7. Computer
• A computer is a device that can be instructed
to carry out arbitrary sequences of arithmetic
or logical operations automatically.
• The ability of computers to follow generalized
sets of operations, called programs, enables
them to perform an extremely wide range of
tasks.
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8. Computer Hardware
• Hardware represents the physical and tangible
components of a computer, i.e. the components
that can be seen and touched.
Examples of Hardware are the following:
• Input devices − keyboard, mouse, etc.
• Output devices − printer, monitor, etc.
• Secondary storage devices − Hard disk, CD, DVD, etc.
• Internal components − CPU, motherboard, RAM, etc.
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12. CPU
• Alternately referred to as a processor, central
processor, or microprocessor, the CPU
(pronounced sea-pea-you) is the Central
Processing Unit of the computer.
• A computer's CPU handles all instructions it
receives from hardware and software running
on the computer.
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13. CPU
• The picture below is an example of what the
top and bottom of an Intel Pentium processor
may look.
• The processor is placed and secured into a
compatible CPU socket found on the
motherboard.
• Processors produce heat, so they are covered
with a heat sink to keep them cool and
running smoothly.
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15. CPU history
• The first processor released by Intel was the
4004 processor early 1970's.
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16. Components of the CPU
In the CPU
• The primary components are the ALU
(Arithmetic Logic Unit) that performs
mathematical, logical, and decision operations
and the CU (Control Unit) that directs all of
the processors operations.
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18. Computer ROM
• A good example of ROM in the computer is
the computer BIOS.
• Using a non-volatile storage is the only way to
begin the start up process for computers and
other devices that use a similar start up
process.
• ROM chips are also used in gaming system.
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20. Computer RAM
• RAM chips are also used in computers, as well
as other devices, to store information and run
programs on the computer because RAM is
one of the fastest types of memory in your
computer.
• For example, the Internet browser you are
using to read this page has been loaded into
memory and is running from memory.
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22. ROM and RAM
• There is one major difference between a ROM
and a RAM chip.
• A ROM chip is non-volatile storage and does not
require a constant source of power to retain
information stored on it.
• When power is lost or turned off, a ROM chip will
keep the information stored on it.
• In contrast, a RAM chip is volatile and requires a
constant source of power to retain information.
When power is lost or turned off, a RAM chip will
lose the information stored on it.
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23. Other differences between a ROM and
a RAM chip include
• A ROM chip is used primarily in the start up
process of a computer, whereas a RAM chip is
used in the normal operations of a computer
after starting up and loading the operating
system.
• Writing data to a ROM chip is a slow process,
whereas writing data to a RAM chip is a faster
process.
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24. Other differences between a ROM and
a RAM chip include
• A RAM chip can store multiple gigabytes (GB)
of data, up to 16 GB or more per chip.
• A ROM chip typically stores only several
megabytes (MB) of data, up to 4 MB or more
per chip.
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