This document provides information about body language and character structures from various body-centered psychotherapy experts like Stanley Keleman, Alexander Lowen, and Barbara Brennan. It discusses five main character structures (schizoid, oral, psychopathic, masochistic, rigid) defined by a basic conflict, background trauma, psychology, and recommended treatment approach. It also covers topics like the body's contact with the external world, defensive aspects of each character structure, grounding and integrity from psychological and spiritual perspectives, the importance of the spine for the body and mind, and how integrity problems can manifest as energy leaking from the aura.
In this presentation I discuss the formation of character structure and have participants to exercises that will help them understand the experience of different characters.
This document discusses physical dynamics of character structure and the nervous system. It provides information on:
1. Character structures form from early life experiences of rejection, deprivation etc. and manifest as muscle tensions and behavioral patterns.
2. The nervous system has central and peripheral divisions that gather sensory information and direct motor responses.
3. Early trauma can lead to hypo-responsive muscles while later trauma results in hyper-responsive muscles and body armor. Character structures reflect imprints from critical early life stages.
This document discusses healthy relationships and love. It begins by exploring why relationships often end in breakups or divorce, and why people often repeat unhealthy relationship patterns. It then examines the neurochemistry of love, including hormones like oxytocin, vasopressin, dopamine, and serotonin. Several theories of relationships and intimacy are presented, drawing from object relations theory, transactional analysis, and limbic resonance. The document also discusses concepts like fear of intimacy, mature versus immature love, and taking risks in love. Overall, it provides an overview of psychological and biological factors involved in forming and maintaining healthy relationships.
Young children and animals are open to feelings of joy, and are known to literally jump for joy, but it is rare to see a mature or older person feel and act that way. In this presentation, I explore how we can regain our natural ability to feel joy and be joyful, as well as what are the impediments to feeling of joy.
The developmental model discussed in this presentation is the chronic traumatic experience of a child during his various developmental stages. A system theoretic model is discussed, as well as physical dynamics of character structure. All 5 character types are also discussed which are based on a bioenergetic model.
This document provides information about body language and character structures from various body-centered psychotherapy experts like Stanley Keleman, Alexander Lowen, and Barbara Brennan. It discusses five main character structures (schizoid, oral, psychopathic, masochistic, rigid) defined by a basic conflict, background trauma, psychology, and recommended treatment approach. It also covers topics like the body's contact with the external world, defensive aspects of each character structure, grounding and integrity from psychological and spiritual perspectives, the importance of the spine for the body and mind, and how integrity problems can manifest as energy leaking from the aura.
In this presentation I discuss the formation of character structure and have participants to exercises that will help them understand the experience of different characters.
This document discusses physical dynamics of character structure and the nervous system. It provides information on:
1. Character structures form from early life experiences of rejection, deprivation etc. and manifest as muscle tensions and behavioral patterns.
2. The nervous system has central and peripheral divisions that gather sensory information and direct motor responses.
3. Early trauma can lead to hypo-responsive muscles while later trauma results in hyper-responsive muscles and body armor. Character structures reflect imprints from critical early life stages.
This document discusses healthy relationships and love. It begins by exploring why relationships often end in breakups or divorce, and why people often repeat unhealthy relationship patterns. It then examines the neurochemistry of love, including hormones like oxytocin, vasopressin, dopamine, and serotonin. Several theories of relationships and intimacy are presented, drawing from object relations theory, transactional analysis, and limbic resonance. The document also discusses concepts like fear of intimacy, mature versus immature love, and taking risks in love. Overall, it provides an overview of psychological and biological factors involved in forming and maintaining healthy relationships.
Young children and animals are open to feelings of joy, and are known to literally jump for joy, but it is rare to see a mature or older person feel and act that way. In this presentation, I explore how we can regain our natural ability to feel joy and be joyful, as well as what are the impediments to feeling of joy.
The developmental model discussed in this presentation is the chronic traumatic experience of a child during his various developmental stages. A system theoretic model is discussed, as well as physical dynamics of character structure. All 5 character types are also discussed which are based on a bioenergetic model.
