Lecturer Pakistan Studies
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Mountbatten came to India in March 1947 as a British naval officer to oversee the transition to independence. The plan for separating India and Pakistan was announced on June 23rd 1947. The first election for Pakistan's Constituent Assembly was held in 1946. Malik Ghulam Muhammad held the finance portfolio in Pakistan's first 7-member cabinet.
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Towards establishment of pakistan(2)
The document outlines key events leading up to the establishment of Pakistan as an independent state, including the Lahore Resolution of 1940 which called for separate states for Muslims, failed negotiations with the British Cripps Mission and Gandhi-Jinnah talks, and the Muslim League's success in 1945-46 elections which demonstrated their mandate over Muslims in India. It concludes with Pakistan gaining independence on August 14, 1947 after the British Cabinet Mission failed and the boundaries were decided by the Mountbatten Plan.
Pakistan Movement
The document summarizes the key events of the Pakistan movement from 1940 to 1947, including the Lahore Resolution of 1940, the Cripps Mission of 1942, the Quit India Movement of 1942, the Gandhi-Jinnah talks of 1944, the Wavell Plan and Simla Conference of 1945, elections from 1945-1946, the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946, the June 3rd Plan of 1947, the Radcliffe Award boundary demarcation, and finally the Indian Independence Act of 1947 which partitioned British India and led to the independence of Pakistan and India.
Lecture 13 emergence of pakistan
Lecture 13 emergence of pakistanQuaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
1) The document outlines the emergence of Pakistan from 1940-1947, beginning with Gandhi's Satyagrah movement and continuing through negotiations, elections, and partitions that eventually led to the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947.
2) Key events included the failed Cripps Mission in 1942, the Quit India Movement, talks between Gandhi and Jinnah, elections in 1945-1946 that strengthened the Muslim League's demand for Pakistan, and the Cabinet Mission Plan and June 3rd Partition Plan.
3) The Indian Independence Act of 1947 legally established the two new dominions of India and Pakistan, which both gained independence on August 15, 1947, though boundaries were still being determinedย
Pkaistan movement (1940-1947)
The document provides details about the Pakistan Movement from 1940-1947, including key events and personalities that led to the establishment of Pakistan as an independent nation. It discusses the Lahore Resolution of 1940 which called for independent Muslim states in India. Other major events covered include the British offer of August 1940, the Cripps Mission of 1942, the Quit India Movement, the Rajagopalachari formula, and the failed Gandhi-Jinnah talks of 1944 where the two leaders disagreed on whether Hindus and Muslims constituted two separate nations in India.
Formation of interim government and 3rd june plan
1) The document discusses the Cabinet Mission Plan and the negotiations between the Muslim League and Congress Party over forming an interim government for India.
2) It outlines the different formulas proposed for allocating seats in the interim government and how the parties rejected various proposals.
3) Lord Mountbatten was appointed the new Viceroy and tasked with transferring power; he announced the final partition plan on June 3rd, 1947 which established two independent states of India and Pakistan.
Glimpses of Pakistan's movement (1849 - 1947)
Timeline:
1849 Annexation of Punjab
1850 Urdu becomes the official language in all of the west Pakistan provinces, excluding Sindh
1857 War of Independence
1885 Formation of the Indian National Congress
1901 Partition of Punjab
1905 Partition of Bengal
1906 Simla Deputation
1906 Founding of the All-India Muslim League
1909 MintoโMorley Reforms
1911 Annulment of the Partition of Bengal
1914โ18 World War I
1916 Lucknow Pact
1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre
1919 Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
1919โ23 Khilafat Movement
1922โ29 HinduโMuslim Riots
1927 Delhi Muslim Proposals
1928 Nehru Report
1929 Fourteen Points of Jinnah
1930 Simon Commission Report
1930 Separation of a strong Punjabi group from congress and formation of Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam
1930 Allama Iqbal Address
1931 Kashmir Resistance movement
1930โ32 Round Table Conferences
1932 Communal Award (1932)
1933 Pakistan National Movement
1933 Pakistan Declaration / Now or Never Pamphlet
1935 Government of India Act
1937 Elections
1937โ39 Congress Rule in 7 out of 11 Provinces
1937 Strong anti congress governments in Punjab and Bengal
1938 A. K. Fazlul Huq of Bengal joined Muslim League
1938 Jinnah Sikandar pact
1938 Pirpur Report
1939-45 World War II
1939 Resignation of congress ministries and non-congress power players got golden chance
1940 Pakistan Resolution
1940 19 March Khaksar Massacre in Lahore[107][108]
1942 India Movement and non congress players further got space
1942 Cripps' mission
1944 Gandhi โ Jinnah Talks
1945 The Simla Conference
1946 The Cabinet Mission the last British effort to united India
1946 Direct Action Day in the aftermath of cabinet mission plan
1946 Interim Government installed in office
1946 Quit Kashmir Campaign as the formation of the interim government of Azad Kashmir
1947 June 6 Partition Plan
1947 Creation of Pakistan
Lahore resolution
The document summarizes the Pakistan Resolution of 1940 which was passed during the annual session of the All India Muslim League in Lahore. It established the Muslim League's demand for a separate Muslim state in India. The resolution was drafted by a committee and presented to the working committee on March 23, 1940, where it was unanimously adopted the following day. The resolution set goals of demarcating contiguous Muslim-majority regions and providing safeguards for religious minorities. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah's presidential address emphasized that Muslims were a separate nation distinct from others in British India. The resolution was a milestone in defining the political objectives of Muslims in their independence struggle.
