1. HISTORY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION:
1648 TO PRESENT
LECTURE 18:
HOW DID SOLDIERS EXPERIENCE WWI?

2. I. Causes of WWI
A. Long-term causes
1. Bismark and the System of Alliances

3. Europe, 1914
Triple
Entente
Triple Alliance

4. I. Causes of WWI
A. Long-term causes
1. Bismark and the System of Alliances
2. Balkan Wars

6. I. Causes of WWI
A. Long-term causes
B. Short-term causes
1. On June 28, 1914, a Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo
Princip, assassinates the heir to the Habsburg
monarchy, Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife
Sofie during a visit to Sarajevo

7. Sophia and Francis Ferdinand, Archduke and Archduchess of
Hungary

8. Capture of Princip

9. I. Causes of WWI
A. Long-term causes
B. Short-term causes
1. On June 28, 1914, a Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo
Princip, assassinates the heir to the Habsburg
monarchy, Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife
Sofie during a visit to Sarajevo
2. Austria-Hungary reacted strongly  gave ultimatum to
Serbia on July 23, 1914  obviously stated to provoke
a war
3. July 28, 1914 Austria declares war on Serbia

10. I. Causes of WWI
II. Course of WWI
A. Schlieffen Plan
B. New Technologies

11. I. Causes of WWI
II. Course of WWI
A. Schlieffen Plan
B. New Technologies

13. French Soldiers at Verdun Frontline

14. French Soldiers at Verdun

15. German Troops go “Over the Top”

16. I. Causes of WWI
II. Course of WWI
III. The Culture of WWI
A. The Home Front
Rationing Bread and Wine in
Vienna during WWI

17. I. Causes of WWI
II. Course of WWI
III. The Culture of WWI
A. The Home Front
B. Gender
To the Young Women of London,
Is your “Best Boy” wearing Khaki?
If not don’t YOU THINK he should be?
If he does not think that you and your country are worth
fighting for – do you think that he is WORTHY of you?

20. Go, O soldier, and fulfill thy duty.
Christ, The Good Shepherd, watches his flocks.
Lord, Thy Kingdom Come,
And As Thy Will is in Heaven
May it also be on earth.

21. I. Causes of WWI
II. Course of WWI
III. The Culture of WWI
A. The Home Front
B. Gender
C. Class
D. Lost Generation

22. THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

23. I. Russia to 1905
A. The Great Reforms
1. Russia to 1850
2. Crimean War
3. Alexander II (r. 1855-1881),
the “Tsar Liberator”
a. Village Commune (mir)
b. Commercial Farmers
(kulaks)
Alexander II

24. I. Russia to 1905
A. The Great Reforms
1. Russia to 1850
2. Crimean War
3. Alexander II (r. 1855-1881),
the “Tsar Liberator”
4. Modernization of the State
a. Railroads
b. Industrialization
Trans-Siberian Railroad (built 1891-1916)

25. I. Russia to 1905
A. The Great Reforms
1. Russia to 1850
2. Crimean War
3. Alexander II (r. 1855-1881),
the “Tsar Liberator”
4. Modernization of the State

26. I. Russia to 1905
A. The Great Reforms
B. Significance of Russian Reforms

27. I. Russia to 1905
II. 1905 to 1917
A. Industry and Society
B. Russo-Japanese War (1904-5)
Admiral Togo's defeat of the Russian fleet on May 27-28,
1905 in the battle of Tsushima in the Straights of Korea

28. I. Russia to 1905
II. 1905 to 1917
A. Industry and Society
B. Russo-Japanese War (1904-5)
1. Bloody Sunday (January 9, 1905)
2. Soviets
3. Reforms and the
Duma
Demonstrators Being Shot at Narew Gate, St. Petersburg (January 9, 1905)

29. I. Russia to 1905
II. 1905 to 1917
III. The Two Revolutions
A. Consequences of WWI
1. The Eastern Front
Russian Dead in WWI

30. I. Russia to 1905
II. 1905 to 1917
III. The Two Revolutions
A. Consequences of WWI
1. The Eastern Front
2. Imperial Intrigue
3. The Home Front
Rasputin

31. I. Russia to 1905
II. 1905 to 1917
III. The Two Revolutions
A. Consequences of WWI
1. The February Revolution
a. Provisional Government and Kerenski
b. Petrograd Soviet
c. Marxists: Mensheviks and Bolsheviks
d. Lenin’s “April Theses”: “peace, land, and bread”

32. I. Russia to 1905
II. 1905 to 1917
III. The Two Revolutions
A. Consequences of WWI
1. The February Revolution
2. The October Revolution
A. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

33. Lenin Speaking on May Day 1918

34. I. Russia to 1905
II. 1905 to 1917
III. The Two Revolutions
IV. Civil War (1918-22)
A. Whites and the Reds
L. M. Lissitzsky, Beat the Whites
with the Red Wedge (1919)

35. I. Russia to 1905
II. 1905 to 1917
III. The Two Revolutions
IV. Civil War (1918-22)
A. Whites and the Reds
B. Execution of the
Royal Family
Nicholas II and Family

36. Execution Room of Romanov Family

37. I. Russia to 1905
II. 1905 to 1917
III. The Two Revolutions
IV. Civil War (1918-22)
A. Whites and the Reds
B. Execution of the
Royal Family
C. Consequences
1. Economy
2. Politburo led by Lenin