Presentation by Dr Lina Moses of Tulane University at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
A simple presentation on the Lassa fever endemic in Nigeria - from its first discovery in a town called Lassa in northeastern Nigeria, the mode of transmission, to the control and prevention measures that can be applied to curbing the spread of the virus. Suitable for rural sensitization.
Excerpt from CDC -- [Signs & symptoms]
Signs and symptoms of Lassa fever typically occur 1-3 weeks after the patient comes into contact with the virus. For the majority of Lassa fever virus infections (approximately 80%), symptoms are mild and are undiagnosed. Mild symptoms include slight fever, general malaise and weakness, and headache. In 20% of infected individuals, however, disease may progress to more serious symptoms including hemorrhaging (in gums, eyes, or nose, as examples), respiratory distress, repeated vomiting, facial swelling, pain in the chest, back, and abdomen, and shock. Neurological problems have also been described, including hearing loss, tremors, and encephalitis. Death may occur within two weeks after symptom onset due to multi-organ failure.
The most common complication of Lassa fever is deafness. Various degrees of deafness occur in approximately one-third of infections, and in many cases hearing loss is permanent. As far as is known, severity of the disease does not affect this complication: deafness may develop in mild as well as in severe cases.
Approximately 15%-20% of patients hospitalized for Lassa fever die from the illness. However, only 1% of all Lassa virus infections result in death. The death rates for women in the third trimester of pregnancy are particularly high. Spontaneous abortion is a serious complication of infection with an estimated 95% mortality in fetuses of infected pregnant mothers.
Because the symptoms of Lassa fever are so varied and nonspecific, clinical diagnosis is often difficult. Lassa fever is also associated with occasional epidemics, during which the case-fatality rate can reach 50% in hospitalized patients.
A mathematical model for Rift Valley fever transmission dynamicsNaomi Marks
Presentation by Dr Bernard Bett of the International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
A simple presentation on the Lassa fever endemic in Nigeria - from its first discovery in a town called Lassa in northeastern Nigeria, the mode of transmission, to the control and prevention measures that can be applied to curbing the spread of the virus. Suitable for rural sensitization.
Excerpt from CDC -- [Signs & symptoms]
Signs and symptoms of Lassa fever typically occur 1-3 weeks after the patient comes into contact with the virus. For the majority of Lassa fever virus infections (approximately 80%), symptoms are mild and are undiagnosed. Mild symptoms include slight fever, general malaise and weakness, and headache. In 20% of infected individuals, however, disease may progress to more serious symptoms including hemorrhaging (in gums, eyes, or nose, as examples), respiratory distress, repeated vomiting, facial swelling, pain in the chest, back, and abdomen, and shock. Neurological problems have also been described, including hearing loss, tremors, and encephalitis. Death may occur within two weeks after symptom onset due to multi-organ failure.
The most common complication of Lassa fever is deafness. Various degrees of deafness occur in approximately one-third of infections, and in many cases hearing loss is permanent. As far as is known, severity of the disease does not affect this complication: deafness may develop in mild as well as in severe cases.
Approximately 15%-20% of patients hospitalized for Lassa fever die from the illness. However, only 1% of all Lassa virus infections result in death. The death rates for women in the third trimester of pregnancy are particularly high. Spontaneous abortion is a serious complication of infection with an estimated 95% mortality in fetuses of infected pregnant mothers.
Because the symptoms of Lassa fever are so varied and nonspecific, clinical diagnosis is often difficult. Lassa fever is also associated with occasional epidemics, during which the case-fatality rate can reach 50% in hospitalized patients.
A mathematical model for Rift Valley fever transmission dynamicsNaomi Marks
Presentation by Dr Bernard Bett of the International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Importance of differentiating infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) in outbr...ILRI
Poster prepared by Johanna Lindahl, Izabela Ragan, Rachel Palinksi, Bernard Bett, William Wilson and Raymond Rowland for the 4th Medical and Veterinary Virology Research Symposium, Nairobi, Kenya, 15-16 October 2015.
