Learning the bones of the Skeletal System
Microscopic structures
1. Osteon
2. Osteocyte
3. Central canal
4. Canaliculi
5. Chondrocytes
Skeletal structures
1. Epiphysis
2. Diaphysis
3. Periosteum
4. Articular cartilage
5. Medullary cavity
6. Yellow marrow
7. Spongy bone
8. Compact bone
Bones to learn and know for lab quiz:
Axial skeleton
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, mandible, maxillae, palatine,
zygomatic, nasal, vomer, lacrimal, cervical, thoracic & lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, ribs &
sternum
Appendicular skeleton
Clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, coxal, femur, patella,
tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.
Escience - Post lab questions to answer for virtual model study in experiments 6 and 8
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Experiment 9: Articulations
Articulations, or joints, are formed when two bones come together. The joints of the body are crucial in keeping the body intact and in providing movement. Joints can be classified two ways: structure or mobility. As mentioned earlier, the three types of structural classifications are fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints. The three types of mobility based classifications are synarthroses (immobile), amphiarthroses (slightly mobile) and diarthroses (mobile). Though both classifications are useful, we will focus on the structural classifications. In this exercise we will examine the different types of articulations.
Materials
Skeleton Model
Procedure
Fibrous Joints
1. Fibrous joints are held together with fibrous tissue and do not posses a joint cavity. Though there are a few fibrous joints that are amphiarthrotic, most are synarthrotic. There are two main types of fibrous joints: sutures and syndesmoses.
2. Sutures are composed of tight fitting bones with little or no connective tissue and are only found within the skull.
3. In syndesmoses, the bones are joined together by a small amount of dense fibrous connective tissue. Though there can be slight movement within the joints, they're typically considered synarthrotic.
4. Use Table 31 to locate the four prominent sutures between the cranial bones of the skull on the model skeleton.
5. Locate the articulation between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula on the model skeleton. Also, look at the articulation between the radius and ulna. These are both examples of syndesmoses.
Cartilaginous Joints
6. Bones are connected with either a plate of hyaline cartilage or a disc of fibrocartilage in cartilaginous joints. These joints, similar to the fibrous joints, do not have a joint cavity; although, most of them are amphiarthrotic.
7. There are two types of cartilaginous joints: symphysis and synchondroses. In symphysis joints, the bones are connected with disc of fibrocartilage. In synchondroses bones, the bones are connected with a plate of hyaline cartilage.
Table 31: Skull Suture Locations
Skull Sutures
Locatio ...
MOVEMENT OF BONES OF AXIAL AND APPENDICULAR SYSTEM.pptxTaniyaMondal6
You can find here about the Movements of Bones of Axial and Appendicular System, Range of Motion, Bones, Joint Movements in Anatomy and Physiology with the help of 3D live images for better understanding and knowledge purpose. This presentation is made considering the new medical and nursing students. explained in an easy wasy. so that you can learn some effective knowledge through this slides.
Answer the following questions in a minimum of 1-2 paragraphs ea.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following questions in a minimum of
1-2 paragraphs
each. Be sure to explain your answers and give reasons for your views.
When you talk about the meaning of life, which sense of the term do you use-- external meaning or internal meaning?
What bearing, if any, does the ephemeral nature of our existence have on the question of whether life has meaning? Does the fact that we die negate the possibility of meaning in life?
Is Schopenhauer right about the meaninglessness of life? Does the wretchedness of our existence show that life has no meaning?
Note:
All journal entries must be submitted as attachments (
in Microsoft Word format
) in order to generate an originality report.
.
Answer the following questions using scholarly sources as references.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following questions using scholarly sources as references. Add references at the end of the page.
Answer each question with at least 300 words counter.
1.What is your assessment of Frantz Fanon's argument that “The wealth of the imperialist nations is also our wealth”? Do you believe "developed nations" owe some form of reparations to colonized peoples?
2.How would you account for revolutionaries in Spain such as the CNT and FAI having more success than in other European countries leading up to 1936?
3.How you can you account for the outcome of the Russian Revolution?
4.Why do you think that acts of violence against tyrannical leaders in the era did not inspire the masses to rise up in revolution?
.
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MOVEMENT OF BONES OF AXIAL AND APPENDICULAR SYSTEM.pptxTaniyaMondal6
You can find here about the Movements of Bones of Axial and Appendicular System, Range of Motion, Bones, Joint Movements in Anatomy and Physiology with the help of 3D live images for better understanding and knowledge purpose. This presentation is made considering the new medical and nursing students. explained in an easy wasy. so that you can learn some effective knowledge through this slides.