Types of trauma are discussed, also discussed are the nature of traumatic memories from a neuroscience-based microscopic view as well as a macroscopic view. Details of neuronal firings and spikes as well as action potentials are discussed. Everything is finally tied together to provide ways of treating trauma.
Freud's psychoanalytic theory has three main parts: personality dynamics, structure, and psycho-sexual development. The personality is composed of the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, the ego obeys reality, and the superego incorporates social morality. Freud also proposed five stages of psycho-sexual development from infancy through young adulthood where the libido becomes focused on different erogenous zones.
Dr. Wilhelm Reich was an Austrian psychoanalyst who developed innovative theories about sexuality, character, and psychosomatic medicine. Some of his major ideas included orgastic potency, character analysis involving seven body segments, and the concept of orgone energy. He published works on topics like masturbation, neurosis, fascism, and the sexual revolution. Reich's focus on releasing suppressed emotions through the body influenced fields like body psychotherapy. However, his theories on orgone energy and devices to measure it were controversial and not scientifically validated. Overall, Reich made important contributions to psychoanalysis but some of his later ideas faced significant criticism.
This document provides an overview of concepts relating to the mind. It discusses historical perspectives on the mind and soul from ancient Greece and India. It examines why defining the mind is difficult and provides several definitions. It outlines key mental functions like thought, cognition, conation, affect, memory, imagination, perception, and judgement. It explores the concepts of consciousness, psyche, psychic apparatus, and Freud's topographical and structural models of the mind. The document presents information on these topics in a comprehensive but concise manner.
This document discusses several theories of personality, including psychoanalytic perspectives proposed by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William Sheldon. Freud believed personality is composed of the id, ego, and superego and develops through psychosexual stages in childhood. Jung proposed the collective unconscious containing archetypes and described introversion and extroversion. Adler emphasized feelings of inferiority and superiority. Sheldon categorized body types as endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph. While contributing ideas about unconscious forces and early influences, psychoanalytic theories have also been criticized as vague and relying too heavily on case studies with potential distortions.
This document provides an overview of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theories of the mind, including the concepts of the id, ego, and superego. It discusses Freud's structural model of the mind and introduces key Freudian concepts. It also provides definitions of psychoanalysis and related terms like conscious, unconscious, and personality. Resources on Freudian psychoanalysis and a short biography of Freud are included.
Sigmund Freud believed that people should strive to be in harmony with their complexes rather than try to eliminate them, as complexes are what guide human behavior. Freud developed many influential theories of psychoanalysis, including the concepts of the id, ego and superego; defense mechanisms; the interpretation of dreams; and the Oedipus complex. Although some of Freud's ideas seem abstract, the foundations of modern psychology are based on his theories of the human psyche.
The document discusses several theories of personality:
1. Trait theories attempt to identify personality traits and how they relate to behavior.
2. Psychoanalytic theories focus on internal conflicts and struggles within personality.
3. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator identifies personal preferences to assist with self-understanding.
Freud's psychoanalytic theory proposes that personality comprises the id, ego, and superego, which represent unconscious drives, reality-based functioning, and internalized morality, respectively. Jung identified two personality types - introvert and extrovert - based on whether one's attention is directed inward or outward. Cattell identified source and surface traits as well as the "Big Five" personality
This document discusses key concepts in psychoanalytic theory, including the unconscious mind, the ego, id, and superego. It also outlines Freud's psychosexual stages of development, including the oral stage where infants obtain pleasure from nursing and biting, the anal stage where pleasure comes from expelling feces, the phallic stage where children discover gender differences, and the latency stage where sexual interest is suppressed before emerging in the genital stage with interest in the opposite sex.