Direct Action Day
This document provides background information on Direct Action Day in 1946 in Calcutta, India, when a Muslim League rally escalated into violent riots that killed over 4,000 people. It describes the tensions between the Muslim League and Indian National Congress over creating an independent Pakistan. Direct Action Day was called by Muhammad Ali Jinnah to protest the rejection of a separate Muslim state. In Calcutta, a Hindu-majority city, the day began with processions and strikes but soon erupted into brutal riots along religious lines, with killing, looting, and destruction plaguing the city for three days in one of the worst communal riots in Indian history.
Recommended
Towards establishment of pakistan(2)
The document outlines key events leading up to the establishment of Pakistan as an independent state, including the Lahore Resolution of 1940 which called for separate states for Muslims, failed negotiations with the British Cripps Mission and Gandhi-Jinnah talks, and the Muslim League's success in 1945-46 elections which demonstrated their mandate over Muslims in India. It concludes with Pakistan gaining independence on August 14, 1947 after the British Cabinet Mission failed and the boundaries were decided by the Mountbatten Plan.
Pakistan Movement
The document summarizes the key events of the Pakistan movement from 1940 to 1947, including the Lahore Resolution of 1940, the Cripps Mission of 1942, the Quit India Movement of 1942, the Gandhi-Jinnah talks of 1944, the Wavell Plan and Simla Conference of 1945, elections from 1945-1946, the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946, the June 3rd Plan of 1947, the Radcliffe Award boundary demarcation, and finally the Indian Independence Act of 1947 which partitioned British India and led to the independence of Pakistan and India.
Lecture 13 emergence of pakistan
Lecture 13 emergence of pakistanQuaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
1) The document outlines the emergence of Pakistan from 1940-1947, beginning with Gandhi's Satyagrah movement and continuing through negotiations, elections, and partitions that eventually led to the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947.
2) Key events included the failed Cripps Mission in 1942, the Quit India Movement, talks between Gandhi and Jinnah, elections in 1945-1946 that strengthened the Muslim League's demand for Pakistan, and the Cabinet Mission Plan and June 3rd Partition Plan.
3) The Indian Independence Act of 1947 legally established the two new dominions of India and Pakistan, which both gained independence on August 15, 1947, though boundaries were still being determinedย
Pkaistan movement (1940-1947)
The document provides details about the Pakistan Movement from 1940-1947, including key events and personalities that led to the establishment of Pakistan as an independent nation. It discusses the Lahore Resolution of 1940 which called for independent Muslim states in India. Other major events covered include the British offer of August 1940, the Cripps Mission of 1942, the Quit India Movement, the Rajagopalachari formula, and the failed Gandhi-Jinnah talks of 1944 where the two leaders disagreed on whether Hindus and Muslims constituted two separate nations in India.
Formation of interim government and 3rd june plan
1) The document discusses the Cabinet Mission Plan and the negotiations between the Muslim League and Congress Party over forming an interim government for India.
2) It outlines the different formulas proposed for allocating seats in the interim government and how the parties rejected various proposals.
3) Lord Mountbatten was appointed the new Viceroy and tasked with transferring power; he announced the final partition plan on June 3rd, 1947 which established two independent states of India and Pakistan.
Glimpses of Pakistan's movement (1849 - 1947)
Timeline:
1849 Annexation of Punjab
1850 Urdu becomes the official language in all of the west Pakistan provinces, excluding Sindh
1857 War of Independence
1885 Formation of the Indian National Congress
1901 Partition of Punjab
1905 Partition of Bengal
1906 Simla Deputation
1906 Founding of the All-India Muslim League
1909 MintoโMorley Reforms
1911 Annulment of the Partition of Bengal
1914โ18 World War I
1916 Lucknow Pact
1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre
1919 Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
1919โ23 Khilafat Movement
1922โ29 HinduโMuslim Riots
1927 Delhi Muslim Proposals
1928 Nehru Report
1929 Fourteen Points of Jinnah
1930 Simon Commission Report
1930 Separation of a strong Punjabi group from congress and formation of Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam
1930 Allama Iqbal Address
1931 Kashmir Resistance movement
1930โ32 Round Table Conferences
1932 Communal Award (1932)
1933 Pakistan National Movement
1933 Pakistan Declaration / Now or Never Pamphlet
1935 Government of India Act
1937 Elections
1937โ39 Congress Rule in 7 out of 11 Provinces
1937 Strong anti congress governments in Punjab and Bengal
1938 A. K. Fazlul Huq of Bengal joined Muslim League
1938 Jinnah Sikandar pact
1938 Pirpur Report
1939-45 World War II
1939 Resignation of congress ministries and non-congress power players got golden chance
1940 Pakistan Resolution
1940 19 March Khaksar Massacre in Lahore[107][108]
1942 India Movement and non congress players further got space
1942 Cripps' mission
1944 Gandhi โ Jinnah Talks
1945 The Simla Conference
1946 The Cabinet Mission the last British effort to united India
1946 Direct Action Day in the aftermath of cabinet mission plan
1946 Interim Government installed in office
1946 Quit Kashmir Campaign as the formation of the interim government of Azad Kashmir
1947 June 6 Partition Plan
1947 Creation of Pakistan
Lahore resolution
The document summarizes the Pakistan Resolution of 1940 which was passed during the annual session of the All India Muslim League in Lahore. It established the Muslim League's demand for a separate Muslim state in India. The resolution was drafted by a committee and presented to the working committee on March 23, 1940, where it was unanimously adopted the following day. The resolution set goals of demarcating contiguous Muslim-majority regions and providing safeguards for religious minorities. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah's presidential address emphasized that Muslims were a separate nation distinct from others in British India. The resolution was a milestone in defining the political objectives of Muslims in their independence struggle.
