Learning organizations are companies whose employees continuously improve their skills and adapt to changing business needs. This concept was developed by Peter Senge in his book "The Fifth Discipline." A learning organization requires personal growth, questioning assumptions, teamwork, shared vision, and systems thinking. Benefits include increased productivity, profits, and adaptive abilities while reducing employee turnover. Challenges include resistance to change, ignoring tensions, lack of leadership, prioritizing individual over team success, and having only a short-term focus rather than valuing learning itself.