Id, Ego, Superego. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of PsychologyTheresa Lowry-Lehnen
Freud proposed that the human psyche is composed of three parts: the id, ego, and superego. The id is the impulsive, unconscious part that demands immediate gratification. The ego develops to mediate between the id and reality. It works to satisfy the id's demands in realistic ways. The superego incorporates social values and morals, controlling the id's impulses. It causes feelings of guilt when urges are acted on and pride when behaving properly. These parts develop at different stages and allow the psyche to balance internal needs with external demands.
Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis and its fundamental assumptions include that unconscious factors motivate behavior, early childhood experiences shape personality, and unconscious motives and conflicts are central. His basic concepts include human nature being determined by unconscious drives, instincts being life instincts and death instincts, and the structural theory of personality comprising the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. Defense mechanisms like repression are employed by the ego to reduce anxiety from unconscious conflicts. Psychoanalysis aims to make the unconscious conscious through techniques like free association, dream analysis, and interpretation of transference.
Psychoanalytic theory unconscious mind.docDaryl Bambic
Freud proposed that the psyche is composed of three parts:
1. The id operates based on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of instincts like hunger and sex.
2. The ego develops to mediate between the id and reality. It operates based on the reality principle of delaying gratification.
3. The superego incorporates societal values and ideals, forming one's conscience which the ego must balance against the id.
Psychodynamic theory proposes that personality is shaped by unconscious forces. Freud divided the mind into the id, ego, and superego. He believed personality develops through five psychosexual stages from infancy through adolescence, where the child's pleasure-seeking becomes focused on different body parts or functions.
This document provides an overview of several major theories of personality psychology. It begins with definitions of key personality-related concepts like traits, temperament, and types. It then outlines four main categories of personality theory: trait theories, psychoanalytic theory, social-cognitive theories, and humanistic theories. For each category, several influential theorists are described along with their key concepts and models of personality. Trait theorists discussed include Jung, Eysenck, and Cattell. Freud's psychoanalytic concepts of the id, ego, and superego are explained. Bandura's social learning theory and Rotter's locus of control are reviewed as social-cognitive approaches. Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Rogers' self-
This document summarizes key concepts from somatic psychology and character structure analysis:
1) It describes the schizoid and oral character structures, including common physical traits and how they relate to early childhood trauma and the denial of needs/impulses.
2) It provides exercises to experientially explore the formation of these character structures, having participants enact scenarios of rejection and need frustration.
3) It discusses drives, repression, identification and the development of "character armor" as ways the body and mind protect against trauma but also limit full expression of needs and feelings.
The document discusses different philosophical views of the self from several philosophers. Socrates, Plato and Augustine viewed the self as an immortal soul that exists over time. Descartes saw the self as a thinking thing, distinct from the body. Locke believed personal identity is made possible by self-consciousness. Hume argued there is no self, only a bundle of changing perceptions. Kant saw the self as an underlying subject that makes experience intelligible. Ryle defined the self as the way people behave. Churchland claims the self is the brain and mental states will be replaced by brain states.
The document discusses representations of the self from various disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, and anthropology. It examines factors that shape the self and compares how the self is conceptualized across disciplines. Philosophers from ancient to modern times have sought to describe the qualities of a person's uniqueness and examined how one should live. Disciplines view the self differently, with some seeing it as dualistic while others see it as embodied or culturally constructed.
Types of trauma are discussed, also discussed are the nature of traumatic memories from a neuroscience-based microscopic view as well as a macroscopic view. Details of neuronal firings and spikes as well as action potentials are discussed. Everything is finally tied together to provide ways of treating trauma.
Freud's psychoanalytic theory has three main parts: personality dynamics, structure, and psycho-sexual development. The personality is composed of the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, the ego obeys reality, and the superego incorporates social morality. Freud also proposed five stages of psycho-sexual development from infancy through young adulthood where the libido becomes focused on different erogenous zones.
Dr. Wilhelm Reich was an Austrian psychoanalyst who developed innovative theories about sexuality, character, and psychosomatic medicine. Some of his major ideas included orgastic potency, character analysis involving seven body segments, and the concept of orgone energy. He published works on topics like masturbation, neurosis, fascism, and the sexual revolution. Reich's focus on releasing suppressed emotions through the body influenced fields like body psychotherapy. However, his theories on orgone energy and devices to measure it were controversial and not scientifically validated. Overall, Reich made important contributions to psychoanalysis but some of his later ideas faced significant criticism.