Answer the following questions in a minimum of 1-2 paragraphs ea.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following questions in a minimum of
1-2 paragraphs
each. Be sure to explain your answers and give reasons for your views.
When you talk about the meaning of life, which sense of the term do you use-- external meaning or internal meaning?
What bearing, if any, does the ephemeral nature of our existence have on the question of whether life has meaning? Does the fact that we die negate the possibility of meaning in life?
Is Schopenhauer right about the meaninglessness of life? Does the wretchedness of our existence show that life has no meaning?
Note:
All journal entries must be submitted as attachments (
in Microsoft Word format
) in order to generate an originality report.
.
Answer the following questions using scholarly sources as references.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following questions using scholarly sources as references. Add references at the end of the page.
Answer each question with at least 300 words counter.
1.What is your assessment of Frantz Fanon's argument that “The wealth of the imperialist nations is also our wealth”? Do you believe "developed nations" owe some form of reparations to colonized peoples?
2.How would you account for revolutionaries in Spain such as the CNT and FAI having more success than in other European countries leading up to 1936?
3.How you can you account for the outcome of the Russian Revolution?
4.Why do you think that acts of violence against tyrannical leaders in the era did not inspire the masses to rise up in revolution?
.
Answer the following questions about this case studyClient .docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following questions about this case study:
Client with Pneumonia
Mr Edwards is a 75 yr old man who has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for the last two years. He continues to smoke ½ pack of cigarettes a day and does not participate in any exercise regimen and must do self-care activities slowly because of fatigue. He does not see any reason to increase his fluid intake. Presently, he is admitted for right upper lobe pneumonia and reports having an intermittent cough that produces thick, yellow sputum. He has more episodes of coughing when lying flat. He is married and his wife, Kathy is at his bedside.
Assessment
Mr Edwards SpO2 ranges from 78%-84%, and currently this am is 84%. His other vital signs are T 101.4F, HR 102/min, RR 30/min, BP 130/90mmHg. He is chilled and has had some diaphoresis. He reports that his ribs are sore and that his mouth is dry. Upon inspection, Mr Edwards mucous membranes are dry, as is his skin. Crackles are auscultated in the lower lobes bilaterally. His sputum is thick, and a yellow to yellow green in color. His health care provider has told him that if he gradually increases his exercise, drinks more fluids and stops smoking, his respiratory status will improve. He is lying in a semi-fowlers position in bed.
What relevant assessment data would you cluster to support a nursing diagnosis?
What priority nursing diagnosis would you identify for this patient? List five and give both Problem focused and Risk for nursing diagnoses.
What short term goal would you identify for the priority nursing diagnosis you identified? What long term goal would you identify?
List all the nursing interventions that you would perform for identified goals and nursing diagnosis. Give a rationale for each.
If you implemented all of the identified interventions, how would you evaluate that your interventions were successful and that the goals were met?
.
Answer the following questions using art vocabulary and ideas from L.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following questions using art vocabulary and ideas from Lectures 2, 3, & 4 and Chapter 2 in your textbook. Please make
sure each answer is thoughtful, edited for grammar and spelling errors, and
at least
4-5
COMPLETE
sentences. Also, be as
specific as possible and
use examples to support EVERY statement. Write your answers in your own words (not taken
directly from your readings or outside resources).
A grading rubric is attached to this assignment.
**When answering the questions/prompts below,
write in PARAGRAPH FORM
(while making sure each question is addressed in your paragraph).
**Copy the photos of the artworks and the questions BEFORE each paragraph answer.
PROMPTS
:
1.
-Is Henri Matisse's 1947 print,
Icarus
,
an example of Representational Art, Abstracted Art, or Non-Representational Art? Explain your reasoning.
-Describe the use of
SHAPE
in Henri Matisse's 1947 print,
Icarus
. Are the shapes organic or geometric? Which ones? Describe how the shapes interact, or "touch" each other. Are the edges of the shapes soft or hard? Do they bump, blend, or overlap?
-Which theme(s) best describe the content of Matisse's
Icarus
?
Support your answers with specific examples from the painting.
2.
-Is Kathe Kollwitz' 1903 etching,
Mother with Dead Child
an example of Representational Art, Abstracted Art, or Non-Representational Art? Explain your reasoning.
