This presentation is about the solar PV technologies which are been using now a days like perovskite solar cells etc and there is also a comparison between the different types of solar cells in this presentation.

1. Latest in the Solar PV technologies
Ahtasham Rahim

3. Solar Energy as a Resource
 Solar Energy is increasingly being used as
a resource in the following areas:
• Architecture and Urban Planning
• Agriculture and Horticulture
• Heating, Cooling and Ventilation
• Cooking
• Fuel Production
• Electricity Generation

4. Producing Electricity using Solar Energy
Thermal Solar Energy:
• Using solar energy for
heating fluids which can be
used as a heat source or to
run turbines to generate
electricity.
Photovoltaic Solar Energy:
• Using solar energy for the
direct generation of
electricity using photovoltaic
phenomenon.

5. Types of Solar Technologies
The most common solar technology is
crystalline Si. Its two types are: Mono- Si
and Poly- Si.
Mono-Si :
crystal lattice of
entire sample is
continues
Poly-Si:
Composed of
many crystallites
of varying size
and orientation.

6. Mono-Si Solar technology
Advantages:
• Highest efficient
module till now with
efficiency between 13
to 21%.
• Commonly available in
the market.
• Greater heat
resistance.
• Acquire small area
where ever placed.
Disadvantages:
• More expensive
to produce.
• High amount of
Silicon.
• High embodied
energy (total
energy require to
produce)

7. Poly-Si Solar technology:
Poly-Si solar panels have a non-uniform texture
due to visible crystal grain present due to
manufacturing process.
Advantages:
• Good efficiency
between 14 to 16%.
• Cost effective
manufacture.
• Commonly Available
in the market.
Disadvantages:
• Not as efficient as
Mono-Si.
• Large amount of
Si.
• High Embodied
Energy.

8. Visible difference between Mono-Si
and Poly-Si Panels:
• Mono-Si solar cells are of dark color and the
corners of the cells are usually missing
• poly-Si panels are of dark or light blue color.
• The difference between the structure is only
due to their manufacturing process.

9. Amorphous Si solar Technology
• Non-crystalline allotrope of Si with no
definite arrangement of atoms.
Advantages
• Partially shade
tolerant
• More effective in
hotter climate
• Uses less silicon - low
embodied energy
• No aluminum frame -
low embodied energy
Disadvantages
• Less efficient with
efficiency between 6 to
12% .
• Less popular - harder
to replace.
• Takes up more space
for same output .
• New technology - less
proven reliability.

10. Thin Film solar cell
• Made by depositing one or more thin layers (thin
film) of photovoltaic material on a substrate.
• Thin Film technology depend upon the type of
material used to dope the substrate.
• Cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium
gallium selenide (CIGS) and amorphous silicon
(A-Si) are three thin-film technologies often used
as outdoor photovoltaic solar power production.

12. Organic Solar cell
• Ease of Processing
• Mechanical flexibility
• Economically viable
• Safer environment
• Unlimited availability
• Less expensive than inorganic materials (Si).
• Compatibility (thin cells)

13. Structure of organic cells
• Optical photons absorbed
and creates excitons (bound
electron-hole pair).
• The negative electrode is
Aluminum.
• Indium Tin Oxide(ITO) is
the common transparent
electrode.
• The substrate is glass.
• Current is generated when
the resulting free electrons
and holes are transported
through the donor polymer
and acceptor fullerene,
respectively, to the
electrodes.

14. Working of Organic Solar cell

15. Types of Organic Solar cell

16. Disadvantages
Single Layer
• Low Quantum
efficiency and
conversion efficiency
• Excitons pairs not
separated efficiently
• Electron hole
recombination process
is high. They travel in
same material
Bilayer
• Small interface that
allows only excitons
of a thin layer to
reach it and get
dissociated
• The diffusion length
of excitons is on the
order of 4-10 nm

17. Advantages of organic solar cells
1. Low weight and flexibility of the PV modules.
2. Semitransparency.
3. Easy integration into other products.
4. New market opportunities, e.g. wearable PV.
5. Significantly lower manufacturing costs
compared to conventional inorganic
technologies.
6. Manufacturing of OPV in a continuous process
using state of the art printing tools.
7. Short energy payback times and low
environmental impact during manufacturing and
operations.

18. Comparison

19. Applications
• Personal mobile phone charger
• Small home electronics and mobile electronics
attachment
• Clothes with embedded solar system
• Power generation
• BIPV (Building –integrated photovoltaic) such
as building’s exterior wall, window.

20. Perovskite solar cells
What is perovskite?
• Type of mineral that is chemically found
on earth's crust.
• It was named after a Russian nobleman
and mineralogist, Lev Perovski.
• perovskite solar cells have same structure
of the perovskite mineral, and hence
named Perovskite Solar Cells.

21. Perovskite Structure
• Perovskite is any mineral which has ABX3
crystal structure, A and B are 2 cations of very
different sizes and X is an anion that bonds to
both.
• Most Common type is crystal structure for
CaTiO3 (calcium titanate) which is also known
as Perovskite Structure.
• High future potential: PCE – boomed up to 20%
• Most common perovskite absorber is methyl
ammonium lead halide-CH3NH3PbX3.

22. Perovskite Structure
• perovskite is as a large molecular cation of type
'A' in the center of a cube.
• The corners of the cube are filled by another set
of cations 'B',
• the faces of the cube with anions 'X'
• A=inorganic cation - usually lead(II) (Pb2+)
• B=organic cation - methyl ammonium
(CH3NH3+)
• X3=halogen anion. Usually chloride (Cl-) or
iodide (I-)

24. Efficiency of Solar cells by years