Language Can Be A Non Native English Speaker Essay

Language Can Be A Non Native English Speaker Essay
As we have all witnessed first–hand in America and other countries, there are many variations of the
languages we speak. Different dialects, pronunciation, forms, and accents all make up the subtle
differences of languages spoken around the world. Because America is a "melting pot" for so many
unique cultures, it's easy to walk down the street and pick up on a version of English not native to
you. As you travel around the country and the world, you detect that the language changes are
unquestionably apparent and are effortlessly identifiable because of their unfamiliarity to you. I feel
that the different dialects, accents, and forms of the English language, all help add to the cultural
diversity here in America and make it a more well–rounded place. But, language can be a harmful
thing if abused. Linguistic prejudice is prevalent in America if you are a non–native English
speaker. Many examples found in our readings relate to real world scenarios in our culture. In this
essay, I will discuss the benefits of different versions of a language, explain an example of linguistic
prejudice I have seen first–hand, as well as describe how the ability to code switch is a very useful
tool in rhetoric. If you are a native English speaker and grew up listening to nothing but English,
you may believe that you speak the purest form of the language. In other words, there is no other
outside language contaminating the version of English you learned as a child. For non–native
speakers trying
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Native Son Figurative Language
In Native Son by Richard Weight, Wright characterizes Bigger through his use of simile and
repetition to convey a fierce tone.
Firstly, Wright utilizes the figurative language technique simile to characterize Bigger as an unstable
character in order to create an uneasy mood. Wright writes "These were the rhythms of his life:
indifference and violence; periods of abstract brooding and periods of intense desire; moments of
silence and moments of anger–like water ebbing and flowing from the tug of a far–away, invisible
force" (Wright 31). Bigger is being depicted as a character who suffers from massive mood and
character changes, going from silence to hatred and rage. This is why Bigger can be seen as an
unstable character in the passage, because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wright repeats the word "violent" when he describes Bigger in the passage, therefore "violent" has
great significance when his comes to the characterization of Bigger. Bigger is characterized as
someone who is ruthless, vicious, and someone who has an unstable personality and emotions. The
reader gains a sense of uneasiness when reading due to the fact that Bigger has an uncontrollable
personality and could revert to violence at any time. When Wright repeats "violent" he puts
emphasis on that characteristic, it demonstrates that vicious actions are part of Bigger's character
and that his uncontrollable violence could show at any time. In addition, Wright creates an uneasy or
apprehensive mood because, the reader senses tension between Bigger and who ever he interacts
with due to Biggers ruthless nature, combined with his uncontrollable personality, Bigger could get
set off by another person and turn raged and revert to his violent actions as a result.
Wrights depiction of Bigger through his use of figurative language techniques, reveals Bigger as an
unstable and violent character, and to the reader Biggers character creates an uneasy

Sheltered Instruction For Native English Language Learners...
Sheltered Instruction is an approach to teach English language learners which integrates language
and content instruction. To develop grade–level content area knowledge, academic skills, and
increase English proficiency. Sheltered English Instruction has been used since the 1980's, and the
way the connection was made with English learners, was when students were considered "sheltered"
because they studied in classes separate from " the mainstream" and did not compete academically
with native English speakers. Today the majority of ELLs study among side to native English
speakers, and accommodate to the same curriculum and high–stakes tests. Teachers now see
sheltered instruction of a way of teaching English language and content in English.
The way sheltered instruction is being taught is by teachers is by using clear, direct, simple English
and a wide range of scaffolding strategies to communicate meaningful input in the content area to
students. Including learning activities that content new content with prior knowledge among
students, an example can be ELL students working with native English speakers in groups while
adapting to suit their English learning proficiency level. Sheltered Instruction can be found in
classes such as dual language programs, new comers program, transitional bilingual education,
developmental bilingual education and English as a second language (ESL). Sheltered Instruction
classes includes ELLs only or a class where both native English speakers

Language Acquisition : Native Vs. Environmental
Language Acquisition: Native vs. Environmental
Jevon Morgan
William Paterson University
Abstract
The story of Genie, the alias of a feral child, became an impelling topic of research for scientists,
psychologists, and linguists. With careful observation of the new–found human subject, Genie
became a significant channel to gain further knowledge of linguistic development. Genie and other
similar cases have triggered questions concerning a typical child's language acquisition
development. Is there a time limit that children should be exposed to a language or a window of
opportunity for children learning language acquisition? The purpose of this study is to thoroughly
examine comparisons gathered by researchers to determine whether learning language acquisition is
native or environmental. Researchers explore whether children are prone to learning language
acquisition as they develop or if learning language acquisition can be taught at any age of a child's
development. This allows us to construct a generalized idea and/or explanation.
Language Acquisition: Native vs. Environmental
To begin with, a child's development in correspondence to language acquisition is a commonly
explored topic amongst researchers and linguists. Language acquisition is defined as the process by
which humans acquire the capacity to identify and comprehend language, as well as to construct and
use words and sentences to communicate. Language acquisition is