This document provides an overview of concepts relating to the mind. It discusses historical perspectives on the mind and soul from ancient Greece and India. It examines why defining the mind is difficult and provides several definitions. It outlines key mental functions like thought, cognition, conation, affect, memory, imagination, perception, and judgement. It explores the concepts of consciousness, psyche, psychic apparatus, and Freud's topographical and structural models of the mind. The document presents information on these topics in a comprehensive but concise manner.
This document discusses several theories of personality, including psychoanalytic perspectives proposed by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William Sheldon. Freud believed personality is composed of the id, ego, and superego and develops through psychosexual stages in childhood. Jung proposed the collective unconscious containing archetypes and described introversion and extroversion. Adler emphasized feelings of inferiority and superiority. Sheldon categorized body types as endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph. While contributing ideas about unconscious forces and early influences, psychoanalytic theories have also been criticized as vague and relying too heavily on case studies with potential distortions.
This document provides an overview of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theories of the mind, including the concepts of the id, ego, and superego. It discusses Freud's structural model of the mind and introduces key Freudian concepts. It also provides definitions of psychoanalysis and related terms like conscious, unconscious, and personality. Resources on Freudian psychoanalysis and a short biography of Freud are included.
Sigmund Freud believed that people should strive to be in harmony with their complexes rather than try to eliminate them, as complexes are what guide human behavior. Freud developed many influential theories of psychoanalysis, including the concepts of the id, ego and superego; defense mechanisms; the interpretation of dreams; and the Oedipus complex. Although some of Freud's ideas seem abstract, the foundations of modern psychology are based on his theories of the human psyche.
The document discusses several theories of personality:
1. Trait theories attempt to identify personality traits and how they relate to behavior.
2. Psychoanalytic theories focus on internal conflicts and struggles within personality.
3. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator identifies personal preferences to assist with self-understanding.
Freud's psychoanalytic theory proposes that personality comprises the id, ego, and superego, which represent unconscious drives, reality-based functioning, and internalized morality, respectively. Jung identified two personality types - introvert and extrovert - based on whether one's attention is directed inward or outward. Cattell identified source and surface traits as well as the "Big Five" personality
This document discusses key concepts in psychoanalytic theory, including the unconscious mind, the ego, id, and superego. It also outlines Freud's psychosexual stages of development, including the oral stage where infants obtain pleasure from nursing and biting, the anal stage where pleasure comes from expelling feces, the phallic stage where children discover gender differences, and the latency stage where sexual interest is suppressed before emerging in the genital stage with interest in the opposite sex.
Id, Ego, Superego. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of PsychologyTheresa Lowry-Lehnen
Freud proposed that the human psyche is composed of three parts: the id, ego, and superego. The id is the impulsive, unconscious part that demands immediate gratification. The ego develops to mediate between the id and reality. It works to satisfy the id's demands in realistic ways. The superego incorporates social values and morals, controlling the id's impulses. It causes feelings of guilt when urges are acted on and pride when behaving properly. These parts develop at different stages and allow the psyche to balance internal needs with external demands.
Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis and its fundamental assumptions include that unconscious factors motivate behavior, early childhood experiences shape personality, and unconscious motives and conflicts are central. His basic concepts include human nature being determined by unconscious drives, instincts being life instincts and death instincts, and the structural theory of personality comprising the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. Defense mechanisms like repression are employed by the ego to reduce anxiety from unconscious conflicts. Psychoanalysis aims to make the unconscious conscious through techniques like free association, dream analysis, and interpretation of transference.
Psychoanalytic theory unconscious mind.docDaryl Bambic
Freud proposed that the psyche is composed of three parts:
1. The id operates based on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of instincts like hunger and sex.
2. The ego develops to mediate between the id and reality. It operates based on the reality principle of delaying gratification.