Direct Action Day
This document provides background information on Direct Action Day in 1946 in Calcutta, India, when a Muslim League rally escalated into violent riots that killed over 4,000 people. It describes the tensions between the Muslim League and Indian National Congress over creating an independent Pakistan. Direct Action Day was called by Muhammad Ali Jinnah to protest the rejection of a separate Muslim state. In Calcutta, a Hindu-majority city, the day began with processions and strikes but soon erupted into brutal riots along religious lines, with killing, looting, and destruction plaguing the city for three days in one of the worst communal riots in Indian history.
The cripps mission & general elections
The document summarizes the British government's proposals for India in 1942 known as the Stafford Cripps Mission. The key points were:
1) A constituent assembly would be established at the end of World War II to draft a constitution.
2) The assembly would be elected by the lower houses of provincial legislative assemblies.
3) Any province would be free to remain independent of the union.
4) Britain would sign a treaty with India on important subjects.
5) States would have the power to revise treaty arrangements.
The political situation of subcontinent
The document discusses the ideology of Pakistan and key events leading to its formation, including: 1) The Hindi-Urdu controversy in the 19th century sowed seeds of conflict between Hindus and Muslims; 2) The Muslim League was established in 1906 to represent Muslim political interests; 3) The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw temporary cooperation between the Congress and League but broke down after World War 1. The demand for an independent Pakistan grew stronger after the failure of cooperation efforts and Congress mistreatment of Muslims in the late 1930s.
Indiaโs independence and partition
India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947 after nearly 200 years of colonial occupation. The journey to independence began with the Revolt of 1857 and included non-violent movements led by Mahatma Gandhi like non-cooperation (1920) and quit India (1942). Attempts were made to negotiate independence through the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 and Mountbatten Plan of 1947, with the latter establishing India and Pakistan as two independent dominions. India's freedom movement was long and difficult but ultimately successful through the sustained non-violent efforts of Gandhi and other leaders.
13 The Raj Independence and Partition
The curator of the Imperial Secretariat Library tries to evenly divide its 150,000 volume collection between the new states emerging from the partition of British India. The partition led to the division of collections and archives between India and Pakistan.
Pakistan studies pak301 power point slides lecture 15
The document summarizes the key events surrounding the passage of the Lahore Resolution in 1940 and the establishment of Pakistan in 1947. The Lahore Resolution declared the demand for independent Muslim states in India. Later efforts like the Cripps Mission and Cabinet Mission failed to resolve tensions. Ultimately, the Indian Independence Act of 1947 was passed, leading to the partition of India and the creation of the two new dominions of India and Pakistan on August 14-15, 1947.
Partion Of India
The document summarizes the partition of India in 1947 when the country was divided along religious lines into the secular state of India and the Islamic state of Pakistan. It describes the events leading up to partition, including the formation of the All India Muslim League and growing demands for a separate Muslim state. Key events during the partition process are outlined such as the Radcliffe Line that divided the provinces of Bengal and Punjab between India and Pakistan and sparked violence, and the massive population exchanges that occurred as millions of Hindus and Muslims crossed the new borders. The human costs of partition are also discussed.
Pakistan movement presentation
The document summarizes key events in the development of the Pakistan Movement, including the founding of the All India Muslim League in 1906 to protect Muslim rights, the Minto-Morley Reforms of 1909 which increased Muslim representation, the Lucknow Pact of 1916 in which the Muslim League and Indian National Congress agreed to reforms, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919 which turned Gandhi against British rule, and the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 which introduced self-governing institutions. It also discusses the Khilafat Movement of 1919-1923, the Delhi Muslim Proposals of 1927, the Nehru Report of 1928, and Jinnah's Fourteen Points in response in
STRUGGLE FOR PAKISTAN AFTER INDIAN REVOLT
The document summarizes important political events in India between the First War of Independence in 1857 and the establishment of Pakistan in 1947. It describes how Muslims suffered after the war, the Aligarh movement led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan to reform Muslim education, the Simla Deputation which advocated for separate electorates, the formation of the All India Muslim League in 1906, the Lucknow Pact between the Congress and Muslim League in 1916, and Jinnah's Fourteen Points in response to the Nehru Report. It also discusses the Government of India Act 1935, the success of the Muslim League in the 1937 elections, the Congress ministries which pursued policies harmful to Muslims, and ultimately the passage of the Pakistan Resolution
Lahore resolution
The Lahore Resolution of 1940 called for independent Muslim states in the northwest and eastern regions of British India where Muslims were in the majority. It asserted that Hindus and Muslims were distinct nations and should not be united in a single state. The resolution passed unanimously and marked a turning point where the Muslim League demanded a separate Muslim state rather than just separate electorates. It boosted Muslim nationalism and unity. The 1945 elections saw the Muslim League win most Muslim seats, validating its claim to represent Muslims. This set the stage for the eventual establishment of Pakistan after further negotiations failed to resolve the political deadlock between Congress and the League.
Cabinet mission plan and simla conference
The document summarizes the Cabinet Mission that was sent to India in 1946 to discuss Indian independence and constitution. The Mission held talks from April to May with political leaders like Jinnah, Gandhi, and Azad. Jinnah demanded a separate Pakistan, while Congress supported a united India. The Mission proposed a three-tier federal structure with provinces grouped by religion. This was initially accepted but then rejected by both Congress and the Muslim League. The talks ultimately failed to achieve an agreement.
Partition of the India
this presentation is to study deeply about the partition of India, some of the movements and what were the impact of Britishers on us after leaving and when they were ruling .
Partition Of India
The document summarizes the key events surrounding the partition of India from 1942 to 1947. It discusses Lord Wavell's plan for more Indian self-government, the Cabinet Mission plan which proposed a loose federation but rejected the Muslim League's demand for Pakistan, and the final Mountbatten plan which accepted the inevitability of partition and set August 15, 1947 as the transfer date, dividing British India into the two new dominions of India and Pakistan. The Indian Independence Act of 1947 formally implemented this partition.
