Lecture 27 1-2022
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The document discusses the Otto, Diesel, and Dual combustion cycles. It states that in the Otto cycle combustion occurs at constant volume, while in the Diesel cycle it occurs at constant pressure. However, in reality combustion cannot happen instantly at either constant volume or constant pressure. The Dual cycle is a compromise between the two. For the same heat input and compression ratio, the Otto cycle has the lowest heat rejection and highest efficiency, while the Diesel cycle has the highest heat rejection and lowest efficiency. The Dual cycle efficiency is between the two.
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http://www.ijriset.com/pdf/mech/VOLUME%203/IJRI-ME-03-033/IJRI-ME-03-033%20STRUCTURAL%20AND%20MODAL%20ANALYSIS%20OF%20AN%20ENGINE%20BLOCK%20BY%20VARYING%20MATERIALS.html#
http://www.ijriset.com/pdf/mech/VOLUME%203/IJRI-ME-03-033/IJRI-ME-03-033%20STRUCTURAL%20AND%20MODAL%20ANALYSIS%20OF%20AN%20ENGINE%20BLOCK%20BY%20VARYING%20MATERIALS.pdf
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structural and modal analysis of an engine block by varying materials
The largest part of the engine is cylinder block. The upper section of the cylinder block consists of cylinders and pistons. Crankcase is supported by the crankshaft and it is placed in the lower section. Aluminum cylinder blocks are lighter than the cast-iron cylinder blocks of the same size. Cylinder block, pistons, cylinder head, crankshaft and connecting rods are the major elements of the engine. IC engine cooling uses either a liquid or gas to remove the unnecessary heat from an internal combustion engine. For special purpose and small engines, air cooling makes for a lightweight and relatively simple system, if we use the materials with better waste heat dissipation it will help in achieving better efficiencies and long life of the engine.
http://www.ijriset.com/pdf/mech/VOLUME%203/IJRI-ME-03-033/IJRI-ME-03-033%20STRUCTURAL%20AND%20MODAL%20ANALYSIS%20OF%20AN%20ENGINE%20BLOCK%20BY%20VARYING%20MATERIALS.html#
http://www.ijriset.com/pdf/mech/VOLUME%203/IJRI-ME-03-033/IJRI-ME-03-033%20STRUCTURAL%20AND%20MODAL%20ANALYSIS%20OF%20AN%20ENGINE%20BLOCK%20BY%20VARYING%20MATERIALS.pdf
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A cylinder block is an integrated structure comprising the cylinder(s) of a reciprocating engine and often some or all of their associated surrounding structures. The term engine block is often used synonymously with "cylinder block" The analysis of the combustion chamber is done by using different materials. By conducting the above analysis on the combustion chamber combustion rate, pressure and temperature gradient conditions are found and the best material for the combustion chamber is suggested.
Thermal analysis is conducted to find heat dissipation rate in engine block with the variation of materials Structural and fatigue analysis (dynamic) is conduct on engine block at working load conditions to evaluate and compare stress, strain, deformation and fatigue life with the variation of materials.
Frequency analysis is conducted on engine block with the variation of materials to evaluate frequency, Using these values material selection will be done, the value should be nearby previous one (cast iron) maximum accepted variation value 65HZ.
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Knocking occurs due to spontaneous combustion of the remaining fuel-air mixture after normal combustion. It results in an uncontrolled combustion process that generates shock waves and excessive pressure and temperature. Knocking happens when there are two flame fronts inside the engine cylinder rather than a uniform propagation of a single flame front from top to bottom. Factors that can cause knocking include poor fuel quality, improper engine cooling, and suboptimal engine design parameters such as valve size and position of fuel injectors.
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THERMAL INVESTIGATION (PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION) ON BOX TYPE CYLINDER HEAD OF A ...
