Leadership is "organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal." The leader may or may not have any formal authority. Students of leadership have produced theories involving traits, situational interaction, function, behavior, power, vision and values, charisma, and intelligence among others.
The effect of personality on motivation and growth of organisational behaviou...Sourit Khamaru
It's a assignment upon Agricultural extention subject. Assignment given by Prof S. Acharya, Dept. of Agricultural Extention, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya
The effect of personality on motivation and growth of organisational behaviou...Sourit Khamaru
It's a assignment upon Agricultural extention subject. Assignment given by Prof S. Acharya, Dept. of Agricultural Extention, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya
Motivation - Meaning, Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, Theories of Motivation, Need Theories, Process Theories, A. Maslow Need Hierarchy, F. Herzberg Dual Factor, Mc Gregor Theory X and Theory Y, Ways of Motivating through Carrot and Stick in Organizations
Behavioral approach, Human relation VS behavioral scienceErTARUNKASHNI
BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
HISTORY OF BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
INTRODUCTION TO BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
IMPACT OF BEHAVIORAL APPROACH ON BUSINESS
TYPES OF BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
HUMAN RELATION MOVEMENT
PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN RELATION MOVEMENT
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
COMPARISON OF HUMAN RELATION VS BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
Abstract—This paper provide to what I learned in Managerial Psychology class and how to involve in real life. People can see sort of theory and model and their descriptions. I'm going to show you 6 critical topic behind descriptions and how to behave making them.
Department of Management- Organisational Behaviour
Motivation
Characteristics of Motivation
Motivation Process
Need and Types
Theories of MOTIVATION
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Hertzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory
McClelland’s Need Theory
Carrot and Stick Approach
McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
Theory Z
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Carrot and Stick Approach
Theory Z
Motivation - Meaning, Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, Theories of Motivation, Need Theories, Process Theories, A. Maslow Need Hierarchy, F. Herzberg Dual Factor, Mc Gregor Theory X and Theory Y, Ways of Motivating through Carrot and Stick in Organizations
Behavioral approach, Human relation VS behavioral scienceErTARUNKASHNI
BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
HISTORY OF BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
INTRODUCTION TO BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
IMPACT OF BEHAVIORAL APPROACH ON BUSINESS
TYPES OF BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
HUMAN RELATION MOVEMENT
PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN RELATION MOVEMENT
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
COMPARISON OF HUMAN RELATION VS BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
Abstract—This paper provide to what I learned in Managerial Psychology class and how to involve in real life. People can see sort of theory and model and their descriptions. I'm going to show you 6 critical topic behind descriptions and how to behave making them.
Department of Management- Organisational Behaviour
Motivation
Characteristics of Motivation
Motivation Process
Need and Types
Theories of MOTIVATION
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Hertzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory
McClelland’s Need Theory
Carrot and Stick Approach
McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
Theory Z
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Carrot and Stick Approach
Theory Z
23March 2010Vol. 22 No. 1Engineering Management Journal
HDM Modeling as a Tool to Assist Management With
Employee Motivation: The Case of Silicon Forest
Georgina Harell, Portland State University
Tugrul U. Daim, Portland State University
the various options more than once, and put a number to the
importance of one option over another.
This study shows a pathway to employee motivation more than
the traditional HDM approach which has the end result being one
choice. The group survey results provide a better understanding of
the differences and the specific values of the groups and smaller
sub-groups. For example, management can conclude from this
survey that women’s tangible motivators are pay and bonuses
followed by outside environment and working conditions.