Partition of British India
A very brief history of the partition of British India along with a little bit of photographs for better illustrations.
Lahore Resolution 1940 and Aftermath
Lahore Resolution passed on 24th March, 1940 in Lahore at then Minto Park and now know as Minar-e-Pakistan.
Background of the passage of The Lahore Resolution
October 1940 Gandhiโs announcement of Satyagagrah ( Resistance)
Lahore Resolution passed on 24th march, 1940 in Lahore at then Minto Park and now know as Minar-e-Pakistan
Indian Independence and Partition of India
The document discusses the events leading up to Indian independence and partition. It describes the failed Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 and the subsequent Mountbatten Plan of 1947 that ultimately led to independence and the partition of India and Pakistan. The key events were the Cabinet Mission to India in 1946 to facilitate power transfer, the communal violence and political disputes that ensued, and finally Lord Mountbatten's accelerated plan in 1947 that accepted the inevitability of partition along religious lines. This resulted in the Indian Independence Act of 1947 that officially established the two new dominions and implemented the partition.
Partition Of India
The Partition of India divided British India into two new independent countries - India and Pakistan. On August 14-15, 1947, as Britain withdrew from India, the subcontinent was divided along religious lines into a Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan and Bangladesh. The partition displaced up to 12.5 million people and caused widespread violence, as riots broke out between Hindus and Muslims across the region. Over a million people died in the ensuing violence and chaos of partition.
Abstract
1) Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a prominent leader from British India who led the movement for the establishment of Pakistan as an independent Muslim state.
2) Through his efforts, he united Indian Muslims under the Muslim League and advocated for their right to self-governance, despite opposition from the British and Hindu-led Indian National Congress.
3) Jinnah continued to push for Muslim political and constitutional rights up until 1947 when the British finally agreed to partition British India into two new independent states - Pakistan and India. Jinnah then became Pakistan's first Governor-General.
Short note Lahore Resolution or Pakistan Resolution 1940, Delhi Proposal 1929...
Short note Lahore Resolution or Pakistan Resolution 1940, Delhi Proposal 1929, Allama Iqbal's Presedential Address 1930, Crips Mission, Khilafat Movement
Lucknow pact
The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw the Muslim League and Indian National Congress agree to cooperate in demanding self-rule from the British. The pact conceded that Muslims were a separate nation and guaranteed seats for minority religious groups in provincial legislatures. Muhammad Ali Jinnah negotiated the pact and was hailed as the "Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity." Meanwhile, the Khilafat Movement sought to maintain the status of the Ottoman Caliph and protect Muslim holy sites after World War I, uniting Muslims and Congress. Though it failed to achieve its goals and ended with communal violence, the movement politically awakened Muslims and eroded trust in both the British and Hindus.
Road to the establishment of Pakistan
In this ppt you can easily get info about how subcontinent was divided and what were the sacrifices of our leaders.
Demography &Population of pakistan
The document discusses population demographics in Pakistan. It defines population as a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area, and demography as the study of human populations in terms of size, composition, distribution, and how populations change over time through births, deaths, and migration. It provides statistics on Pakistan's current population size, population growth rates, birth and death rates, ethnic and religious composition, age structure, literacy rates, education expenditures, health expenditures, urbanization rates, and languages spoken. Rapid population growth and high fertility rates are linked to higher poverty levels.
Geography of pakistan
Pakistan has a population of approximately 193 million as of 2015, making it the 6th most populous country. The population grew rapidly from 32 million in 1951 to over 143 million in 2000, though the growth rate has declined to around 1.6% currently. Punjab province has the largest population share at 57%, while Baluchistan has the smallest at 6%. Around 67% of Pakistanis live in rural areas, with 33% in urban centers, the largest of which are Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, and Rawalpindi.
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The cripps mission & general elections
The document summarizes the British government's proposals for India in 1942 known as the Stafford Cripps Mission. The key points were:
1) A constituent assembly would be established at the end of World War II to draft a constitution.
2) The assembly would be elected by the lower houses of provincial legislative assemblies.
3) Any province would be free to remain independent of the union.
4) Britain would sign a treaty with India on important subjects.
5) States would have the power to revise treaty arrangements.
The political situation of subcontinent
The document discusses the ideology of Pakistan and key events leading to its formation, including: 1) The Hindi-Urdu controversy in the 19th century sowed seeds of conflict between Hindus and Muslims; 2) The Muslim League was established in 1906 to represent Muslim political interests; 3) The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw temporary cooperation between the Congress and League but broke down after World War 1. The demand for an independent Pakistan grew stronger after the failure of cooperation efforts and Congress mistreatment of Muslims in the late 1930s.
Indiaโs independence and partition
India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947 after nearly 200 years of colonial occupation. The journey to independence began with the Revolt of 1857 and included non-violent movements led by Mahatma Gandhi like non-cooperation (1920) and quit India (1942). Attempts were made to negotiate independence through the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 and Mountbatten Plan of 1947, with the latter establishing India and Pakistan as two independent dominions. India's freedom movement was long and difficult but ultimately successful through the sustained non-violent efforts of Gandhi and other leaders.
13 The Raj Independence and Partition
The curator of the Imperial Secretariat Library tries to evenly divide its 150,000 volume collection between the new states emerging from the partition of British India. The partition led to the division of collections and archives between India and Pakistan.
