Course on Microprocessor Theory and Interfacing. This is the first lecture which discusses history of microprocessors and microcontrollers along with it's applications.

1. Presented by:
Engr Zeeshan Ahmed Lodro
Lecturer-Department of Electronics Engineering Technology
BBS University of Technology and Skill Development Khairpur Mirs
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3.  Historical Background
 Evolution of ICTechnology
 Evolution of Microprocessor
 Moore’s Law
 Key Features of µC and µP
 Applications of Microprocessor
 Applications of Microcontroller
 Educational Needs of µC and µP
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4.  Vacuum tubes invented in 1904 by Fleming
 Large, expensive, power-hungry, unreliable
 1947 Invention of transistor
 The scientists that were responsible for the 1947
invention of the transistor were: John Bardeen, Walter
Brattain, and William Shockley. Bardeen, with a Ph.D. in
mathematics and physics from Princeton University, was a
specialist in the electron conducting properties of
semiconductors.
 After three years transistors were commercially available
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5.  While at Fairchild, Noyce developed the
integrated circuit. The same concept has been
invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments
in Dallas a few months previously. In July
1959 Noyce filed a patent for his conception
of the integrated circuit.
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6.  1959: Invention of the "Planar" Manufacturing Process
 1959: Practical Monolithic Integrated Circuit Concept Patented
 1960: First Planar Integrated Circuit is Fabricated
 The silicon chip was invented in 1961 by two American electrical
engineers, Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce. Their creation
revolutionized and miniaturized technology and paved the way for
the development of the modern computer.
 1962: Aerospace systems are first the applications for ICs
in computers
 1963: Complementary MOS Circuit Configuration is
Invented
 1963: Standard Logic IC Families introduced
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7.  1964: First Commercial MOS IC Introduced
 1964: The First Widely-Used Analog Integrated Circuit is Introduced
 1965: "Moore's Law" Predicts the Future of Integrated Circuits
1965: Mainframe Computers Employ ICs
 1965: Semiconductor Read-Only-Memory Chips Appear
 1966: Semiconductor RAMs Serve High-speed Storage Needs
 1966: Computer Aided Design Tools Developed for Ics
 1971: Microprocessor Integrates CPU Function onto a Single Chip
 1974: General-Purpose Microcontroller Family is Announced
 1974: DigitalWatch is First System-On-Chip Integrated Circuit
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11.  "Moore's law" is the observation that, over the
history of computing hardware, the number of
transistors in a dense integrated circuit has
doubled approximately every two years.
 He wrote an article in 1965 “cramming more
components onto integrated circuits” and said
that :
“by 1975 the number of components per
integrated circuits for minimum cost will be
65000”
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12.  Third IC which invented in 1965 had 32 transistors.
 The next IC which was about to come in 1966 had 64
transistors.
 In 1965, component density would be doubled every
year
 In 1975, component density would be doubled after
every 18 months.
 In 1995, component density was checked and it was
observed that still Moore’s law valid.
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22.  Smaller Size
 Lower Cost- cost of a transistor was 10USD
 Higher Reliability
 Low power consumption
 HighVersatility
 More Powerful
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