Functional grammar analyzes language based on choices and how grammar constructs meaning in context. It looks at analyzing experience, interaction, and message construction. Functional grammar in ESP deals with analyzing processes, participants, circumstances, mood, modality, and clause combining. Notional grammar expresses ideas and social behaviors that do not vary across languages. Functional grammar is useful for ESP as it focuses on actual language use and human thinking. Some advantages are that it provides an inventory of language elements and is based on factual study of language use.

1. FUNCTIONAL ANDFUNCTIONAL AND
NOTIONALNOTIONAL
GRAMMARGRAMMAR
FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
Functional
Capable of operating.

2. FEATURES OF FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
 1. It is based on the notion of choice– it models grammar as a set of
options ( a repertoire or resource).
 2. It looks at the way in which grammar is used to construct texts in
their context of use.
 3. It is concerned with the way in which grammar is organized to make
meaning.
IT IS CONCERNED WITH
 1. analyzing experience – what is going on.
 2. analyzing interaction – who is communicating with whom.
 3. analyzing with ways in which messages are constructed.

3. ESP AND FUNCTIONAL GRAMMARESP AND FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
FG deals with resource for analyzing
experience (Process type, Participants and
Circumstances)
Participating in communication (mood and
modality)
 Packaging information (theme and
cohesion).
 It is concerned for combining clauses into
clause complexes (sentences).

4. Notional
Pertaining to or expressing a notion or idea.
Abstract, theoretical, or speculative, as reflective thought.
 Functions concerned with social behaviour
and represent the intention of the speaker or
writer.
 Notion reflect the way in which the other
man thinks.
 The Functional View of Language have an
influence on language teaching in the 1970s.

5. COUNCEL OF EUROPE’S EFFORTCOUNCEL OF EUROPE’S EFFORT
IN 1970.IN 1970.
 TO SPECIFY KIND OF EQUIVALENCE IN THE
SYLLABUSES.
 THE MAIN FOCUS WAS TO LEARN LANGUAGES.
 THE IMPROVEMENT OF TEACHING METHODS.
 FORMAL GROUND WAS THE BASIC.
 THIS FORMAL APPROACH LEAD US TOWARDS
VARIATION.
 DIVIDE LEARNING TASKS ACROSS VARIOUS
LANGUAGES.

6. WHY FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR INWHY FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR IN
ESP COURSEESP COURSE
 HUMAN THINKING AND SOCIAL
BEHAVIOUR WHICH DO NOT VARY
ACROSS LANGUAGES.
 THUS FUNTIONAL ELEMENT IS
OBVIOUS WITH NOTIONS.
 FUNTIONALY BASED SYLABUS
DEVELOPED ESP MORE.

7. USE OF FUNCTIONAL GRAMMARUSE OF FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
AND REASONS.AND REASONS.
IT IS VERY HELPFUL IN COMMUNICATION AND
SEEKING NATIVE LIKE PROFICIENCY IN
LANGUAGE CLASSROOM OF ESP.
IT IS STUDENT CENTERED.

8. FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR IN ESPFUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR IN ESP
LOGICAL AND
METHODOLOGICAL
ACTUAL USE OF
LANGUAGE.

9. ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
IT IS AN INVENTORY OF
THE LANGUAGE.
BASED ON FACTUAL STUDY
OF THE LANGUAGE.

10. TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR INTRADITIONAL GRAMMAR IN
CONTRASTCONTRAST
INFORMAL
GIVES PRIORITY TO WRITTEN
LANGUAGE
NORMATIVE RULES
COULD NOT EXPRESS GESTURES

11. MEANING AND UNDERSTANDINGMEANING AND UNDERSTANDING
LANGUAGE.LANGUAGE.
Traditional Grammar uses meaning as the primary
tool of linguistic analysis. Total meaning of a
language utterance can not be analyzed in the
present stage of our knowledge. Meaning is a
complex entity to understand of which a form
description of language should form the base.
Similarly it is going to treat because there is a
various categories of meanings.

12. DRAWBACKS OF FUNCTIONALDRAWBACKS OF FUNCTIONAL
SYLLABUSSYLLABUS
 LACK OF ANY KIND OF SYSTEMATIC
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK,
 DOES NOT HELP LEARNER TO
ORGANISE THEIR KNOWLEDGE IN
SYSTEMATIC WAY,
 RULES ARE NOT NECESSARY IN THAT
SYLABUS AS COMPARED TO
TRADITIONAL APPROACH,

13. FUNCTION
STRUCTURE
 FORMS
 GENDER / CASE
ENDINGS OF
ARTICLES.
 SPELLINGS.
 TENSES AND RULES.
 COUNTABLE /
UNCOUNTABLES
CONTEXT
 MEANINGS
Social Meaning
Linguistic Meaning
SITUATION.
CULTURE.
EXPRESSIONS.
INTENTIONS.

14. There are various categories
of meaning there are two
major types of meaning 1)
Social Meaning (2) Linguistic
Meaning and Linguistic
meaning is divided into tow
sub-categories (1) Lexical
meaning (2) Structural
meaning similarly lexical
meaning is divided into three
subdivisions(1) notional
meaning (2) referent ional
meaning (3) contextual
meaning.

15. REPLACEMENT FOR OLDER SYLABUS.
FG offers a platform for both theoretical linguists
interested in representation and formalism and
descriptive linguists interested in data and
analysis.

16. SNAKES AND LADDER
SYLABUS
 CORE LADDER OF STRUCTURES
INTERWINED WITH SPIRALLING
SNAKE OF RELATED FUNCTIONS.
CONTENT: TELEPHONE CONVERSATION
STRUCTURE: DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
FUNCTION : DESCRIBE LOCATION
LEXIS : PFFICE EQUIPMENTS

17. IN ESP FUNCTIONAL AND NOTATIONAL PLAYS
IMPORTANT PART
THANKS.
PRESENTED BY
( MADIHA BATOOL )