Literature Review
The theory of human motivation started as an interest of
psychologists, but managers soon realized the importance of
knowing how to motivate their workforce. The work of human
motivation started as early as the Greeks (Skinner, 1965), and
is still intriguing many researchers today. Motivation through
conditioning responses has been explored in great detail since the
late 19th century. The most famous account of conditioned responses
has to be that of Pavlov’s dog—where a dog was conditioned to
salivate at the sound of a bell by repeatedly reinforcing that after a
certain sound food would be presented. This type of response has
been termed a conditioned reflex. In short, the subject has been
trained to produce a response normally associated with stimulus
A when stimulus B is presented. Pavlov’s work was just the tip
of the iceberg in terms of understanding human behavior in
response to a stimulus (Skinner, 1965). E.L. Thorndike expanded
the knowledge of human behavior by exploring the concept of
learning curves. Thorndike did considerable research examining
how long it took creatures to solve a simple problem, for example,
how to escape from a latched box. Thorndike noted that initially
the creature would take a considerable amount of time to solve the
problem, but after more and more attempts at the same situation
the solution came more and more quickly. Learning curves help
clarify how behavior in complex situations are sorted, emphasized,
and reordered. Thorndike’s work is a pivotal step toward the more
modern concept of operant conditioning (Skinner, 1965).
Operant conditioning is far more complicated than the
simple notion of reflex conditioning illustrated by Pavlov.
Operant conditioning looks at human behavior as a complicated
series of tendencies, and rather than looking at responses as either
happening or not happening, operant conditioning considers
a response as having a probability of occurring. By examining
human behavior as a probability of a response occurring, more
complicated interactions can be examined. There are two points
in operant conditioning—operant reinforcement, where a subject
is conditioned ...
Topic: Theories of Motivation
Student Name: Nadia
Class: M.Ed
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Motivation theories and ideas as well as a discussion about the importance of motivation. There is also a discussion of the use of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards
This is all about Motivation and motivation theory. if u further need any help you can contact with me on the following email address kcb.brurcse42@gmail,com .
Powering people to achieve high levels of performance and overcoming barriers in order to change!
https://www.youtube.com/@Shortclips123
Here is a link to my new YouTube channel based on motivation and inspiration from the most influential people in history! It would really help my channel grow and develop in time, thanks so much for your support!! @shortclips
Buy Verified PayPal Account | Buy Google 5 Star Reviewsusawebmarket
Buy Verified PayPal Account
Looking to buy verified PayPal accounts? Discover 7 expert tips for safely purchasing a verified PayPal account in 2024. Ensure security and reliability for your transactions.
PayPal Services Features-
🟢 Email Access
🟢 Bank Added
🟢 Card Verified
🟢 Full SSN Provided
🟢 Phone Number Access
🟢 Driving License Copy
🟢 Fasted Delivery
Client Satisfaction is Our First priority. Our services is very appropriate to buy. We assume that the first-rate way to purchase our offerings is to order on the website. If you have any worry in our cooperation usually You can order us on Skype or Telegram.
24/7 Hours Reply/Please Contact
usawebmarketEmail: support@usawebmarket.com
Skype: usawebmarket
Telegram: @usawebmarket
WhatsApp: +1(218) 203-5951
USA WEB MARKET is the Best Verified PayPal, Payoneer, Cash App, Skrill, Neteller, Stripe Account and SEO, SMM Service provider.100%Satisfection granted.100% replacement Granted.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
India Orthopedic Devices Market: Unlocking Growth Secrets, Trends and Develop...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, “India Orthopedic Devices Market -Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2030”, the India Orthopedic Devices Market stood at USD 1,280.54 Million in 2024 and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 7.84% in the forecast period, 2026-2030F. The India Orthopedic Devices Market is being driven by several factors. The most prominent ones include an increase in the elderly population, who are more prone to orthopedic conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Moreover, the rise in sports injuries and road accidents are also contributing to the demand for orthopedic devices. Advances in technology and the introduction of innovative implants and prosthetics have further propelled the market growth. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and the increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases have led to an upward trend in orthopedic surgeries, thereby fueling the market demand for these devices.
Taurus Zodiac Sign_ Personality Traits and Sign Dates.pptxmy Pandit
Explore the world of the Taurus zodiac sign. Learn about their stability, determination, and appreciation for beauty. Discover how Taureans' grounded nature and hardworking mindset define their unique personality.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
3. The Meaning of Leadership
The
Meaning of
Leadership
As a property,
leadership is the set
of characteristics
attributed to those
who are perceived to
use such influence
successfully.