-Describe the use of
LINE
in this print. What types of line (geometric, organic, implied) are present? What do you believe these lines express? Are there any contour lines? Hatching or cross-hatching? Where? In what direction(s) do the lines move?
-Which theme(s) best describe the content of Kollwitz'
Mother with Dead Child?
Support your answers with specific examples from the etching.
3.
-Is the
Colossal 8-feet-tall Olmec Head
(1500-300 BCE) an example of Representational Art, Abstracted Art, or Non-Representational Art? Explain your reasoning.
-Describe the
FORM/MASS
of the Olmec Head. Address the size, density, material(s) used, and how it may have interacted with it's original location.
-Is the sculpture an example of
Closed Form
or
Open Form
? Explain your answer.
-Which theme(s) best describe the content of the Olmec Heads? Support your answers with specific examples from the sculpture.
4.
-Is Jan van Eyck's 1434 oil painting,
The Arnolfi Portrait
,
an example of Representational Art, Abstracted Art, or Non-Representational Art? Explain your reasoning.
-Discuss the use of
TEXTURE
in van Eyck's painting. Does the work have actual/tactile texture, visual/simulated texture, or a combination of both? Explain your answer.
-Which theme(s) best describe the content of van Eyck's
The Arnolfi Portrait
? Support your answers with specific examples from the painting.
5.
Is George Caleb Bingham's 1845 painting,
Fur Traders Descending the Missouri
, an example of Representational Art, Abstracted Art, or Non-Represen.
Answer the following questions in a total of 3 pages (900 words). My.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following questions in a total of 3 pages (900 words). My budget is between $50-60. Deadline is 5 hours
What, in your opinion, are the salient attributes of indigenous African religious cultures?
Do you feel western scholars were justified in tagging negative labels on African religions?
Would you say African religions are polytheistic because of the belief in numerous deities?
Describe the Core Elements of Yoruba or Fon Cosmology
.
Answer the following questions No single word responses (at lea.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following questions: No single word responses (at least 70+ words in each response)
Give the questions some thought and answer honestly
1. What is happening?
2. What issues does it raise?
3. What emotions come to your awareness?
4. What implications does it have for how we practice?
.
Answer the following questions based on the ethnography Dancing Skel.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following questions based on the ethnography Dancing Skeletons. It is not necessary to write
an essay, but do engage the questions at a thoughtful level. Be sure to answer the question thoroughly as
each has several parts and use examples from the ethnography.
1. Why is it important for an anthropologist to be able to speak the local language? What
advantages did the author enjoy because of her language ability? What difficulties ensue when a
researcher is not able to speak the local language? If all contact with the population is through an
interpreter, what sorts of bias might arise in the data collection?
2. What was the outcome of the author’s visit to #104’s compound? What had happened to the
child since her last visit several years earlier? Why did the author use numbers to refer to people
in her study, instead of their names? Do you think it was right for Dettwyler to intervene in the
case of child #104, or should anthropologists just study people in other cultures and endeavor to
have as little impact on them as possible? Is it possible to conduct anthropological research
without having some effect on the people you study?
3. How do the medical resources of Magnambougou compare to those available in the United
States? What are the main diseases children in Mali must contend with?
4. Using female circumcision as the focus, discuss the concept of cultural relativism as used by
anthropologists. Even though we may understand the beliefs behind the practice, does cultural
relativism compel us to approve of female circumcision? What are some of the rationales
provided by cultures that practice female circumcision? What was Agnes’s attitude (Chapter 3)
when she found out that neither the author nor her daughter had been, or where intending to be
circumcised?
5. Aminata’s parents could see that she was very skinny even though she ate a lot of food.
“Everyone knows that you can eat a lot and still be skinny” (Dettwyler 1994: 44). How do
observations such as these contribute to the belief among some Malians that food intake and
health are not related?
Essay and Homework Requirements:
• Minimum of 2 typed pages of your writing (not including heading or prompt)
• 12 point font size
• 1 inch margins on all sides
• Double-spaced throughout
• Spell-checked, grammar-checked
.
Answer the following questions to the best of your ability1) De.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following questions to the best of your ability:
1) Describe Native America societies prior to European contact. What are some examples of how their civilizations varied by region across North and South America?
2) What was the Columbian Exchange? Give at least 5 examples,
(be specific with details)
. What are some effects this had on both the Old and New Worlds?
3) Briefly describe the relationship between Powhatan and the English colonists of Virginia Colony in the 17thcentury. How did they help one another? How did they oppose one another?