3. The superego incorporates societal values and ideals, forming one's conscience which the ego must balance against the id.
Psychodynamic theory proposes that personality is shaped by unconscious forces. Freud divided the mind into the id, ego, and superego. He believed personality develops through five psychosexual stages from infancy through adolescence, where the child's pleasure-seeking becomes focused on different body parts or functions.
This document provides an overview of several major theories of personality psychology. It begins with definitions of key personality-related concepts like traits, temperament, and types. It then outlines four main categories of personality theory: trait theories, psychoanalytic theory, social-cognitive theories, and humanistic theories. For each category, several influential theorists are described along with their key concepts and models of personality. Trait theorists discussed include Jung, Eysenck, and Cattell. Freud's psychoanalytic concepts of the id, ego, and superego are explained. Bandura's social learning theory and Rotter's locus of control are reviewed as social-cognitive approaches. Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Rogers' self-
This document summarizes key concepts from somatic psychology and character structure analysis:
1) It describes the schizoid and oral character structures, including common physical traits and how they relate to early childhood trauma and the denial of needs/impulses.
2) It provides exercises to experientially explore the formation of these character structures, having participants enact scenarios of rejection and need frustration.
3) It discusses drives, repression, identification and the development of "character armor" as ways the body and mind protect against trauma but also limit full expression of needs and feelings.
The document discusses different philosophical views of the self from several philosophers. Socrates, Plato and Augustine viewed the self as an immortal soul that exists over time. Descartes saw the self as a thinking thing, distinct from the body. Locke believed personal identity is made possible by self-consciousness. Hume argued there is no self, only a bundle of changing perceptions. Kant saw the self as an underlying subject that makes experience intelligible. Ryle defined the self as the way people behave. Churchland claims the self is the brain and mental states will be replaced by brain states.
The document discusses representations of the self from various disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, and anthropology. It examines factors that shape the self and compares how the self is conceptualized across disciplines. Philosophers from ancient to modern times have sought to describe the qualities of a person's uniqueness and examined how one should live. Disciplines view the self differently, with some seeing it as dualistic while others see it as embodied or culturally constructed.
1) Socrates viewed the self as consisting of two parts - the physical body and the immortal soul. The soul is the true self that survives death.
2) Plato saw the self as composed of reason, physical appetite, and spirit or passion. It is the role of reason to control and harmonize these parts.
3) Freud proposed the self has both a conscious and unconscious aspect, with the latter governed by pleasure and the former by reality. The mind operates through the id, ego, and superego.
This document provides an overview of personality, including its meaning, definition, topography, types, and theories. It begins with defining personality and discussing its key characteristics, such as being dynamic and influenced by both heredity and environment. It then covers various typologies of personality proposed by theorists like Hippocrates, Kretschmer, Sheldon, and Jung. Major theories discussed include trait theories, psychoanalytic theory, social learning theory, and Rogers' self theory. The document aims to comprehensively introduce the topic of personality from different perspectives.
The self from various perspective (Philosophers and Anthropologists)KerenJoyCabillonAmod
The document discusses different perspectives on the self from philosophy and anthropology. In philosophy, thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle viewed the self as consisting of both physical and non-physical elements. Later philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Hume debated the relationship between mind, body, and personal identity. In anthropology, the self is seen as culturally constructed and context dependent rather than fixed. Researchers study how culture shapes one's sense of self and relationships.
The self from various perspective (Philosophers and AnthropologistKerenJoyCabillonAmod
The document discusses different perspectives on the self from philosophy and anthropology. In philosophy, thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle viewed the self as consisting of both physical and non-physical elements. Later philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Hume debated the relationship between mind, body, and personal identity. In anthropology, the self is seen as culturally constructed and context dependent rather than fixed. Researchers study how culture shapes one's sense of self and relationships.