Rift Valley fever in Kenyan pastoral livestock: Individual-based demographic ...ILRI
Presented by S. Fuhrimann, T. Kimani, F. Hansen, B. Bett, J. Zinsstag and E. Schelling at the Regional Conference on Zoonoses in Eastern Africa, Naivasha, Kenya, 9-12 March 2015.
Growing Threat of Vector Borne DiseasesBrown Grayson
Viral diseases vectored by container-breeding mosquitoes are increasing on a global scale. This increase is being driven by factors intrinsic to the vectors and viruses as well as human-associated factors such as travel and concentrated poverty.
Malaria epidemiology and malariometric measuresKrishnaSingh419
describes data from 2019 regarding malaria and various important malariometric measures
This presentation is a concise notes taken from PARK textbook and can help in PSM exams
Presentation by Dr Mohamed Hassan of the Ministry of Agriculture, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, at the Enhancing Safe Inter-regional Livestock Trade held at Dubai, UAE, 13-16 June 2011.
Rift Valley fever virus seroprevalence among ruminants and humans in northeas...ILRI
Presentation by Johanna Lindahl, Ian Njeru, Joan Karanja, Delia Grace and Bernard Bett at the first joint conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 4–8 September 2016.
Patches, Tsetse and Livelihoods in the Zambezi Valley, ZimbabweNaomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Vupenyu Dzingirai of the University of Zimbabwe at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Dr. Andres Perez, Dr. Kim VanderWaal - Present and Future of the Dr. Morrison...John Blue
Present and Future of the Dr. Morrison Swine Health Monitoring Program (MSHMP) - Dr. Andres Perez, Dr. Kim VanderWaal, College Of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, from the 2017 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 16-19, 2017, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2017-leman-swine-conference-material
Importance of differentiating infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) in outbr...ILRI
Poster prepared by Johanna Lindahl, Izabela Ragan, Rachel Palinksi, Bernard Bett, William Wilson and Raymond Rowland for the 4th Medical and Veterinary Virology Research Symposium, Nairobi, Kenya, 15-16 October 2015.
Rift Valley fever in Kenyan pastoral livestock: Individual-based demographic ...ILRI
Presented by S. Fuhrimann, T. Kimani, F. Hansen, B. Bett, J. Zinsstag and E. Schelling at the Regional Conference on Zoonoses in Eastern Africa, Naivasha, Kenya, 9-12 March 2015.
Growing Threat of Vector Borne DiseasesBrown Grayson
Viral diseases vectored by container-breeding mosquitoes are increasing on a global scale. This increase is being driven by factors intrinsic to the vectors and viruses as well as human-associated factors such as travel and concentrated poverty.
Malaria epidemiology and malariometric measuresKrishnaSingh419
describes data from 2019 regarding malaria and various important malariometric measures
This presentation is a concise notes taken from PARK textbook and can help in PSM exams
Presentation by Dr Mohamed Hassan of the Ministry of Agriculture, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, at the Enhancing Safe Inter-regional Livestock Trade held at Dubai, UAE, 13-16 June 2011.
Rift Valley fever virus seroprevalence among ruminants and humans in northeas...ILRI
Presentation by Johanna Lindahl, Ian Njeru, Joan Karanja, Delia Grace and Bernard Bett at the first joint conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 4–8 September 2016.
Patches, Tsetse and Livelihoods in the Zambezi Valley, ZimbabweNaomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Vupenyu Dzingirai of the University of Zimbabwe at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Dr. Andres Perez, Dr. Kim VanderWaal - Present and Future of the Dr. Morrison...John Blue
Present and Future of the Dr. Morrison Swine Health Monitoring Program (MSHMP) - Dr. Andres Perez, Dr. Kim VanderWaal, College Of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, from the 2017 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 16-19, 2017, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2017-leman-swine-conference-material
This presentation was my Senior Biology Major Capstone and was given along with a written paper. The presentation discusses three scientific papers following the ebola virus from fruit bats to carriers such as gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans.
Land use, biodiversity changes and the risk of zoonotic diseases: Findings fr...ILRI
Presented by B. Bett, M. Said, R. Sang, S. Bukachi, J. Lindahl, S. Wanyoike, E. Ontiri, I. Njeru, J. Karanja, F. Wanyoike, D. Mbotha and D. Grace at the 49th Kenya Veterinary Association annual scientific conference, Busia, Kenya, 22-25 April 2015.