4) Refer to the website below on the
Mayflower Compact, 1620
. What do the writers claim their purpose was in founding a colony (Plymouth)? What do the writers claim is their purpose in establishing this charter?
*copy/paste into your browser to answer the questions above:
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/mayflower.asp
5) What was the major cash crop of the English colonies around the Chesapeake Bay (e.g., Virginia and Maryland)? What unfree laborers primarily worked that crop for wealthier landowners in the 17th century? What unfree laborers were the predominant labor force on plantations as the 18th century wore on?
6) Describe the First and Second Great Awakenings. What were some similarities between those movements? What were some differences?
7) What are at least 4 factors that led to the American Revolution? Briefly describe each one.
8) Describe the influence of Enlightenment ideals on the Constitution? What were three (3) major compromises that were necessary to gain enough support to ratify the Constitution
(describe them)
?
9) What was the “Revolution of 1800” and why is it important, even today?
10) What was the Louisiana Purchase? Give three examples of long-term consequences of the US acquiring that territory?
11) Throughout the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, what are some of the ways in which American Indian peoples interacted with European (and later, American) settlers? What were some of the strategies which American Indian tribes used to navigate European and US expansion?
12) Describe the difference between northern and southern states in the US between 1800 and 1850. What were some of their defining characteristics?
13) What factors prompted the South to secede from the United States in 1860/1861? What was Pres. Lincoln’s response? What were 3 consequences of the Civil War?
14) Describe Reconstruction. Did it work (how and/or how not)?
.
Answer the following questionDo you think it is necessary to .docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following question:
Do you think it is necessary to create a different law to serve minors who violate the law or should they be processed in the same way that adults are processed? Explain.
**Arguments in response to the question must be supported by at least two academic sources.**
Essay ( 1-3 pages)
.
Answer the following question. Use facts and examples to support.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following question. Use facts and examples to support your answer. Use APA style for any references.
Due June 14, 11:59 p.m. EST
Using Figure 5.4 as the target architecture, who are the threat agents who will be most interested in attacking Web applications created through AppMaker?
.
Answer the bottom questions in apa format and decent answer no shor.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the bottom questions in apa format and decent answer no short answer please.
Subaru's Sales Boom Thanks to the Weaker Yen For the Japanese carmaker Subaru, a sharp fall in the value of yen against the U.S. dollar has turned a problem—the lack of U.S. production—into an unexpected sales boom. Subaru, which is a niche player in the global auto industry, has long bucked the trend among its Japanese rivals of establishing significant manufacturing facilities in the North American market. Instead, the company has chosen to concentrate most of its manufacturing in Japan in order to achieve economies of scale at its home plants, exporting its production to the United States. Subaru still makes 80 percent of its vehicles at home, compared with 21 percent for Honda. Back in 2012, this strategy was viewed as something of a liability. In those days, one U.S. dollar bought only 80 Japanese yen. The strong yen meant that Subaru cars were being priced out of the U.S. market. Japanese companies like Honda and Toyota, which had substantial production in the United States, gained business at Subaru's expense. But from 2012 onward, with Japan mired in recession and consumer prices falling, the country's central bank repeatedly cut interest rates in an attempt to stimulate the economy. As interest rates fell in Japan, investors moved money out of the country, selling yen and buying the U.S. dollar. They used those dollars to invest in U.S. stocks and bonds where they anticipated a greater return. As a consequence, the price of yen in terms of dollars fell. By December 2015, one dollar bought 120 yen, representing a 50 percent fall in the value of the yen against the U.S. dollar since 2012. For Subaru, the depreciation in the value of the yen has given it a pricing advantage and driven a sales boom. Demand for Subaru cars in the United States has been so strong that the automaker has been struggling to keep up. The profits of Subaru's parent company, Fuji Heavy Industries, have surged. In February 2015, Fuji announced that it would earn record operating profits of around ¥410 billion ($3.5 billion) for the financial year ending March 2015. Subaru's profit margin has increased to 14.4 percent, compared with 5.6 percent for Honda, a company that is heavily dependent on U.S. production. The good times continued in 2015, with Subaru posting record profits in the quarter ending December 31, 2015. Despite its current pricing advantage, Subaru is moving to increase its U.S. production. It plans to expand its sole plant in the United States, in Indiana, by March 2017, with a goal of making 310,000 a year, up from 200,000 currently. When asked why it is doing this, Subaru's management notes that the yen will not stay weak against the dollar forever, and it is wise to expand local production as a hedge against future increases in the value of the yen. Indeed, when the Bank of Japan decided to set a key interest rate below zero in early February 2016, the yen .