This document discusses the psychology of literature. It outlines several key concepts in the psychology of literature including studying the psychology of the author, characters, and readers. It also summarizes some of Freud's major theories regarding the human psyche, including his structural, topographic, and developmental models. Finally, it discusses how psychoanalysis can be applied to analyzing literature by treating literary works like dreams to understand author's unconscious motivations and desires.
In this presentation I discuss pleasure from biological and psychological point of views, and how it is rooted in the body. I also present exercises to feel pleasure in the body.
This document discusses different philosophical views of the self. It begins by defining self and explaining why understanding the self is important. It then examines perspectives on the self from philosophers like Socrates, Plato, Augustine, Descartes, Hume, Kant, Ryle, and Merleau-Ponty. Key points discussed include: Plato's view of the soul having three parts; Augustine and Aquinas' view of humans having both a body and soul; Descartes conception of the mind and body; Hume's view of self as a bundle of perceptions; and Merleau-Ponty's view of the mind and body being intertwined. The document aims to compare these philosophical conceptions of
This document provides an overview of personality and various theories of personality. It defines personality and discusses its nature and characteristics. It then examines several approaches to studying personality, including physiological, psychological, and socio-cultural perspectives. The document outlines several influential theories of personality, such as type theories, trait theories, psychoanalytic theory, and humanistic theory. It also discusses determinants of personality like heredity, environment, culture, and experiences. Finally, it covers methods of assessing personality through objective tests like the MMPI and projective tests like the TAT and Rorschach inkblot test.
The document discusses stress management and provides advice from various spiritual texts and figures. It defines stress and explores its physical, chemical, and emotional causes. It describes the optimal stress level according to Dr. Hans Selye and provides tips for managing stress through spiritual practices like yoga, meditation, maintaining equanimity, and cultivating qualities like patience, optimism, and compassion. Maintaining a balance of the three mind qualities (gunas) of sattva, rajas, and tamas is important for a stress-free life.
Theories of Neo Freudian Psychoanalysts.pptxhinaakbar14
In this presentation, we will explore the fascinating realm of neo-Freudian psychology, a movement that emerged as a reaction to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theories. Neo-Freudians sought to build upon Freud's groundbreaking ideas while also incorporating new perspectives and expanding upon his work.
We will delve into the key figures of the Neo-Freudian movement, such as Carl Jung, Karen Horney, Alfred Adler, and Erik Erikson.
- Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist who founded analytical psychology and broke from Freud's psychoanalytic theory, developing his own theories of the structure and dynamics of personality.
- Jung proposed that the psyche is composed of several interacting systems including the ego, personal and collective unconscious, archetypes like the persona, anima/animus, and shadow.
- A key concept is individuation, the process of integrating all aspects of personality towards unity and self-realization. Jung used case studies, word association tests, comparative mythology research, and dreams in his work.
This document discusses how the body can represent the shadow side of oneself. It begins by discussing how the body contains sensations, memories, and impulses that feel foreign and unexplained to one's conscious mind. It then describes how autistic children in particular experience violent sensations that they feel they must control through compulsive behaviors or by projecting the sensations onto external "shadows." The document suggests the body hides aspects of oneself that are consciously denied, like anger, anxiety, or needs, and reflects one's rejected sides. It posits the body holds the record of energies that have been murdered and rejected until the body becomes deadened and unavailable. For those who can read it, the body reveals what one dare not speak and expresses
This document discusses disorders of self and provides information on key concepts related to self, including:
1. It defines self and discusses levels of self-awareness, self-concept, body image, and theories of self such as self-awareness theory and self-discrepancy theory.
2. It explores the history of perspectives on individual identity versus community and discusses how mirrors encouraged greater self-inspection.