Pakistan studies pak301 power point slides lecture 15
The document summarizes the key events surrounding the passage of the Lahore Resolution in 1940 and the establishment of Pakistan in 1947. The Lahore Resolution declared the demand for independent Muslim states in India. Later efforts like the Cripps Mission and Cabinet Mission failed to resolve tensions. Ultimately, the Indian Independence Act of 1947 was passed, leading to the partition of India and the creation of the two new dominions of India and Pakistan on August 14-15, 1947.
Partion Of India
The document summarizes the partition of India in 1947 when the country was divided along religious lines into the secular state of India and the Islamic state of Pakistan. It describes the events leading up to partition, including the formation of the All India Muslim League and growing demands for a separate Muslim state. Key events during the partition process are outlined such as the Radcliffe Line that divided the provinces of Bengal and Punjab between India and Pakistan and sparked violence, and the massive population exchanges that occurred as millions of Hindus and Muslims crossed the new borders. The human costs of partition are also discussed.
Pakistan movement presentation
The document summarizes key events in the development of the Pakistan Movement, including the founding of the All India Muslim League in 1906 to protect Muslim rights, the Minto-Morley Reforms of 1909 which increased Muslim representation, the Lucknow Pact of 1916 in which the Muslim League and Indian National Congress agreed to reforms, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919 which turned Gandhi against British rule, and the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 which introduced self-governing institutions. It also discusses the Khilafat Movement of 1919-1923, the Delhi Muslim Proposals of 1927, the Nehru Report of 1928, and Jinnah's Fourteen Points in response in
STRUGGLE FOR PAKISTAN AFTER INDIAN REVOLT
The document summarizes important political events in India between the First War of Independence in 1857 and the establishment of Pakistan in 1947. It describes how Muslims suffered after the war, the Aligarh movement led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan to reform Muslim education, the Simla Deputation which advocated for separate electorates, the formation of the All India Muslim League in 1906, the Lucknow Pact between the Congress and Muslim League in 1916, and Jinnah's Fourteen Points in response to the Nehru Report. It also discusses the Government of India Act 1935, the success of the Muslim League in the 1937 elections, the Congress ministries which pursued policies harmful to Muslims, and ultimately the passage of the Pakistan Resolution
Lahore resolution
The Lahore Resolution of 1940 called for independent Muslim states in the northwest and eastern regions of British India where Muslims were in the majority. It asserted that Hindus and Muslims were distinct nations and should not be united in a single state. The resolution passed unanimously and marked a turning point where the Muslim League demanded a separate Muslim state rather than just separate electorates. It boosted Muslim nationalism and unity. The 1945 elections saw the Muslim League win most Muslim seats, validating its claim to represent Muslims. This set the stage for the eventual establishment of Pakistan after further negotiations failed to resolve the political deadlock between Congress and the League.
Cabinet mission plan and simla conference
The document summarizes the Cabinet Mission that was sent to India in 1946 to discuss Indian independence and constitution. The Mission held talks from April to May with political leaders like Jinnah, Gandhi, and Azad. Jinnah demanded a separate Pakistan, while Congress supported a united India. The Mission proposed a three-tier federal structure with provinces grouped by religion. This was initially accepted but then rejected by both Congress and the Muslim League. The talks ultimately failed to achieve an agreement.
Partition of the India
this presentation is to study deeply about the partition of India, some of the movements and what were the impact of Britishers on us after leaving and when they were ruling .
Partition Of India
The document summarizes the key events surrounding the partition of India from 1942 to 1947. It discusses Lord Wavell's plan for more Indian self-government, the Cabinet Mission plan which proposed a loose federation but rejected the Muslim League's demand for Pakistan, and the final Mountbatten plan which accepted the inevitability of partition and set August 15, 1947 as the transfer date, dividing British India into the two new dominions of India and Pakistan. The Indian Independence Act of 1947 formally implemented this partition.
Partition of British India
A very brief history of the partition of British India along with a little bit of photographs for better illustrations.
Lahore Resolution 1940 and Aftermath
Lahore Resolution passed on 24th March, 1940 in Lahore at then Minto Park and now know as Minar-e-Pakistan.
Background of the passage of The Lahore Resolution
October 1940 Gandhiโs announcement of Satyagagrah ( Resistance)
Lahore Resolution passed on 24th march, 1940 in Lahore at then Minto Park and now know as Minar-e-Pakistan
Indian Independence and Partition of India
The document discusses the events leading up to Indian independence and partition. It describes the failed Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 and the subsequent Mountbatten Plan of 1947 that ultimately led to independence and the partition of India and Pakistan. The key events were the Cabinet Mission to India in 1946 to facilitate power transfer, the communal violence and political disputes that ensued, and finally Lord Mountbatten's accelerated plan in 1947 that accepted the inevitability of partition along religious lines. This resulted in the Indian Independence Act of 1947 that officially established the two new dominions and implemented the partition.
Partition Of India
The Partition of India divided British India into two new independent countries - India and Pakistan. On August 14-15, 1947, as Britain withdrew from India, the subcontinent was divided along religious lines into a Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan and Bangladesh. The partition displaced up to 12.5 million people and caused widespread violence, as riots broke out between Hindus and Muslims across the region. Over a million people died in the ensuing violence and chaos of partition.
Abstract
1) Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a prominent leader from British India who led the movement for the establishment of Pakistan as an independent Muslim state.
2) Through his efforts, he united Indian Muslims under the Muslim League and advocated for their right to self-governance, despite opposition from the British and Hindu-led Indian National Congress.
3) Jinnah continued to push for Muslim political and constitutional rights up until 1947 when the British finally agreed to partition British India into two new independent states - Pakistan and India. Jinnah then became Pakistan's first Governor-General.
Short note Lahore Resolution or Pakistan Resolution 1940, Delhi Proposal 1929...
Short note Lahore Resolution or Pakistan Resolution 1940, Delhi Proposal 1929, Allama Iqbal's Presedential Address 1930, Crips Mission, Khilafat Movement
Lucknow pact
The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw the Muslim League and Indian National Congress agree to cooperate in demanding self-rule from the British. The pact conceded that Muslims were a separate nation and guaranteed seats for minority religious groups in provincial legislatures. Muhammad Ali Jinnah negotiated the pact and was hailed as the "Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity." Meanwhile, the Khilafat Movement sought to maintain the status of the Ottoman Caliph and protect Muslim holy sites after World War I, uniting Muslims and Congress. Though it failed to achieve its goals and ended with communal violence, the movement politically awakened Muslims and eroded trust in both the British and Hindus.
Road to the establishment of Pakistan
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Pakistan studies pak301 power point slides lecture 15
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Demography &Population of pakistan
The document discusses population demographics in Pakistan. It defines population as a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area, and demography as the study of human populations in terms of size, composition, distribution, and how populations change over time through births, deaths, and migration. It provides statistics on Pakistan's current population size, population growth rates, birth and death rates, ethnic and religious composition, age structure, literacy rates, education expenditures, health expenditures, urbanization rates, and languages spoken. Rapid population growth and high fertility rates are linked to higher poverty levels.
Geography of pakistan
Pakistan has a population of approximately 193 million as of 2015, making it the 6th most populous country. The population grew rapidly from 32 million in 1951 to over 143 million in 2000, though the growth rate has declined to around 1.6% currently. Punjab province has the largest population share at 57%, while Baluchistan has the smallest at 6%. Around 67% of Pakistanis live in rural areas, with 33% in urban centers, the largest of which are Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, and Rawalpindi.
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This document provides general information about Pakistan, including:
1. It lists facts such as Pakistan's first coin being issued in 1948 and its first stamp in July 1948.
2. It provides details on the capital Islamabad's area, the height of Minar-e-Pakistan, and Quaid-e-Azam's mother tongue and date of birth.
3. It includes questions and answers about locations of salt mines and marble extraction as well as years of important events in Pakistan's history.
Pakistan affairs mcqs book
This document provides information about Pakistan and pre-partition Indian history in a question-answer format. It includes questions about early Muslim invaders of India, Mughal emperors, the establishment of British rule in India, independence movement leaders, and the founding of educational and political institutions in the 19th century. The document also lists important dates, people, and events related to the history of the subcontinent before and during the British colonial period. It aims to be a reference for multiple choice questions on Pakistan affairs and pre-partition Indian history.
Climatic zones of pakistan
Pakistan has four main climatic zones based on its diverse topography:
1) A highland climate in the northern, northwestern, and western mountains with cold winters, mild summers, and high rainfall.
2) A semi-arid to arid lowland climate in the Indus Plain with hot summers, cool winters, and monsoon rainfall varying from north to south.
3) A coastal climate along the southern coast with sea breezes moderating temperatures and humidity over 50% in spring and summer, and little rainfall.
4) An arid climate in southwestern Balochistan and the southeastern desert with extreme heat, dryness, and dust storms.
Pak STUDIES
The All India Muslim League was founded in 1906 at the annual Muhammadan Educational Conference in Dhaka to protect Muslim political interests in British India. Sir Muhammad Shafi proposed the name "All India Muslim League". Its objectives included securing political rights for Muslims, representing their needs to the government, and preventing growth of ill will between Muslims and other groups. The Muslim League went on to play a key role in the Pakistan Movement and the establishment of Pakistan as an independent state for Muslims in South Asia in 1947.
The State Of Pakistan
The document provides an overview of the history of Pakistan since its independence in 1947. It discusses the initial problems faced by Pakistan including the refugee crisis and conflicts over Kashmir. It then outlines the various political leaders and regimes over the decades including Ayub Khan's rule in the 1960s, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in the 1970s, General Zia-ul-Haq in the 1980s, and the struggle for democracy in the 1990s and 2000s. Key events mentioned include the 1965 and 1971 wars with India, Pakistan's pursuit of nuclear weapons, and the impacts of 9/11.
Population in Pakistan by Jamshah
- Pakistan has a population of 185.9 million with a growth rate of 1.6% and birth and death rates of 31/1000 and 8/1000 respectively.
- High population growth is due to early marriages, desire for sons, resistance to family planning and inconsistent government policies. Remedies include increasing the literacy rate, empowering women, and implementing population welfare programs.
- The majority of the labor force works in agriculture but migration to cities is increasing due to mechanization and lack of economic opportunities in rural areas. Unemployment remains a challenge due to high population growth and lack of skills training.
89685837 pakistan-studies-complete-notes-question-answer-format
The document provides a summary of the ideology of Pakistan according to Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. It discusses 19 points from Jinnah's speeches that outline the key principles, including: establishing an Islamic state where Muslims can live freely according to Islamic principles; recognizing Muslims as a separate nation based on the two-nation theory; protecting Muslim culture and language; establishing an economic system based on Islamic concepts of equality and justice; and achieving Muslim unity. The ideology centered on practicing true Islam through a separate homeland where Islamic systems could be established practically.
Climate of pakistan
The document discusses the climate and weather patterns of Pakistan. It describes four main seasons in Pakistan - winter, early summer, late summer, and post-monsoon. Rainfall in Pakistan comes from monsoon winds, western depressions, convectional currents, relief rainfall, and tropical cyclones. Pakistan has several climatic zones including the highland zone with cold winters and mild summers, the arid zone with hot and dry conditions, the lowland zone with hot summers and cool winters, and the coastal zone with moderate temperatures influenced by the sea. Factors like latitude, altitude, and proximity to the sea or desert affect temperatures across Pakistan. Flooding sometimes occurs when excessive monsoon rains cause rivers to
Pakistan movement (1940 1947)
Pakistan Movement 1940-1947............all major political events coverd along with two nation theory.......