Answer the following below using the EXCEL attachment. chapter 5.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following below using the EXCEL attachment.
chapter 5's Exercise questions 9, 10, 11, 12, and post at least 2 points that he/she has learned from them and at least 2 questions that he/she may have.
chapter 5 appendix Exercise question 4
.
Answer the following prompts about A Germanic People Create a Code .docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following prompts about “A Germanic People Create a Code of Law” on pgs. 104-108 from the
Sources of
World Societies: Volume 1: To 1600
book. your answer should include one original question that you have about the readings.
1. Compare and contrast this law code with the Twelve Tables and the Code of Hammurabi.
2. Where do you see major similarities, and differences?
3. Of the three codes, which would you prefer to live under, and why?
.
Answer the following discussion board question below minumun 25.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following discussion board question below: minumun 250 words in total.
[1] How did the attempted impeachment of President Clinton come about? What do you think about this attempt at impeachment and the surrounding controversies and circumstances?
[2] What parallels, if any, do you see between the impeachment efforts against President Clinton and those today against President Trump? Are they comparable or completely different, in your view? Explain.
.
Answer the following questions about IT Project Management. What.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following questions about IT Project Management.
What is a project, and what are its main attributes? How is a project different from what most people do in their day-to-day jobs? Discuss the importance of top management commitment and the development of standards for successful project management. Provide examples to illustrate the importance of these items based on your experience on any type of project. Discuss the unique challenges that an IT project presents.
.
Answer the following in at least 100 words minimum each1.Of.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following in at least 100 words minimum each:
1.Often times we will see data that goes up and down and doesn’t appear to be moving at a steady rate in either direction. Can we draw any conclusion from data like that?
2.
Time series and future prediction of value is something that many of you likely deal with at work. You may see the type of future prediction in a retirement or investment account on a personal level. When would this type of analysis be important in your industry?
.
Answer the following questions(at least 200 words) and responses 2 p.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following questions(at least 200 words) and responses 2 posts(not word limitation):
Should the federal, state, or local governments pass legislation that requires organizations to offer voluntary benefits? Why or why not?
You need to find a source and make reference
.
Answer the following questions in a Word document and upload it by M.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following questions in a Word document and upload it by March 19. Answers should be one paragraph each.
1. What arguments can you provide to show there is or is not political bias in the media?
2. Do you feel that the existence of Wikileaks helps or undermines America's national security?
3. Why do you feel that polling errors occur in gathering data on Presidential elections?
4. Do you feel the Fairness Doctrine was justified, or do you feel it was right to repeal it?
5. Is the rise of digital citizenship a good or bad thing for the media?
.
Answer the following questions in complete sentences. Each answer sh.docxSHIVA101531
Answer the following questions in complete sentences. Each answer should be roughly one or two paragraphs. Use examples and/or quotes from the textbook to support your answers. Type in the answers directly below each question.
1. How did communism emerge in Russia and China? What were the similarities and differences between these two processes?
2. What were the main economic policies pursued by communist regimes? In what ways were they successful and in what ways did they fail?
.
ANSWER THE DISCUSSION QUESTION 250 WORDS MINDiscussion Q.docxSHIVA101531
**ANSWER THE DISCUSSION QUESTION 250 WORDS MIN**
Discussion Questions:
How should the United States government deal with the heightened concern about homegrown violent extremism and the growing concern for the preservation of civil liberties? What are the political and constitutional consequences of counter-terrorism? Lastly, how do we assess the tradeoffs between freedom and security?
