The document contains past paper questions related to motivation from management studies. It includes questions on goal setting, motivation theories like equity theory, expectancy theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, job enrichment, intrinsic motivation, self-actualization, and non-monetary motivation factors. Questions also address management by objectives approach, job descriptions, accountability, high achievers, reward systems, and participation in decision making.

1. Chapter 07 – Motivation
Past paper questions 1
Q Superior Electrical Products Limited manufactures various kinds of electrical goods
and sells its products in the domestic market. The company has recently expanded its
production capacity as it plans to enter into the export market. To achieve effective
coordination, the management is of the opinion that the various departments should be
assigned specific performance goals to meet the quality requirements and delivery
schedules for the domestic and export markets. This is particularly important because
several new employees will be inducted who would have to work in a team
environment with the existing work force.
State what advantages would be achieved byimplementing a formal goal setting system
in the company. (10)
Q. Explain the concept of motivation as discussed in the Equity Theory of Work
Motivation.(10)
Q. Knowledgeable Human Resource Managers recognise that implementing policies of
Job Enrichment result in strong Intrinsic or Internal Motivation among the employees.
Discuss what is meant by Job Enrichment and Intrinsic Motivation. (06)
Q. Various studies in Organisational Behaviour have shown that the Expectancy Theory
of Motivation has considerable validity and is widely applied by managers to achieve
high levels of performance from employees. Explain the salient features of the
Expectancy Theory of Motivation. (06)
Q. Self-actualisation is a concept which has gained wide recognition in psychological and
motivational theories after its enunciation in Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs.
Explain the concept of self-actualisation. (04)
Q. Employee Motivation involves complex issues requiring insight in theories of rewards
and compensation, human psychology and understanding of sensitivities of individual
employees.
List ten Non-Monetary Factors which would help to create greater Employee
Motivation in individuals towards extra efforts for superior performance. (05)
Note: List only. Explanations are not required.
Q. Enlightened corporate managers realise that a competent and loyal work force
contributes immensely to the creation of competitive advantage for organisations
engaged in knowledge–based business activities.
Briefly explain four policy measures which enlightened corporate management should
adopt to create an internal environment to retain its most competent professional
workers and discourage them from joining its competitors. (06)
Q. (a) What is meant by Management by Objectives (MBO)? (02)
(b) State the steps involved in the process of establishing goals and plans by MBO. (04)
Q. Behbood Hospital Services (BHS), located in a populated city area, is a large-size
hospital with facilities of general, semi-private and private wards, besides a busy out-
patient department. BHS is a fully-equipped hospital with several operating theatres, a
modern laboratory and other ancillary equipments. BHS has on its payroll renowned
specialists/consultants, besides supporting staff consisting of junior doctors, qualified
nurses, trainee nurses, lab technicians, receptionists and other staff. The Hospital

2. Chapter 07 – Motivation
Past paper questions 2
enjoys a good reputation because of the competence, caring attitude and dedication of
its human resources who function as a coordinated and motivated team. Both the
specialists and the supporting staff are well aware of the fact that their close team effort
and co-operation are critical for rendering efficient health-care services to the patients.
However, in the past 12 months, BHS has experienced an unusual phenomenon as some
of the most competent specialists/consultants have submitted their resignations because
they have received lucrative offers from the middle-eastern countries. In order to retain
and recruit more qualified specialists, BHS management has decided to increase, across
the board, basic salaries of the specialists/consultants by 25 per cent. The support staff
which can be recruited with comparative ease would receive an increase of 10 per cent
in line with the current rate of inflation.
Identify and explain the anticipated impact of the differences in the pay raises on the
motivation and performance of the support staff. Also state how could this affect the
working of the Hospital and the quality of professional care of the patients. (09)
Q. Briefly explain the concept of ‘Job Description’. (2.5)
Q. Identify and explain briefly the different Levels of Needs as enumerated by Maslow in
his theory of Hierarchy of Needs. (08)
Q. In local labour intensive manufacturing companies, it has been observed that the
immediate monetary rewards linked with performance are good motivators and create
a win-win situation. Workers and supervisors are hardly moved by long term
organizational benefits. Some experts treat this as a disadvantageous situation for our
industry as it hinders stable, loyal and committed workforce.
(a) Comment on the power of money as a tool to motivate employees. Does increase in
pay always result in improved productivity and performance? Please give reasons to
support your answer. (05)
(b) How would you define ‘intrinsic motivation’ and what are the important factors for
creating intrinsic motivation in employees? Identify and explain briefly. (06)
Q. (a) Discuss the factors associated with job satisfaction. (04)
(b) Discuss critically Herzberg’s theory of motivation by taking into account the factors
that contribute to satisfaction and dissatisfaction among employees. (05)
Q. “Managers should be held accountable for what they do with their authority and the
resources available at their disposal. Making them accountable is achieved through
planning and control mechanism.” Discuss. (07)
Q. ‘The achievement motive can be expressed as a desire to perform in terms of a standard
of excellence.’ In the light of this statement discuss the characteristics of high
achievers.(05)
Q. What do you mean by MBO? Enlist the weaknesses in MBO. (05)
Q. Reward system of an organization is a critical factor to employee performance. Please
explain. Also discuss different types of reward systems. (08)
Q. “Participation in decision making generally fosters a sense of identification with the
firm, a positive quality of working life and enhanced mental health”. Comment. (05)