As a process,
leadership is the use
of no coercive
influence to direct
and coordinate the
activities of group
members to meet a
goal.
4. Meaning of Leadership
Leadership is "organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal." The leader
may or may not have any formal authority. Students of leadership have produced
theories involving traits, situational interaction, function, behavior, power, vision
and values, charisma, and intelligence among others.
Early history
The search for the characteristics or traits of leaders has been ongoing for
centuries. History's greatest philosophical writings from Plato's Republic to
Plutarch Lives have explored the question of "What qualities distinguish an
individual as a leader?" Underlying this search was the early recognition of the
importance of leadership and the assumption that leadership is rooted in the
characteristics that certain individuals possess. This idea that leadership is
based on individual attributes is known as the "trait theory of leadership."
5. •"Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce subordinates
(followers) to work with confidence and zeal."
According to Koontz and O'Donnell
•"Leadership is the activity of influencing people to strive for
mutual objectives.“
According to George Terry
•"Leadership is the shifting of owns vision to higher sights, the
raising of man's performance to higher standards, the building of
man's personality beyond its normal limitations.“
According to Peter Drucker
6. Characteristics of Leadership.
1. Involves guiding and motivating
2. Needs subordinates and common interests
3. Promotes interest in the work
4. Needs support from all
5. Influences subordinates through personal qualities
6. Dynamic and continuous process
7. Leadership is situational
8. Assumes obligation
9. Needs interaction with followers
10. Achievement of objectives
7. Theories of Leadership.
1. Trait Approach Theory (The Traits
Approach),
2. Behavioral Approach Theory, and
3. Contingency / Situational Approach Theory.
8. Group leadership
In contrast to individual leadership,
some organizations have adopted group
leadership. In this situation, more than
one person provides direction to the
group as a whole. Some organizations
have taken this approach in hopes of
increasing creativity, reducing costs, or
downsizing. Others may see the
traditional leadership of a boss as costing
too much in team performance. In some situations, the main the team member(s)
best able to handle any given phase of the project become(s) the temporary leader(s).
Additionally, as each team member has the opportunity to experience the elevated level
of empowerment, it energizes staff and feeds the cycle of success.
Leaders who demonstrate persistence, tenacity, determination and synergistic
communication skills will bring out the same qualities in their groups. Good leaders use
their own inner mentors to energize their team and organizations and lead a team to
achieve success.
12. Motivation is the driving force which causes us to achieve goals.
Motivation is said to be intrinsic or extrinsic. The term is generally used for
humans but, theoretically, it can also be used to describe the causes for
animal behavior as well. This article refers to human motivation. According
to various theories, motivation may be rooted in a basic need to minimize
physical pain and maximize pleasure, or it may include specific needs such
as eating and resting, or a desired object, goal, state of being, ideal, or it may
be attributed to less-apparent reasons such as altruism, selfishness, morality,
or avoiding mortality
Motivation concepts
•Intrinsic Motivation
•Extrinsic Motivation
13.
14. Intrinsic motivation
It refers to motivation that is driven by an interest or enjoyment in the task itself,
and exists within the individual rather than relying on any external pressure. Intrinsic motivation has
been studied by social and educational psychologists since the early 1970s. Research has found that it is
usually associated with high educational achievement and enjoyment by students. Explanations of
intrinsic motivation have been given in the context of Fritz Heider's attribution theory, Bandura's
work on self-efficacy, and Deci and Ryan's cognitive evaluation theory (see self-determination
theory). Students are likely to be intrinsically motivated if they:
• Attribute their educational results to internal factors that they can control (e.g. the amount of
effort they put in),
•Believe they can be effective agents in reaching desired goals (i.e. the results are not determined
by luck),
•Are interested in mastering a topic, rather than just rote-learning to achieve good grades.
15. Extrinsic motivation
It comes from outside of the individual. Common extrinsic motivations are rewards
like money and grades, coercion and threat of punishment. Competition is in general extrinsic because it
encourages the performer to win and beat others, not to enjoy the intrinsic rewards of the activity. A crowd
cheering on the individual and trophies are also extrinsic incentives.