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2presentation otto-cycle-101225122612-phpapp012 - copy
2presentation otto-cycle-101225122612-phpapp012 - copy
structural and modal analysis of an engine block by varying materials
structural and modal analysis of an engine block by varying materials
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This document discusses the effect of injection timing and coolant temperatures on cold and hot engine startability and emissions in a DI diesel engine. Tests were conducted at four coolant temperatures (-10, 0, 25, 50°C) and four injection timings (12, 15, 20, 23° BTDC) to evaluate their impact. The results showed that increasing temperature significantly reduced starting time due to better fuel atomization and vaporization at higher combustion chamber temperatures. Emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide were extremely high during cold starting, particularly at -10°C, but decreased substantially with increasing temperature. Combustion instability and noise were also significant issues at low starting temperatures and retarded injection timings.
A Critical Review on the Concept of Effect on Scavenging and Fuel Injection T...
In present study, A spark ignition and a compression ignition engine with uniflow valve scavenging of the cylinder and a transfer valve in the piston crown have been described. A great disadvantage of two-stroke engines is ports which are made in the cylinder bearing surface. Under the heat which is realised during the combustion, the thermal extension of the range in proximity of the ports and other parts of the cylinder is different and so the distortion of the geometry of the cylinder liner surface force the designer to make the clearance between the piston and the cylinder liner bigger. This paper presents the critical review to study the effect of fuel injection timing and scavenging using diesel on the combustion and emission characteristics of a single cylinder, two stroke, air cooled direct injection diesel engine. It is well known that injection strategies including the injection timing and pressure play the most important role in determining engine performance, especially in scavenging emissions. However, the injection timing and pressure quantitatively affect the performance of the diesel engine.
11.[42 53]an experimental investigation of performance and emission in ethano...
This document summarizes an experimental study on using ethanol as fuel in internal combustion engines. It discusses two modes tested: high compression spark ignition with manifold injection of ethanol, and ultra-high compression direct injection of ethanol. For both modes, engine performance and emissions were tested with and without zirconia coating on pistons and cylinders. The high compression spark ignition mode showed similar efficiency to diesel but significantly lower emissions. The direct injection mode fell between diesel and manifold injection modes for efficiency. Overall, ethanol provided lower operating costs than diesel. The document also reviews engine modifications, experimental setup, and testing procedures for the study.
IRJET- Optimising the Diesel Additives in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine
This document summarizes a study that tested various diesel fuel additives in a single cylinder diesel engine to evaluate performance and emissions. Cyclohexylamine, diethyl ether (DEE), methyl acetate, and amyl alcohol were tested at concentrations of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 ml added to diesel fuel. Testing was conducted across a range of engine loads. Results showed that amyl alcohol provided the best balance of performance and low emissions, with higher thermal efficiency, lower specific fuel consumption and oxides of nitrogen emissions than diesel alone, especially at higher loads. Cyclohexylamine also performed well but had some disadvantages compared to amyl alcohol. Overall, amyl alcohol showed potential as an additive to
History of gasoline direct compression ignition (gdci) engine a review
Abstract The first single-cylinder gasoline direct compression ignition (GDCI) engine was designed and built in 2010 by Delphi Companyfor testing performance, emissions and Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Then after achieving the good results in performance, emissions and BSFCfrom single-cylinder engine, multi-cylinder GDCI engine was built in 2013. The compression ignition engine has limitations such as high noise, weight, PM and NOX emissions compared to gasoline engine. But the high efficiency, torque and better fuel economy of compression ignition engine are the reasons of Delphi Company to use compression ignition strategy for building a new combustion system. The objective of the present review study involves the reasons of building of the GDCI engine in detail. Keywords: Delphi Company,Emissions, Multi-Cylinder GDCI engine andSingle-CylinderGDCI Engine.
Generation of electrcity from gasoline engine waste heat
This document summarizes a study that investigated using thermoelectric generators (TEGs) to generate electricity from the waste heat of a gasoline engine. The study included:
1) Setting up a test rig with a Cussons gasoline engine and attaching TEGs to the exhaust pipe and cooling water pipe to recover waste heat.
