUTER ETHICS
• Ethics are beliefs and rules. These rules guide us to what is right
and what is wrong.
• An ethic is something a person develops over a period of time. Due
to this reason, parents and elders are supposed to supervise and
exercise some authority over their children.
• Good behavior pleases and help others and is also approved by the
society.

10. NTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
• A property is something you own. You have rights over your
property and Law protects it.
• Similarly, law also protects ideas and thinking produced by the
mind. It is illegal to use them without the permission of the owner
or producer.
• The rights related to the literacy or artistic work, invention,
discoveries, etc. are called intellectual property rights.

11. COPYRIGHTS
• You must have seen the copyright symbol in different items like
books, magazines and even webpages
• All the items or information that has this symbol comes under a
copyright of the owner and it is said to be the sole property of the
owner.
• A copyright is generally written in the following fashion

12. WHY SHOULD AN ITEM BE PROTECTED UNDER
A COPYRIGHT LAW?
• The copyright is legally applied to the item to enable the owner of the
item to receive a certain amount of income or royalty.
• If the same item is illegally reproduced, the owners will be deprived of
their share of income for continuing the hard work to develop such
material.
• So, to enable the owners to keep exploring, thinking and inventing new
ideas and efforts, they must be protected by the law.
• If a certain material is easily available on the Internet and you want to
use it, then you should be honest and not you the material illegally.
• You should take the permission of the author/owner. This is called
referencing.

13. SOFTWARE PIRACY
• Software Piracy is an illegal reproduction and distribution of
software applications.
• You must avoid using pirated software.

15. Types of Software Piracy
• End – user Piracy - All software is licensed. When someone copies
software without an appropriate license, it is called End – user
piracy. It includes both copying and distribution.
• Internet Piracy - Any unauthorized copies of software downloaded
from the Internet fall under the category of Internet Piracy.
• Pre – Installed Software Piracy - When a computer manufacturer
takes one copy of a particular software and illegally installs it on
more than one computer, it is considered as Pre – installed
software piracy.

16. Limitations of pirated software
• Quality
Pirated software often does not have various key elements.
Also it cannot be upgraded.
• Viruses
Some people may put dangerous viruses in pirated software.
This may damage your hard disk and erase all valuable data.
• Privacy
Some times the viruses in the pirated software can also
access the private data which is stored in your computer.

17. COMPUTER SECURITY
• Computer security includes the various procedures and techniques
that are designed to protect a computer from accidental or
intentional theft, unauthorized access or manipulation by an
individual or by an organization.

18. SECURITY BREACHES
• Hardware Breaches
It can be both intentional and accidental.
Cables, modems, phone lines are often
vulnerable to security breaches.
• Software Breaches
It includes computer viruses, password cracking,
various sniffer programs etc.

19. SECURITY BREACHES
• Networks
Network are vulnerable to security breaches.
• Natural Disasters
These can cause security violation which may lead to
operational problems in a computer system.
Hurricanes, earthquakes, floods etc. may prove devastating
for companies.

20. COMPUTER SECURITY CONTROLS
• Computer security controls are established and implemented to
reduce security breaches.
• There are many types of controls:
• Application control
• Development control
• Access control
• Physical security control
• Personal control

21. COMPUTER CRIMES
• Hacker
• A hacker is a person who breaks into a computer system to get
access to the information stored there.
• A hacker may not cause any harm to the system or organizations,
but hacking is still illegal and unethical.

22. COMPUTER CRIMES
• Cracker
• A cracker is a person who breaks into a computer system just like
a hacker, with an intention to steal passwords, files or programs
for unauthorized use.
• They may sell this information to some other people for money.
• They cause financial damage to an organization.

23. COMPUTER CRIMES
• Virus Programmers
• A virus programmer is a cracker who breaches
into a computer system, in order to steal
information or cause harm to the computer
system.
• They create dangerous viruses to get access
to information.