Social psychological research has indicated that extrinsic rewards can lead to over justification and a
subsequent reduction in intrinsic motivation. In one study demonstrating this effect, children who expected
to be (and were) rewarded with a ribbon and a gold star for drawing pictures spent less time playing with
the drawing materials in subsequent observations than children who were assigned to an unexpected
reward condition and to children who received no extrinsic reward.
Self-determination theory proposes that extrinsic motivation can be internalized by the individual if the task
fits with their values and beliefs and therefore helps to fulfill their basic psychological needs.
16. Incentive theory
A reward, tangible or intangible, is presented after the occurrence of
an action (i.e. behavior) with the intent to cause the behavior to occur again.
This is done by associating positive meaning to the behavior. Studies show
that if the person receives the reward immediately, the effect would be
greater, and decreases as duration lengthens. Repetitive action-reward
combination can cause the action to become habit. Motivation comes from
two sources: oneself, and other people. These two sources are called
intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, respectively. Applying proper
motivational techniques can be much harder than it seems.
17. Drive-reduction theories
Drive theory has some intuitive or folk validity. For instance when
preparing food, the drive model appears to be compatible with sensations of rising
hunger as the food is prepared, and, after the food has been consumed, a decrease in
subjective hunger
Self-determination theory
Self-determination theory, developed by Edward Deci and Richard
Ryan, focuses on the importance of intrinsic motivation in driving human behavior.
Like Maslow's hierarchical theory and others that built on it, SDT posits a natural
tendency toward growth and development. Unlike these other theories, however,
SDT does not include any sort of "autopilot" for achievement, but instead requires
active encouragement from the environment. The primary factors that encourage
motivation and development are autonomy, competence feedback, and relatedness.
18. Broad theories
The latest approach in developing a broad, integrative theory of
motivation is Temporal Motivation Theory, developed by Piers Steel and Cornelius
Konig. Introduced in their 2007 Academy of Management Review article, it
synthesizes into a single formulation the primary aspects of all other major
motivational theories, including Incentive Theory, Drive Theory, Need Theory, SelfEfficacy and Goal Setting. Notably, it simplifies the field of motivation considerably
and allows findings from one theory to be translated into terms of another.
Cognitive theories
Goal-setting theory is based on the notion that individuals sometimes
have a drive to reach a clearly defined end state. Often, this end state is a reward in
itself. A goal's efficiency is affected by three features: proximity, difficulty and
specificity. An ideal goal should present a situation where the time between the
initiation of behavior and the end state is close. This explains why some children are
more motivated to learn how to ride a bike than to master algebra. A goal should be
moderate, not too hard or too easy to complete. In both cases, most people are not
optimally motivated, as many want a challenge (which assumes some kind of
insecurity of success). At the same time people want to feel that there is a substantial
probability that they will succeed.
19. “Theory X and Theory Y” of Douglas McGregor :
McGregor, in his book “The Human side of Enterprise” states that people inside
the organization can be managed in two ways. The first is basically negative, which falls
under the category X and the other is basically positive, which falls under the category Y.
After viewing the way in which the manager dealt with employees, McGregor concluded
that a manager’s view of the nature of human beings is based on a certain grouping of
assumptions and that he or she tends to mold his or her behavior towards subordinates
according to these assumptions.
Frederick Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory :
Frederick has tried to modify Maslow’s need Hierarchy theory. His
theory is also known as two-factor theory or Hygiene theory. He stated that there are
certain satisfiers and dissatisfies for employees at work. In- transit factors are related
to job satisfaction, while extrinsic factors are associated with dissatisfaction. He
devised his theory on the question : “What do people want from their jobs ?” He
asked people to describe in detail, such situations when they felt exceptionally good
or exceptionally bad. From the responses that he received, he concluded that
opposite of satisfaction is not dissatisfaction. Removing dissatisfying characteristics
from a job does not necessarily make the job satisfying.