***REPLY TO EACH POST 100 WORDS MIN EACH***
1. The United States government will always have to face the homegrown violent extremist because with the internet alone people are able to research just about anything and find their answers. The civil liberties are being violated because you have FBI and CIA looking into what people on doing on the webs. I personally believe that you gave up the right when you decided to goggle whatever it is you’re looking up. It’s also like social media site take Facebook for example people are willing to give up their rights so they can be on Facebook and be able to look or post whatever they want. But just like ever website the owner of that site has a right to delete what they don’t want on it as well. So why can’t the FBI/CIA look into and potentially stop a homegrown extremist from attacking the nation or even just attacking schools, churches, and retail stores like the mall or Wal-Mart. All these locations have had attacks from violent extremist when if they were being watched or monitored those attacks could have been stopped or at least less death could have occurred. From a political and constitutional stand point, consequences of counter-terrorism can vary. I political stand is to protect and preserve the freedom for the people. Protecting one’s Constitutional rights depends on what the politician’s plans on policies and procedures that could begin to take away those civil rights that were granted and give people the sense of freedom that the nation is built on. Policies and procedures can change everything take the mask wearing and social distancing for Covid-19, you have the people that are okay with it all and are following the rules but then you have the ones that have been protesting or fighting people over the fact that they don’t want to wear a mask. To me personally it’s simple to wear a mask but to others it’s a reason of rights being taken away by mandating it. Working for the military and DHS I personally don’t see freedom and security as a tradeoff. If agencies do their jobs correctly and protect the United States and National Security then freedom wouldn’t be at stake. I believe in freedom but the security measures in place are to help protect that freedom, without the security measures the nation would be under attack like 9/11 or worse.
2. The internal terrorist threat in the United States is operational and complicated, with continuing threats from extreme left- and right-wing extremist groups and radicalization and recruitment efforts by international terrorist groups. Since Sept/11, our.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Learning the bones of the Skeletal SystemMicroscopic structure.docx
1. Learning the bones of the Skeletal System
Microscopic structures
1. Osteon
2. Osteocyte
3. Central canal
4. Canaliculi
5. Chondrocytes
Skeletal structures
1. Epiphysis
2. Diaphysis
3. Periosteum
4. Articular cartilage
5. Medullary cavity
6. Yellow marrow
7. Spongy bone
8. Compact bone
Bones to learn and know for lab quiz:
Axial skeleton
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid,
mandible, maxillae, palatine,
zygomatic, nasal, vomer, lacrimal, cervical, thoracic & lumbar
vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, ribs &
sternum
Appendicular skeleton
Clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals,
phalanges, coxal, femur, patella,
tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.
2. Escience - Post lab questions to answer for virtual model study
in experiments 6 and 8
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Experiment 9: Articulations
Articulations, or joints, are formed when two bones come
together. The joints of the body are crucial in keeping the body
intact and in providing movement. Joints can be classified two
ways: structure or mobility. As mentioned earlier, the three
types of structural classifications are fibrous, cartilaginous and
synovial joints. The three types of mobility based
classifications are synarthroses (immobile), amphiarthroses
(slightly mobile) and diarthroses (mobile). Though both
classifications are useful, we will focus on the structural
classifications. In this exercise we will examine the different
types of articulations.
Materials
Skeleton Model
Procedure
3. Fibrous Joints
1. Fibrous joints are held together with fibrous tissue and do not
posses a joint cavity. Though there are a few fibrous joints that
are amphiarthrotic, most are synarthrotic. There are two main
types of fibrous joints: sutures and syndesmoses.
2. Sutures are composed of tight fitting bones with little or no
connective tissue and are only found within the skull.
3. In syndesmoses, the bones are joined together by a small
amount of dense fibrous connective tissue. Though there can be
slight movement within the joints, they're typically considered
synarthrotic.
4. Use Table 31 to locate the four prominent sutures between
the cranial bones of the skull on the model skeleton.
5. Locate the articulation between the distal ends of the tibia
and fibula on the model skeleton. Also, look at the articulation
between the radius and ulna. These are both examples of
syndesmoses.
Cartilaginous Joints
6. Bones are connected with either a plate of hyaline cartilage
or a disc of fibrocartilage in cartilaginous joints. These joints,
similar to the fibrous joints, do not have a joint cavity;
although, most of them are amphiarthrotic.
7. There are two types of cartilaginous joints: symphysis and
synchondroses. In symphysis joints, the bones are connected
with disc of fibrocartilage. In synchondroses bones, the bones
are connected with a plate of hyaline cartilage.
Table 31: Skull Suture Locations
Skull Sutures
4. Location
Coronal Suture
Articulation between the posterior portion of the frontal bone
and anterior portion of the parietal bones.
Lambdoid Suture
Articulation between the anterior portion of the occipital bone
and the posterior portion of the two parietal bones.
Sagittal Suture
Articulation between the two parietal bones.
Squamous Sutures
Articulation between the inferior portion of the parietal bone
and the superior portion of the temporal bone.
