The document discusses three case studies of scaling organizations without insisting on cross-functional teams. The first case study describes an early growth period where different roles like development, support, and management were separated. The second case study examines a global department with separated roles across regions. The third case study outlines rebuilding internal capabilities through a discovery-alpha-beta process. The document argues that scaling is best achieved by focusing on skills and capabilities rather than rigid roles and structures, allowing for both generalists and specialists. Coordination and customer delivery are also important principles.