Population of pakistan
The document discusses human resources and population issues in Pakistan. It provides background on population growth rates, distribution, and causes of population explosion in Pakistan. Some key points are:
- Pakistan's population growth rate is 2.1% and it is the 6th most populous country, projected to become 4th largest by 2050.
- Factors driving high population growth include high birth rates, lack of education, early marriages, and preference for male children.
- The government needs to implement economic, social, family planning, and administrative measures to address overpopulation, such as modernizing agriculture, expanding industry, and creating rural job opportunities.
Geography of Pakistan
This presentation provides an overview of the geography of Pakistan. It discusses Pakistan's location between India and Central Asia, its provinces, natural diversity including mountains, rivers, deserts and lakes, climatic conditions with variations in temperature, and its agriculture and natural resources like coal, natural gas, and minerals. The presentation contains a map of Pakistan and details its neighbors, provinces, and the physical features and economic activities within the country.
Geography Mcqs
This document contains 24 multiple choice questions about geography. It covers topics like the rotation of planets, the study of the universe, the order of planets in the solar system, layers of the Earth, rivers, rainfall amounts in India, and more. The questions have a single correct answer choice for each.
Industrial disputes act, 1947
The document discusses key definitions and concepts from the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 in India, including definitions of industrial disputes, strikes, lock-outs, layoffs, and the machinery established under the Act for resolving disputes. It provides details on authorities like Works Committees, Conciliation Officers, Boards of Conciliation, Courts of Inquiry, Labour Courts, and Industrial Tribunals that are involved in conciliation and adjudication of disputes. It also explains provisions around illegal strikes and lockouts as well as disputes in public utility services.
Pakistan movement
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan became an inspiration for the Pakistan Movement through his establishment of the Aligarh Muslim University and promotion of the two-nation theory, which argued that Hindus and Muslims are two distinct nations. He urged Muslims to pursue modern education to succeed under British rule. The All-India Muslim League was later founded in 1906 to represent Muslim political interests, organizing the Muslim community's campaign for self-determination that ultimately led to the establishment of Pakistan after the 1940 Pakistan Resolution.
Pakistan Movement
The document summarizes the key factors that led to the demand for a separate Muslim homeland in the Indian subcontinent, which ultimately resulted in the creation of Pakistan. It discusses 12 reasons for the demand, including the desire to establish an Islamic state, the two-nation theory, historical differences between Hindus and Muslims, economic hardships faced by Muslims, and the narrow-mindedness of Hindus. It also outlines the history of the Pakistan movement, from the efforts of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to establish modern education for Muslims and his promotion of the two-nation theory, to the eventual passing of the 1940 Pakistan Resolution demanding independent states for Muslims in India.
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The first cabinet of Pakistan was formed in 1947 with Liaquat Ali Khan as the first Prime Minister. It faced many difficulties establishing an administration for the new country including dealing with riots, refugees, and setting foreign policy. Liaquat Ali Khan helped establish the foundations of Pakistan's government and pursued the drafting of a constitution. However, the country continued to face major problems including the issues of refugees caused by the partition, disputes over water rights with India, and the accession of princely states, most notably the crisis in Kashmir which remained unresolved.
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The document summarizes key events in the Pakistan Movement from 1940 to 1947, including the Lahore Resolution of 1940 which called for independent Muslim states in the northwest and northeast of South Asia, the failure of negotiations like the Cripps Mission and Gandhi-Jinnah talks to resolve Hindu-Muslim tensions, and the Simla Conference of 1945 where representation issues could not be agreed upon, moving the country closer to partition.
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This document provides a summary of the history of Pakistan. It describes how Pakistan gained independence from British rule in 1947 following the partition of British India. Muslim leaders like Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Allama Iqbal played key roles in establishing Pakistan as a separate homeland for Muslims in South Asia. The national anthem and independence day of Pakistan on August 14th are also discussed.
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Ayub Khan became the first martial law administrator in Pakistan in 1958 and suspended the constitution. He later became President and introduced a new constitution in 1962 that established a presidential system. However, unrest grew during his rule, especially between East and West Pakistan. He held a presidential election in 1965 but faced opposition. While his regime saw some development, he was ultimately unable to maintain national harmony in the country.
political history of pakistan 1947-58
The document summarizes key events in Pakistan from 1947 to 1958 after independence. It discusses the formation of Pakistan's first cabinet led by Liaquat Ali Khan as Prime Minister. It also outlines some of the major problems Pakistan faced such as refugees, water disputes with India, and the accession of princely states. In particular, it provides details on the Kashmir conflict and how the issue remains unresolved despite UN resolutions calling for a plebiscite.
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The document summarizes the history of Bangladesh from 1947 to 1971, beginning with the partition of British India and the creation of Pakistan and India as separate states. It describes the establishment of East and West Pakistan on either side of India, and the tensions that arose from their separation and cultural differences. Key events included the Bengali language movement of 1952, the election of 1954 which brought Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to power, and his formulation of the Six Points demand for greater autonomy of East Pakistan. Despite Awami League's victory in the 1970 elections, talks over power sharing failed and led to Bangladesh declaring independence in 1971 after the Pakistan army launched a violent crackdown, resulting in war and Bangladesh gaining independence in December 1971
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Critical-Analysis-of-Political-Developments-1930-1947.pptx
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Poverty is a multifaceted social issue characterized by the lack of sufficient resources needed to meet basic human needs, such as food, shelter, education, and healthcare. It is a global phenomenon affecting millions of people across the world, regardless of geographic location, race, or culture. Poverty can manifest in various forms, including absolute poverty, where individuals lack the basic necessities for survival, and relative poverty, which refers to the inability to maintain the standard of living common in a particular society.