2) Performing experiments under idle and load conditions of the engine and measuring the electrical output of the TEGs.
3) Finding that while the overall efficiency of the TEGs was low due to irreversibilities, the output power established that usable electrical power can be obtained from engine waste heat.
Hq3613511354
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Hq3613511354
The document discusses the effect of ignition timing on the performance and emissions of a spark ignition engine fueled with gasoline and methanol-gasoline blends. Experiments were conducted by varying the ignition timing from 25 to 30 degrees before top dead center. The results show that engine performance in terms of brake thermal efficiency and volumetric efficiency was highest at an ignition timing of 28 degrees for the methanol blend. Ignition timing also affected exhaust gas temperature and emissions, with advance timing reducing temperature and hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. The study concluded that ignition timing can be optimized to improve engine performance and reduce emissions when using alcohol-gasoline blends.
Effect of Inlet Air Preheating on Exhaust Gases in Single Cylinder I.C Engine
This document summarizes a study on the effect of preheating inlet air on exhaust gas emissions and fuel consumption in a single cylinder internal combustion engine. The study used a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the engine exhaust gases to preheat the inlet air supplied to the engine. Results showed that preheating the inlet air led to reductions in carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxide emissions from the engine. Carbon dioxide emissions remained unchanged with inlet air preheating. Fuel consumption time, or engine efficiency, increased with higher inlet air temperatures due to preheating.
Effect of fuel injection timing
This document summarizes a study on the effect of varying fuel injection timing on the performance, combustion, and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with palm oil methyl ester (POME). A computer simulation model was used to analyze advancing and retarding the injection timing from the baseline of 23° before top dead center (btdc) by 2° crank angles. The simulation results show that advancing or retarding the injection timing beyond the baseline value leads to inferior engine performance, combustion, and higher emissions. Both advancing and retarding the injection timing reduced brake thermal efficiency and increased brake specific fuel consumption compared to the baseline timing. However, retarding the timing had a smaller impact on performance. Retarding the timing also increased
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF SINGLE CYL...
The document experimentally investigates the performance and emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine with a modified piston.
The researchers created a modified piston with two cutouts and two protrusions to improve swirl and fuel-air mixing. Testing showed that the modified piston enhanced brake thermal efficiency and increased emissions like CO and HC at higher loads compared to a regular piston, due to a richer air-fuel mixture.
Emissions of NOx and O2 were lower for the modified piston engine, while other emissions like CO2 were similar between engines. The modified piston had little impact on brake thermal efficiency and fuel consumption compared to a conventional diesel engine.
History of gasoline direct compression ignition (gdci)
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Ijmet 10 02_001
Automatic timer on the injection pump, with an automatic timer spring or spring,
experiencing wear or reduced pressure. As a result of the wear of the automatic timer
spring, the fuel spraying time is delayed especially when operating with heavy loads, the
motor can not reach normal power even sometimes the motor dies suddenly. The
purpose to be achieved in this paper is to find out how much heat loss from combustion
due to the delay in spraying fuel. The research was conducted at PT. Salam Pasifik
Indonesia Lines Merauke branch. The method used in this writing is based on secondary
data. The data taken is data specifications of Nissan UD50 Diesel motor which is the
driving motor for heavy equipment, besides that, also data on fuel consumption in
normal conditions and fuel consumption when there is a delay in spraying fuel. The
calculation results show that the occurrence of slowness in spraying this fuel will have
an impact on the amount of heat produced in combustion, with normal conditions the
amount of fuel combustion heat is 33633 Kcal / hour, while the amount of fuel
combustion due to late spraying is 26936.7 Kcal / hour, which means that there is an
energy loss of 6696.3 Kcal / kg or a power loss of around 10.44 HP.
Chapter3-Engine Cyclesشرح محاضرة الاسبوع التاسع.ppt
The document discusses several internal combustion engine cycles including the dual cycle, Otto cycle, diesel cycle, Miller cycle, two-stroke cycles, Stirling cycle, and Lenoir cycle. The dual cycle injects fuel earlier in the compression stroke compared to early diesel engines, allowing some combustion at constant volume. The Miller cycle has a longer expansion stroke than compression stroke, improving efficiency. Two-stroke cycles have advantages of simplicity but higher emissions. The Stirling cycle uses external combustion and can achieve theoretical maximum efficiency. The Lenoir cycle was the first successful internal combustion engine, igniting fuel without compression.
Am32674677
The document discusses the effect of turbocharging on the volumetric efficiency of an insulated direct injection diesel engine fueled with alcohol. Volumetric efficiency drops in insulated engines due to higher combustion chamber temperatures. To compensate for this, the engine was turbocharged to raise intake boost pressure. Testing showed that a boost pressure of 790 mmHg optimized volumetric efficiency and improved brake thermal efficiency by up to 4.3% over the insulated engine alone. Turbocharging also reduced ignition delay, exhaust smoke, and increased peak pressure while only marginally raising exhaust temperatures. The results indicate turbocharging can improve performance of insulated alcohol-fueled diesel engines.
M012228693
This document provides an overview of direct fuel injection in two-stroke petrol engines. It discusses how direct fuel injection allows for proper fuel-air mixing, improved combustion control, lower emissions, and increased power output compared to carbureted two-stroke engines. Direct injection enables different combustion modes like ultra-lean burn that improve fuel efficiency. The advantages of direct injection in two-stroke engines include reduced weight, simpler design, lower emissions due to precise fuel control, and higher efficiency through optimal fuel usage.
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Lecture 27 1-2022
- 1. Air Standard Cycles (TME 603) Subject: Internal Combustion Engines Dr. Yashvir Singh Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 05-04-2022 Department of Mechanical Engineering, GEU 1
- 2. In the Otto cycle, combustion is assumed at constant volume while in Diesel cycle combustion is at constant pressure. In practice they are far from real. Since, some time interval is required for the chemical reactions during combustion process, the combustion cannot take place at constant volume. Similarly, due to rapid uncontrolled combustion in diesel engines, combustion does not occur at constant pressure. The Dual cycle, also called a mixed cycle or limited pressure cycle, is a compromise between Otto and Diesel cycles. Dual Cycle 2
- 3. 05-04-2022 Department of Mechanical Engineering, GEU 3
- 4. 05-04-2022 Department of Mechanical Engineering, GEU 4
- 5. 05-04-2022 Department of Mechanical Engineering, GEU 5 COMPARISON OF THE OTTO, DIESEL AND DUAL CYCLES All the cycles start from the same initial state point 1 and the air is compressed from state 1 to 2 as the compression ratio is same. It is seen from the T -s diagram for the same heat input, the heat rejection in Otto cycle (area 5146) is minimum and heat rejection in Diesel cycle (514 6 ) is maximum. Consequently Otto cycle has the highest work output and efficiency. Diesel cycle has the least efficiency and Dual cycle having the efficiency between the two. For same compression ratio and heat addition, ηOtto > ηDual > ηDiesel.
- 6. 05-04-2022 Department of Mechanical Engineering, GEU 6 From the T -s diagram in Fig.2.10 it is clear that QS > Q S i.e., heat supplied in the Otto cycle is more than that of the Diesel cycle. Hence, it is evident that, the efficiency of the Otto cycle is greater than the efficiency of the Diesel cycle for a given compression ratio and heat rejection. Also, for the same compression ratio and heat rejection, ηOtto > ηDual > ηDiesel.
- 7. 05-04-2022 Department of Mechanical Engineering, GEU 7
- 8. 05-04-2022 Department of Mechanical Engineering, GEU 8