Epidemiology of malaria in irrigated parts of Tana River County, KenyaILRI
Poster by John Muriuki, Philip Kitala, Gerald Muchemi and Bernard Bett presented at the 9th biennial scientific conference and exhibition of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, 3-5 September 2014.
Lay perceptions of risk factors for Rift Valley fever in a pastoral community...ILRI
Poster by Salome A. Bukachi, Caroline M. Ng'ang'a and Bernard K. Bett presented at the 4th International One Health Congress and 6th Biennial Congress of the International Association for Ecology and Health (One Health EcoHealth 2016), Melbourne, Australia, 3–7 December 2016.
Tsetse, trypanosomiasis and communities in transition: investigations into he...Naomi Marks
Presentation by Dr Neil Anderson of the University of Edinburgh at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Uganda, a hotspot for neglected vector borne zoonoses.Presented at COVAB Make...Joseph Kungu
Tremendous success in control of vector borne infections like Trypanasomiasis was scored in the previous decades (20th century).
This later led to laxity resulting in prioritization of prevention and control of other infections.
Re-emergence of vector borne zoonoses has occurred, due to change in global trends (Population growth, uncontroled movement, climate).
Domestic extensions: the bushmeat ban and the social realities of hunting and...Naomi Marks
Presentation by Dr Ann Kelly of the University of Exeter/King's College London, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, at the Zoological Society of London, 17-18 March, 2016
One Health networks - why should we bother?Naomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Victor Galaz of the Stockholm Resilience Institute at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, 17-18 March 2016.
Beyond risk factors: untangling power and politics in zoonisis controlNaomi Marks
Presentation by Dr Kevin Bardosh of the University of Edinburgh at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, 17-18 March 2016.
Social dimensions of zoonoses in interdisciplinary researchNaomi Marks
Presentation by Dr Hayley MacGregor of the Institute of Development Studies, UK, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, 17-18 March 2016.
Agricultural intensification and Nipah virus emergenceNaomi Marks
Presentation by Dr Jonathan Epstein, EcoHealth Alliance, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
One Health for the Real World: partnerships and pragmatismNaomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Sarah Cleaveland of the University of Glasgow at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
The FAO/OIE/WHO Tripartite: an institutional void?Naomi Marks
Presentation by Dr Jan Slingenbergh, independent One Health policy adviser, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Framing zoonoses: from single diseases to systemic challengesNaomi Marks
Presentation by Professor David Waltner-Toews of Veterinarians without Borders, Canada, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
A critical social analysis of poverty and zoonotic disease riskNaomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Jo Sharp of the University of Glasgow at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Agent-based modelling as an integrative framework for One Health: trypanosomi...Naomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Peter Atkinson of Lancaster University of Zimbabwe at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
A unified framework for the infection dynamics of zoonotic spillover and spreadNaomi Marks
Presentation by Dr Gianni Lo Iacono of Public Health England at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Understanding zoonotic impacts: the added value from One Health approachesNaomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Jakob Zinsstag of the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Investigating the spatial epidemiology of zoonotic viral haemorrhagic feversNaomi Marks
Presentation by Dr David Pigott of the University of Oxford at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Presentation by Professor Neil Ferguson of Imperial College London at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Irrigation and the risk of Rift Valley fever transmission - a case study from...Naomi Marks
Presentation by Dr Bernard Bett of the International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Human-bat interactions and diseases: transmission risks in GhanaNaomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Yaa Ntiamoa-Baidu of the University of Ghana at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Keynote presentation by Dr Delia Grace of the International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
The Real World: One Health - zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeingNaomi Marks
Opening keynote presentation by Professor Jeremy Farrar, Director, Wellcome Trust, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Pre-empting the emergence of zoonoses by understanding their socio-ecologyNaomi Marks
Keynote presentation by Dr Peter Daqszak, President, EcoHealth Alliance, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Motivation, culture and health in a socio-ecological system in AfricaNaomi Marks
Keynote presentation by Professor Bassirou Bonfoh, Director-General, Swiss Centre for Scientific Research (CSRS), Côte d'Ivoire, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
2. Njala University
Thomas Winnebah
Bashiru Koroma
Morrison Lahai
Alie Kamara
Alhaji Gogra
John Borway
Institute of Development Studies
Melissa Leach
Annie Wilkinson
Catherine Grant
Tulane University
Lina Moses
Kenema Government Hospital
Donald Grant
James Koninga
Lansana Kanneh
Franklyn Kanneh
Momoh Foday
Special thanks to the communities of
Lalehun Kovoma
Lambayama (Kenema)
Largo Square (Segbwema)
Majihun
3. Lassa Fever
• Viral hemorrhagic fever endemic to West Africa
• Mortality up to 69% Kenema Government Hospital,
Sierra Leone (Shaffer et al. 2014 PLoS NTD)
• Rodent reservoir: Mastomys natalensis
• Where and how are people getting
infected?