Several factors contribute to the perpetuation of poverty, including unequal distribution of wealth, limited access to education and employment opportunities, inadequate healthcare services, political instability, environmental degradation, and systemic discrimination based on factors such as gender, ethnicity, or disability.
The consequences of poverty are far-reaching and severe, impacting individuals, families, and communities. It undermines human dignity, restricts opportunities for social mobility, and exacerbates inequalities. Poverty often leads to malnutrition, poor health outcomes, inadequate housing, limited access to education, and increased vulnerability to exploitation and violence.
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Pakistan gained independence in 1947 as a sovereign state, with Muhammad Ali Jinnah elected as the first President of Pakistan's Constituent Assembly. In 1949, the Assembly adopted the Objective Resolution to provide guidance for a future constitution based on Islamic ideology. Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated in 1951. Subsequent decades saw military coups, the formation of new political parties like the Pakistan Peoples Party, a war leading to the independence of Bangladesh, and changes to Pakistan's constitution in 1973. General elections were scheduled for May 2013 after the completion of the previous National Assembly's term.
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This document provides a summary of key events in the Pakistan Movement from 1940-1947, including the Civil Disobedience Movement, Cripps Mission, Quit India Movement, Simla Conference, Cabinet Mission Plan, Mountbatten Plan, establishment of Pakistan's Constituent Assembly, Radcliffe Award on borders, and transfer of power on August 14-15, 1947 when Pakistan gained independence with Jinnah as Governor General and Liaquat Ali Khan as first Prime Minister.
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From 1958-1969, Pakistan experienced significant political developments under military rule and President Ayub Khan. In 1958, martial law was declared and Ayub Khan became Chief Martial Law Administrator, ousting President Sikandar Mirza. Ayub Khan introduced a system of Basic Democracies in 1959 and was later elected president in 1960 based on a referendum. However, opposition grew and the constitution was abrogated in 1969, with Ayub handing over power to General Yahya Khan and martial law being enforced once again.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Lecturer Pakistan Studies
- 1. Lecturer Pakistan Sttudies Mcqs PSC Past Paper Mountbatten came to India in March 1947 3. Mountbatten was an officer in British Navy 4. Plan for the Separation of Indo Pakistan was announced on 23rd June 1947 5. Election to the First Constituent Assembly of Pakistan took place in: 1946 6. The first Cabinet of Pakistan consisted of 7 members. 7. Finance Portfolio in the first Cabinet was held by Malik Ghulam Muhammad. 8. The Chief Minister of the following province refused to salute the Pakistani flag in 1947: NWFP 9. CM of NWFP Doctor Khan Sahib was dismissed by Quaid e Azam who was his successor? 10. Chief Minister of the following Province was dismissed by Quaid e Azam Bengal 11. Approximate population of Pakistan at the inception in 1947 was 7 crores 12. First census of Pakistan was held in 1951 13. Population of west Pakistan in 1951was 34 million 14. The only country to oppose Pakistanโs entrance into the UNO in1947 was Afghanistan 15. Total area of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947 was 84,471 sq. miles 16. India stopped the passage of water from the rivers Ravi and Sutluj in April 1948 17. Madhupur Head works is located on the river Ravi 18. Ferozpur Head works is located on river Sutluj 19. Muslim majority Tehsil Zira was handed over to India in Redcliff award it was a tehsil of Ferozepur District. 21. He was the first head of state to visit Pakistan in 1947 Amir of Kuwait 22. Quaid e Azam relief fund was set up in September 1947 23. At the time of division the cash balances of undivided India stood at about Rs. 4,000 million
- 2. 24. India and Pakistan mutually came to an agreement that Pakistan would get Rs. 750 crore as her share. 25. Only Rs. 200 crors had been paid as an interim installment 26. Referendum in 1947 in NWFP province was held in July. 27. On 15th August 1947 the state of Junaghadh announced that it had acceded to Pakistan. 28. He was the first Governor of Punjab Francis Moody. 29. Governor Moody imposed the Governor Rule in Punjab in January 1949. 30. Pakistan Fund was setup by Quaid in June 1947. 31. State Bank of Pakistan was inaugurated by Quaid in July 1948. 32. The initial assets of SBP were equal to three Crore 33. Karachi was declared Federal area by the legislative Assembly in May 1948. 34. He was the only Muslim to oppose the Objectives Resolution in the Assembly. Mian Iftikhar โud- din 35. โThe Myth of Independenceโ was written by Z.A. Bhutto 36. Muslim yesterday and today was written by A.B.Rajput 37. Pakistanโs flag was designed by two brothers and name of one of them is Altaf Hussain. 38. White strip in the flag was added in August 1947. When was moon and star added in the flag February 1949. 39. Ayub Khoro ministry in Sindh was dissolved by Quaid in April1948. 40. The Quaid delivered his last message to the nation on: 27th August, 1948. 41. He was called the iron man of NWFP Khan Qayyum Khan 42. Peer Sahib Manki Shareef founded the following party in September 1949 Awami Muslim League 43. In the East Bengal elections were held in 1954 44. He is the only man to be prosecuted under PRODA Khoro 45. It was the first opposition party of the country Jinnah Awami League
- 3. 46. Awami League was found by Abdul Hameded Bhashani in 1950 47. Rawalpindi Conspiracy was unearthed in March 1951 48. The accused of the conspiracy were prosecuted in the following jail Hyderabad Jail 49. Liaqat Nehru Pact announced at Delhi in April 1950. 50. Liaquat ali Khan visited America in May 1950