3. It examines the brain regions involved in self-referential processing and the role of serotonin in regulating self-esteem.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
1. Language of the Body
Homayoun Shahri, Ph.D., M.A., LMFT
homayoun.shahri@ravonkavi.com
http://www.ravonkavi.com
2. Wilhelm Reich, M.D.
● Student of Freud, and president of Vienna
psychoanalytic society
● Recognized as the father of somatic psychology
“Only the liberation of the natural capacity
for love in human beings can master their
sadistic destructiveness.” Wilhelm Reich
3. Character Armor
The CHARACTER is the totality of the mechanical, automatic
and unconscious ways of reacting, by which the individual maintained
his or her psycho-physical balance; a balance that makes
sure that the feelings, emotions and bodily impulses which
for various reasons have been blocked, remain separated
from the consciousness of the individual. (Alexander Lowen)
Reich named this CHARACTER STRUCTURE -
the Character armor, because of its function as a defense.
This armor has a bodily side in the form of chronic
muscular tensions, where the repressed material is hidden.
(Alexander Lowen)
4. Alexander Lowen, M.D.
● Student of Reich and founder of Bioenergetic
Analysis
(My teacher, mentor, and therapist)
“For every person the basic reality of his being is
his body. It is through his body that he experiences
the world and by his body that he responds to it.
If a person is out of touch with his body, he is out
of touch with the reality of the world.” – From
Depression and the Body by Alexander Lowen, M.D.
5. A Body Model
“The Body is not an object,
it’s not even a concrete event,
it’s not even materialistic.
It’s a molecular process,
it’s a moving event.”,
Stanley Keleman, Emotional Anatomy
6. The Schizoid Character Structure
● Spastic muscles (and/or stringy muscles)
● Usually walks awkwardly
● Split in the body (top and bottom half, or twisted, or split around the center)
● Breathing is very shallow
● Feelings are repressed
● Eyes are dull that do not connect
● Tensions in the joints
● Tendency to live in the head and fantasy
● Has sex to feel alive
“Love is the absence of Anxiety.” ― Wilhelm Reich
7. The Oral Character Structure
● Elongated and narrow body
● Child-like face and body
● Dependent personality
● Knees are locked
● Not much body hair (child-like)
● Complains of lack of energy
● Breathing is not full
● Collapsed chest
● Has sex to seek contact
“Despair is the only cure for illusion”, Alexander Lowen
8. Narcissistic Character Structure
● Body is top heavy (energy in the upper half of the body)
● Tends to control using power or manipulation
● Tension in the neck (resulting in disconnecting from body)
● Tension in the waist separating two halves of body
● Tension in genital disconnecting it from feelings
● Inflated chest in Power Narcissist, and raised shoulders
or squared shoulders in manipulative type
● Grandiose image of himself
● Has sex to control and manipulate
“We live in a community of people not so that we can suppress and dominate each other or make each other miserable but
so that we can better and more reliably satisfy all life's healthy needs.” ― Wilhelm Reich
9. Masochistic Character Structure
● Body is muscular and big (may also be fat – stagnant energy)
● Tendency to complain
● Holds in feelings
● Thick/short neck
● Peripherals of the body are not charged
● Pelvis is tucked in, and back is collapsed
● Has a lot of energy but bound in his structure
● Does not enjoy sex!
“The cry for freedom is a sign of suppression. It will not cease to ring as long as man feels himself captive.”, Wilhelm Reich
10. The Rigid Character Structure
● Body is well proportioned
● Very energetic and industrious (achiever)
● Heart and sexuality are not connected (diaphragmatic tension)
● Suffers from sexual anxiety
● Holds tension in long muscles of the back to “stand tall”
● He is free (in energetic sense), but cannot “let go”,
else he has to open his heart!
● Has sex to conquer
“Your life will be good and secure when aliveness will mean more to you than security; love more than money; your freedom
more than party line or public opinion”, Wilhelm Reich
11. Guest House (Rumi)
This being human is a guest house.
Every morning a new arrival.
A joy, a depression, a meanness,
some momentary awareness comes
As an unexpected visitor.
Welcome and entertain them all!
Even if they're a crowd of sorrows,
who violently sweep your house
empty of its furniture,
still treat each guest honorably.
He may be clearing you out
for some new delight.
The dark thought, the shame, the malice,
meet them at the door laughing,
and invite them in.
Be grateful for whoever comes,
because each has been sent
as a guide from beyond.