• West African subspecies
(Redding et al. 2016 Mol Ecol Evol)
• Rodent to human transmission: 80%
(Lo Iocono et al. 2015 PLoS NTD)
Photo: Dan Bausch
Photo: Lina Moses
Image: David Redding
4. Lassa Fever Case Study
• Land use impact on small mammal abundance, M. natalensis
• Livelihood practices and ecosystems service uses that
increase/decrease exposure to M. natalensis
• Virus regulation as an ecosystems service (human and rodent
infection)
• Local knowledge of disease transmission and prevention
7. OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
Harvest
Burning
Brushing
Planting
Upland
Cycle
2 years of data
collection
2013 2014 2015
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
Four points of
data collection
Transectmapping
Focusgroups
Trapping
Bloodsampling
Focusgroups
Trapping
Bloodsampling
Focusgroups
Trapping
Bloodsampling
Trapping
Swamp
Cycle
Weeding,
birdmgmt
Weeding,
birdmgmt
Harvest
Harvest
Harvest
Vegetable
gardening
Soilprep,
planting
Vegetable
gardening
Soilprep,
planting
Burning
Brushing
Planting
EBOLA
Temporal Dimensions
8. 0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
OctNov 13 FebMar 14 MayJ 14 AugS 15
Cleared
Old fallow
Swamp rice
Upland mixed
Young fallow
Total
Mastomys Trap Success by Land Use and Season
Fallow land recently
cleared for upland
mixed crops
Swamp vegetable,
post rice harvest
Upland soil
prep, planting
Oct 2013 Mar 2014 May 2014 Aug 2015
9. Fallow land recently cleared—Feb/March
Men: convert bush to farm—brushing, felling trees, burning; use of tools, fire
Women and children: feed work parties, bring food and water, gather and bundle fuel wood
10. Swamp Vegetable Garden, post rice harvest—Feb/March
Women: Vegetable gardening using hands intensively. Independent income source.
11. Upland Soil Preparation and Planting—May
Women, men and children all involved in planting rice, ground nuts, intercrops. Land (and burrows?)
significantly disturbed
12. Seasonal Peaks of Lassa Fever cases reporting to Kenema
Government Hospital 2008-2012
Peak of M. natalensis
abundance in cleared and
swamp land
Peak of M. natalensis
abundance in upland
farms
(Shaffer et al. 2014, PLoS NTD)
This study also
showed Lassa
fever for women
13. Analyses in Progress
• Human Lassa Antibody Seroconversions
• Gender and age distribution
• Association with agricultural activities
• Integrating data on local understanding of rodent, diseases, and their
control
• Virus incidence in small mammal populations
• Species richness, disease regulation
• Interspecific competition
14. Key findings
• Peak abundance of Mastomys coincides with
times of significant human-driven land
perturbation
• This perturbation is gender and age specific.
• This coincides with peak seasons in Lassa fever incidence
• Seroconversion data will give better insight
• Lassa fever disease system should be examined in the context of ecosystems
services
• Mastomys as protein source
• Mastomys as agricultural pest and disease reservoir
• Potential cross-cutting with agricultural sector
15. This work, Dynamic Drivers of Disease in Africa Consortium, NERC project number
NE-J001570-1, was funded with support from the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA)
programme. The ESPA programme is funded by the Department for International Development (DFID), the
Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC).