1. Scientific management and psychological humanism both aim to manage human nature to obtain better workers, with scientific management viewing people as naturally 'bad' and psychological humanism viewing people as naturally 'good'. 2. Durkheim analyzed how lack of social solidarity can lead to higher suicide rates, and how organizations regulate themselves to ensure workers 'fit in'. 3. Weber analyzed how rational organization of labor through bureaucracy legitimizes power over workers, identified forms of social action and authority, and discussed bureaucracy as creating an 'iron cage' of rationality in modern society.

1. 6 Perspectives on Social Theory & Work

2. ‘Ways’ of Seeing How does discourse and language shape our understanding of an organisaiton? Post-Modernism How do capitalists continually exploit the working class ? Marx How do managers legitimize their power over workers? Weber How do workers make sense of their role in the organisation? Symbolic Interactionism How does an organisation regulate itself and ensure its workers ‘fit in’? Durkheim How can we manage human nature to obtain better workers? Scientific Mgmt / Psychological Humanism

3. 1a Scientific Management (or Taylorism)

5. Scientific Management Breaking down of tasks and job fragmentation – “cutting up jobs into smaller and smaller tasks” Separation of planning from execution – “don’t think, just work!” De-skilling, lower job-learning time, and continual separation of tasks – “the less you do the better”

9. 1b Psychological Humanism

12. Comparing Theory X and Y Theory X – people are naturally ‘bad’ (scientific management) Theory Y – people are naturally ‘good’ (psychological humanism) Both approaches focusing on managing human nature .

14. 2. Durkheim & Systems

17. Suicides Divorced, more than non-divorced Protestant more than communal religion Single, more than married Suicide often a result of anomie i.e. a LACK of social solidarity.

18. Weber’s Key Questions What is sociology’s role? Exploring most rational way people and societies can obtain their goals (ends) Explains social action and causal / consequential effects How is bureacracy created? Protestant ethic brought about rational organisation of labour Bureacracy is institutionalisation of formal rationality How does bureacracy legitimate itself? What are the effects of bureaucracy?

19. Theory of social action Moral neutrality is worthless to sociology – sociology cannot comment on your values but can prescribe means to attain your ‘ends’ Value orientation is essential: How ‘behaviour’ becomes ‘action’ – how do derive the meaning of an action? Answer : human rationality. Formative vs. substantive rationality Ideal type 4 kinds of action Power/domination Protestant ethic Bureaucracy – formal rationality, iron cage, society as machine

20. The Protestant Ethic

23. 4 Kinds of Action

24. Traditional Action

26. Affective Action

29. Rational Action

31. 3 Kinds of Domination

32. Traditional Authority

34. Charismatic Authority

35. WWOD?

37. Rational-Legal Authority

38. Lady Justice?

39. The ‘Iron Cage’