The document discusses three leadership theories: the Great Man theory proposes that great leaders are born, not made; the Management theory suggests that optimal performance can be achieved through rewards and punishments; Behavioral theories hypothesize that great leaders are made through observation, teaching and experience. It identifies different leadership styles such as autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire.

1. LEADERSHIP THEORIES

2. LEADERSHIP
“The action of leading a group of people or an
organization, or the ability to do this.”

3. The Great Man Theory
• This theory was given by Thomas Carlyle in 1840’s.
• “The Great Man Theory hypothesizes that true leaders are
born not made “
• His most famous quote “The history of the world is but the
biography of great men”
• The term Great Man was used in this era because of the
association of the male to leadership roles.
• As research and study of personalities and behaviour
progressed this theoretical thought fell out of favour with
historians after World War II.

4. MANAGEMENT THEORY
• This type of leadership was first introduced by Max Weber in
1947 then expounded upon by Bernard Bass in 1985.
• Its also known as Transactional Theories
• Hypothesize that optimal performance can be achieved
through the use of awards and punishments.
• The exchange between leader and subordinate involves four
dimensions:
• contingent rewards
• active management by exception
• passive management by exception
• laissez-fair.

5. Behavioral Theories
• Behavioral Theories hypothesize that great leaders are made,
not born.
• The belief is that the leader can become an effective leader
through observation, teaching and experience
• Lewin (1935) argued that there were three types of leaders:
• Autocratic
• democratic
• laissez-faire