8. Locate the pubic symphysis on the model skeleton. As the
name suggests, this joint is a symphysis. Examine the vertebral
column. Each vertebrae is connected via an intervertebral disc
composed of fibrocartilage.
9. Locate the articulation between the first rib and the sternum
on the model skeleton. This is an example of a synchondroses.
Synovial Joints
10. Synovial joints are the most common articulation within the
body. Between the two articulating bones lies a joint cavity
filled with synovial fluid allowing all synovial joints to be
diarthrotic, though the type of mobility (side to side, multiple
5. directions, etc.) varies.
11. Six subcategories have been created based on the type of
movement because of the many synovial joints within the body.
Use Table 32 to locate examples of the six different
subcategories of synovial joints on the model skeleton. Become
familiar with the movement associated with each example.
12. Using Table 33, perform the listed movements on the model
skeleton. Then perform these same movements on your own
body. Pay attention to the type of synovial joint (gliding, hinge,
etc.) that is involved with each movement.
Table 32: Synovial Joint Information
Subcategory of Synovial Joints
Movement
Examples
Gliding
Flat articulating surfaces allow for sliding movement side-to-
side and back-andforth.
· Intercarpal Joints at the wrist
· Intertarsal Joints in the foot
· Sacroiliac Joints
Hinge
Articulating surfaces between a convex bone and concave bone
allow for uniaxial movement (one plane). Typically this
movement is flexion or extension.
6. · Elbow Joint
· Knee Joint
· Ankle Joint
Pivot
Uniaxial rotation (one plane) occurs from the conical surface of
one bone articulating with a shallow depression of another
bone.
· Atlantoaxial Joint (atlas and axis)
· Radioulnar Joint
Condyloid (Ellipsoidal)
An oval condyle of one bone fits with an elliptical cavity of
another allowing biaxial movement (two plane).
· Radiocarpal Joint (wrist)
· Metacarpophalangeal Joints
Saddle
Both bones involved in the articulation possess both a concave
and convex suface, called a saddle, that allows for biaxial
movement (two plane).
· Metacarpal of the thumb and the Trapezium of the wrist
Ball and Socket
Ball-like head articulates with a cup-like depression allowing
7. for multiaxial movement (all directions).
· Shoulder Joint
· Hip Joint
Table 33: Types of Joint Movement
Type of Movement
Definition
Example
Flexion
Bending motion that decreases the angle between the two bones.
In anatomical position, bring the palm of the hand towards the
shoulder, bending the elbow.
Extension
Straightening motion that increases the angle between the two
bones (opposite of flexion).
With the elbow bent and the palm of the hand touching the
shoulder, straighten the arm, bringing the palm down to the
original starting position.
Abduction
Moving a body part away from the midline of the body.
Move the left thigh laterally away from the midline of the body.
8. Adduction
Moving a body part towards the midline of the body (opposite
of abduction).
With the thigh positioned laterally away from the body, bring it
back towards the midline until it reaches the original starting
position.
Circumduction
Movement combining flexion, extension, abduction and
adduction.
In anatomical position, bend the wrist anatomically to produce
flexion, then move the wrist laterally to produce abduction, then
move the wrist posteriorly to produce extension and then move
your wrist medially to produce adduction. Continue these
motions, increasing the speed to produce a single motion.
Rotation
Movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone.
With the head beginning in anatomical position, look left and
then look right as if shaking your head “no”.
Pronation
Rotating movement of the palm and forearm from an anterior
position to a posterior position.
In anatomical position with the palm facing up, rotate the palm
medially until it is facing down.
9. Supination
Rotating movement of the palm and forearm from a posterior
position to an anterior position.
With the palm facing down (posterior), rotate the palm laterally
until it is facing up.
Inversion
Moving sole of foot medially.
In anatomical position, move the sole of the foot medially.
Eversion
Moving sole of foot laterally (opposite of inversion).
In anatomical position, move the sole of the laterally.
Dorsiflexion
Bending movement of the ankle where the foot is flexed
upward.
In anatomical position, lift the toes upward as if standing on the
heels.
Plantar flexion
Bending movement of the ankle where the foot is flexed
downward.
In anatomical position, point the toes towards the ground, as if
standing on the toes.
10. Post-Lab Questions
1. What two ways can joints be classified? What are the three
classifications of each type?
2. Fibrous joints are either sutures or syndesmoses. What is the
difference between the two? Give examples of each type.
3. A symphysis and synchondroses are two classifications of
what type of joint? What are the differences between the two
classifications?
