This document analyzes three case studies related to natural resource management, climate change, and rural livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa. The case studies include the Upper Tana Natural Resources Management Project, the Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security programme, and the Adaptation Learning Programme in Africa. The analysis examines aspects of integrated approaches, community participation, capacity building, livelihood improvement, innovation, links to climate change and natural resource management, and sustainability. It draws lessons about the importance of livelihood benefits for communities to engage in natural resource management and the need for diversified livelihoods, localized climate information, and addressing underlying vulnerabilities to build adaptive capacity.

1. Case Analysis:
PROCASUR
Learning Route
Mbiri Gikonyo

2. Background
 Livelihoods in sub-saharan Africa intrinsically
tied to and dependent on land and the
environment
 Sustainable livelihoods require NRM
 C.C affects livelihoods
 Cases about NRM, C.C and Rural Livelihoods
 NRM part of C.C mitigation

3. Poverty and NRM/C.C
 Poverty closely tied to environmental
degradation and sustainable livelihoods
 Poverty impacts C.C adaptation and
vulnerability

4. 3 cases
 Upper Tana Natural Resources Management
Project (UTaNRMP) - aims at reversing
environmental degradation while at the same time
improving livelihoods;
 Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
programme (CCAFS) – provision of localized
climate information for CC adaptation
 Adaptation Learning Programme in Africa (ALP)
implemented by CARE International - Multi-
stakeholder participatory scenario planning to
adapt to climate change

5. Analysis aspects
 Aspects of integrated approach
 Aspects of community participation
 Aspects of capacity building
 Livelihood improvement and poverty
alleviation
 Innovation
 Link to climate change
 Link to NRM
 Sustainability

6. SWOT ANALYSIS
 STRENGTHS
 WEAKNESSES
 OPPORTUNITIES
 THREATS

7. UPPER TANA all projects as one
case
 Importance of the integrated approach
 These is a nexus between poverty and
environmental management
 Livelihood improvement for poor rural
communities is important for effective natural
resources management
 Communities are too poor to invest in the
environmental management and also need to
accrue tangible benefits for natural resources
management to be sustainable

8. Lessons learned – UTaNRMP
cont’
 Small investments in livelihood improvement
have a huge bearing on natural resources
management
 Communities can engage in NRM where they
see clear benefits accruing to them

9. Lessons learned – UTaNRMP
cont’ – school greening
 Creation of environmental awareness is
important to NRM and CC
 Importance to create awareness at an early
age – easy to change attitudes/mindsets at
early age
 Children can influence the whole community
 Punishment vs NRM

10. School greening
 School as demonstration site, or entry points
to community NRM

11. Irrigation project
 Capacity building in governance is key to
community livelihood projects – sustainability,
ownership
 It is important to incorporate vulnerable
groups- schools CSR, domestic water
 Irrigation is part of CC adaptation – also
allows for diversification
 NRM components are incorporated in project
– by-laws

12. Irrigation project
 Community cohesion created
 Networks create opportunities and synergies

13. PELIS
 NRM can be a starting point for livelihood
improvement
 Communities can fully engage in NRM when
they accrue immediate livelihood benefits
 Communities can easily manage themselves
if their capacity is built
 Participatory management of natural
resources is key to successful NRM

14. PELIS
 For protection and conservation of NR,
communities must own and accrues benefits
 NRM and livelihoods need not compete as
they can be integrated

15. WRUA
 For successful NRM, communities must be
co-managers
 Contradicting policies and legislature
compound NRM
 It is important for community groups to have
legal standing
 NRM has to start with awareness creation
 Importance of community governance
structures for sustainability

16. WRUA
 WRUA engaged in CC adaptation by
improving water efficiency
 There can be productive NRM practices
 Importance of Governance and transfer of
leadership skills
 Exotic vs indigenous

17. CCAFS
 Diversification of livelihoods is very important
in adapting to and coping with the impacts of
climate change
 Livestock is key for CC adaptation especially
in ASALs
 There is great need for linkage between
different stakeholders in climate change
management matters

18. CCAFS
 Climate/weather information has to be
localized – importance of data collection
 Climate/weather information needs to be
shared in formats that locals can understand-
language, modes
 It is easier to share information to groups
 Formalizing groups increases sustainability
 It is important to give evidence – data and
information

19. ALP
 Diversification of livelihoods is very important
in adapting to and coping with the impacts of
climate change.
 Changes in gender roles are some of the
ways to adapt to the impacts of climate
change.
 Changing production systems may help in
coping with the impacts of climate change.

20. ALP
 Capacity building of vulnerable groups is
important in enhancing their ability to cope
with climate change.
 Local communities are rich in knowledge that
can be used to mitigate the impacts of climate
change.
 There is need to address the underlying
causes of community vulnerability to CC
including policy

21. ALP
 Adaptation also has to address organizational
capacity of community groups
 Weather information is probabilistic – need to
consider and plan for all possible scenarios
 Plans vs advisories
 Important to integrate into existing
programmes/plans - CIDP

22. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING