The document summarizes major events of World War 1 from 1915-1916. It discusses Winston Churchill's failed Gallipoli campaign against the Ottoman Empire, the ongoing battles and losses on the Eastern Front for Russia, Italy joining the war against Germany and Austria, the first use of poison gas by Germany, and the devastating battles of Verdun and the Somme that resulted in over a million casualties each with little territorial gain.

1. 1915 -1916

2. World Wide War War spreads to Asia & Africa with Colonial forces and other allies (i.e. Japan allying with the Entente) fighting Japan seizes control of German Sphere of influence in China German colonial forces fight successful defensive campaign against British colonial forces in East Africa (now Kenya)

3. A Plan to knock the Turks out Winston Churchill proposes plan in late 1914 to invade Ottoman Empire near capital city of Istanbul, knocking them out of the war Churchill’s plan has some supporters, many enemies

4. Gallipoli April 1915 – British land ANZAC forces on Gallipoli peninsula Turks in much greater strength than reported Battle turns into a stalemate British forces evacuated in January 1916

5. Despair in the East Russia continues losses from Tannenburg November 1914 – Russians defeated by Austria at Battle of the Masurian Lakes Germans launch successful offensive into Poland in 1915

6. America nearly enters the war May 1915 – British liner Lusitania sunk by German submarine off coast of Ireland Over 100 Americans die US demands apology, and receives one from Germany, who pledges to stop Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

7. A Different kind of Naval War German Navy kept in harbor by British blockade German naval activity mostly done by submarines (U-Boats) 1916 – German Navy gets out of port to confront British fleet off coast of Denmark Battle of Jutland is a draw, but German fleet returns to port and does not threaten battle again

8. Russia in Turmoil Tsar Nicholas goes to the front to take personal command in 1916 Tsarina Alexandra takes over day-to-day running of Empire Alexandra under the influence of Siberian Mystic, Grigori Rasputin, who was able to control Hemophilia of Heir to Russian throne, Alexei Alexandra hated for her background (German) and her reliance on Rasputin

9. Italy Joins the War 1915 – Italy joins the war on the side of the Entente, against her former allies Germany & Austria Italian Army fights Austrians in the Alps

10. Serbia Defeated 1916 – Austria launches full-scale attack on Serbia Serbia conquered, Government forced to flee

11. New Weapons 1915 – Poison Gas first used by Germans at Ypres, Belgium – Devastatingly effective until the development of Gas Masks 1916 – Battle of the Somme – British first use armored, tracked vehicles, still known by their code name – “(water) Tanks” Prone to breakdowns, very short operational range & too few numbers to be effective

12. “ THEY SHALL NOT PASS” 1916 – Germany launches offensive to capture forts surrounding French city of Verdun German intent – “To Bleed France White” French Commander, Henri Petain, leads resistance, famous quote Total casualties for 11-month battle – 750,000 men

13. The Somme British anxious to take pressure away from French at Verdun Late June – British shell German lines for 1 week July 1 – British lose 60,000 men on the first day of battle - Commander refuses to adjust strategy Total casualties for 4 ½ month battle – over 1 million men British gain only 2 miles of territory – 2 men lost for every centimeter