4. What allows synovial joints to be diarthrotic?
5. For the following, match the correct synovial joint to the
movement it produces.
Joint
Movement
a. Pivot Joint
1. Uniaxial movement, typically flexion or extension
b. Gliding Joint
2. Uniaxial rotation
c. Ball and Socket Joint
3. Side-to-side and back-and-forth movement
d. Condyloid Joint
4. Multiaxial movement
e. Saddle Joint
5. Concave and convex surfaces of both bones allow for biaxial
movement
f. Hinge Joint
6. Ellipsoidal fit allows for biaxial movement
6. Fill in the chart below:
Bone
Articulating Bones
Type of Synovial Joint
Movement
11. Elbow
Knee
Hip
Ankle
Wrist
Experiment 11: Skeletal System of the Fetal Pig
In this exercise you will become familiar with the skeletal
system of the fetal pig. Because the fetal pig had not reached its
full gestation, many of the bones have not fully developed, but
are instead still cartilaginous. Still, we can look at this
structures to gain a better understanding of the axial and
appendicular skeletons, along with the joints.
Materials
Fetal Pig
Dissection Tray
Dissection Tools Kit
String (should still be tied onto pig's hooves)
Procedure
12. 1. To begin, lay your underpad down and place your dissecting
tray on top of it. Lay out your dissecting tools. Be sure you
have all of your safety equipment on before beginning the
experiment.
2. Once prepared, gently open the bag your pig is in.
Note: DO NOT destroy this bag or empty out the preserving
solution within the bag, you will need it for the whole semester.
3. Lay your pig into the dissecting tray, dorsal side facing up.
Slide the strings over the dissection tray to hold the pig in
place.
4. Look at Figure 21 displaying the skeletal system of a grown
pig. Notice the similarities and differences between that of your
human skeleton and that of the pig.
Figure 21:The pig skeleton
5. Due to the rigidity of your pig, it typically will not stay in
this position on its own so you will need to hold it while you
examine the skeletal system.
6. Begin by examining, through the skin, the axial skeleton as
shown in Figure 21. Feel the bones of the skull, then continue
down the vertebral column feeling the vertebrae along the way.
Notice that the tail of the pig is composed of caudal vertebrae.
Note your observations in Table 34.
7. Slide the strings off of the dissection tray and gently turn
your pig ventral side up. Slide the strings back under the
dissection tray after the pig is correctly positioned.
8. Feel the thoracic cage of the pig. Though you will not cut
into the pig today, feel the similarities that occur between the
13. fetal pig and the human skeleton model. Note your observations
in Table 34.
9. Turn your attention to the appendicular skeleton. The pig's
four appendages correlate to the human arms and legs. Use
Figure 21 as a guide to try and feel the different bones of the
arms and legs (humerus, femur, tibia, etc.). Note your
observations in Table 34.
10. In Figure 21, look at the pelvic girdle of the pig. This
structure appears noticeably different than that of a human.
However, the innominate bones of the pig are created by the
ilium, ischium and pubis.
11. Focus your attention on the joints of the pig. The pig should
be fairly rigid due to the preservation fluids. However, you
should still attempt to produce the movements created by
synovial joints on the pig (e.g., flexion, rotation, etc.). Notice
the joints at which these movements are possible. Do they
correlate to human movement? Note your observations in Table
34.
12. You are now finished with the external observations of the
skeletal system. Remember that as you dissect into your pig,
you will be able to touch and feel the bones of the skeletal
system. As the dissection progresses, always take note of the
bones present within the fetal pig.
13. To finish, locate the bag the pig came in. Gently place the
pig back into the bag and tightly secure the bag with a rubber
band, or place in the zip-seal bag provided in the dissection
box.
14. Place the pig back into the cool environment you had
previously stored it in. Remember, the best place to keep the pig
is in a cool, dark place.
14. 15. After your pig has been put away, clean off your dissecting
tray and dissection tools with soap and water. There should not
be any biological scraps because you did not cut into the pig.
However, biological scraps should not be thrown into the
garbage.
16. Clean the area in which you worked with soap and water as
well. As long as the underpad has not been damaged, keep it for
future experiments.
Figure 22:Palpate the skeleton of the fetal pig using gloved
hands.
Table 34: Skeletal Region Observations
Skeletal Region
Observations
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Joints
Post-Lab Questions
1. What are some of the similarities and differences you noticed
between the human skeletal system and the palpation of the
fetal pig skeletal system?