3. Chapter 07 – Motivation
Past paper questions 3
Q. Suggest the various ways of keeping the existing junior managers motivated in a large
organization, which is facing economic and financial constraints, due to which already
a lot of downsizing in the middle management has taken place. (07)
Q. Suggest different ways of keeping the Managers motivated. Elaborate your answer by
giving examples. (05)
Q. Explain the two-factor Theory of Motivation propounded by Herzberg. (05)
Q. Describe the characteristics of high achievers in work place. (07)
Q. What in your view, are the advantages of MBO approach over a system in which
employees are regularly judged appraised and rewarded on performance towards
objectives laid down by top management. (12)
Q. List down various theories of motivation and discuss the most important one in
detail.(15)
Q. Fancy Apparel Company Limited is presently in the business of manufacture of
garments for the middle-class segment of the market. The Company has ambitious
plans to enter in the high-fashion ladies garment business. To achieve effective
coordination, the management is of the opinion that various departments should be
assigned specific goals of performance for the next two years in order to meet stringent
delivery schedules. This is particularly important because a large number of new
employees will be recruited who would work in a team environment with the existing
work force. State what advantages would be achieved by implementing a formal goal
setting system in the company? (09)
Q. Differentiate between an organization’s objectives and its mission. (04)
Q. (a) The reason for existence of an organisation can be assessed from its Vision, Mission,
Goals, and Objectives. What do you understand by these terms? (07)
(b) Jet Air has been for long the only national flag carrier airline in the country. Following
government’s opening up of the domestic air travel industry to private enterprise, the
market dynamics have changed. Several new private airlines have started operations
and they have been setting new standards in service quality and operational
efficiencies. Jet Air has been feeling the pinch of keen competition from these new
players and losing ground. Years of working in a protected and monopolistic
environment meant that it had become an ineffective and inefficient organisation, with
huge cost structures and low customer service standards.
Recently, there has been a change in top leadership of the airline, and the new managers
are determined to turn the airline around. Customer satisfaction, safety, punctuality,
and operational efficiency are the new mantra; and the management is determined to
bring about excellence in all departments.
You, as Head of Corporate Strategy, have been assigned to come up with new
statements of Vision and Mission. Also give at least three Goals and Objectives for the
airline. These pronouncements have to be challenging and inspiring for the employees,
and exciting and promising for the customers. (09)
Q. What are “unit objectives”? Give two examples to explain the term. (03)
Q. How can an organization achieve its goals with active participation of all levels of
management without imposition of objectives? (07)

4. Chapter 07 – Motivation
Past paper questions 4
Q. Management by objectives is a scheme of planning and control which promotes
coordination. Discuss which steps will you take in order to achieve co-ordination in an
organization. (10)
Q. What is the importance of goal setting in business organizations? Can there be perfect
integration between the organizational goals, personal goals of the mangers and the
members of the organization? (08)
Q. A logical extension of goal setting in the traditionally used management-by-objectives,
or MBO approach to planning, control, personal appraisal, and overall system
performance. Elaborate the MBO approach. (15)