Native Language And American Culture
I was born and raised in America, my native language is English, I love rock music and American
food; people often think I am white because of the way I look and act. However, my ethnicity is
Hispanic American. My parents were born and raised in El Salvador, I have only been there once
when I was younger and I remember it like it was yesterday. I was hit with a bit of culture shock
because there were things I was not used to. As a kid, my Spanish was not that great so being in a
country where everyone speaks perfect Spanish and little to no English was difficult. If we wanted
to ride the bus it would not come to a full stop instead you would have to hop on while someone
helped you up. People often walked around with huge guns for protection and every restaurant, even
the fast food places, had a doorman with a gun. I was only there for two weeks and the first few
days I showed a bit of ethnocentrism because I was not used to those kind of things. In America the
majority speak English, guns are usually illegal, and busses usually stop for you to get on so
experiencing all these new things all at once was a bit overwhelming. But, after getting used to it I
expressed cultural relativism and accepted it and even thought it was cool. In El Salvador being
American makes you the minority group, but in America it is the opposite. Some Americans create
these stereotypes about Hispanics saying that we are all lazy, are criminals, or only work blue–collar
jobs. I have had people

Students Native Language Analysis
a) How did the teachers acknowledge and support the students' native languages and cultures in
these classrooms? (Respond to two of your peers)
Some of the ways which teachers acknowledged the importance of children native language was by
providing a multicultural teaching approach to their class rooms. An example of this was the teacher
who sang a hello song both in English and Spanish. Students are encouraged to speak their native
language. We saw example of teaching referencing back to the students to help translate the word
pie. They support their languages and culture by acknowledge the similarities and differences in the
ways a word or phrase is said in their language versus the English language. Teachers with children
who speak another

Native Languages Are Becoming Extinct
As we move deeper through the 21st century native languages are becoming more extinct. An
endangered language is one that is likely to become extinct in the near future. Many languages are
going out of practice and being replaced by the others that are more used and dominant in their
particular region or nation, such as English in the U.S. or Spanish in Mexico. Unless the current
language trends that we are using now are reversed, the now endangered languages will most likely
to become extinct within the next century. Many of these languages are no longer being taught to
children or to the new speakers; it is certain that these languages will become extinct when the last
fluent speaker dies. Dozens of languages today have only one native speaker still living, and that
person 's death will mean the extinction of the language: meaning that no one will speak or know
the language at all.
To list a few examples, Yarawi is one of the most known endangered languages known to mankind.
This was most spoken during the 20th century but is now nearing extinction as natives switched to
Binandere. Yaghan this is one of the indigenous languages of the Yagan people of Tierro del Fuego,
Chile. This is considered as a language isolate although some linguists had attempted to relate it to
other dialects such as the Kawesgar and Chon. Wintu–Nomlaki is the language spoken by the Wintu
tribe in California. The language is comprised of two dialects including the Nomlaki, which is
spoken by the

Themes of Language and Racial Identity in Native Speaker,...
Chang–Rae Lee's Native Speaker expresses prominent themes of language and racial identity.
Chang–Rae Lee focuses on the struggles that Asian Americans have to face and endure in American
society. He illustrates and shows readers throughout the novel of what it really means to be native of
America; that true nativity of a person does not simply entail the fact that they are from a certain
place, but rather, the fluency of a language verifies one's defense of where they are native. What is
meant by possessing nativity of America would be one's citizenship and legality of the country.
Native Speaker suggests that if one looks different or has the slightest indication that one should
have an accent, they will be viewed not as a native of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If one does not look Caucasian and are believed to be seen as different or an alien, then it is more
difficult to claim that one is truly an American native. Chang–Rae Lee points out that if one does not
look like a typical white American, people use different criteria to judge whether or not one is truly
an American Native. That criterion is nativity of language. Since America was made upon
immigration, many people in this country consists of different cultural backgrounds and races. The
collective language of America buttresses the common ground among its native people. Therefore
nativity of language is a set criterion of determining a person's "native–ness" of a certain place.
Native Speaker gives the reader a perspective on the extent of what immigrants go through in order
to be accepted or claimed as a native of America through language and suppressing cultural identity.
Chang–Rae Lee demonstrates what Asian Americans experience in order to be deemed as a native
of America and to fit and have a place in American society. Chang–Rae Lee uses the themes of
language and identity throughout the novel as he impressively exemplifies the experiences that
Asian Americans undergo as an immigrant in the land of the free.
Throughout the novel he focuses on the notion of language and how being a native speaker provides
evidence for one to claim or be seen as a native of America. Chang–Rae Lee

English Is My Native Language
English is my native language. Southern English is my dialect. I traveled all over the world, many
times over and I have many observations on languages. I grew up in Northern California, son of
father from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and a mother from Graceville, Florida. Though English was
my natural language, but needless to say, I was surrounded by a large variety of dialects. I always
said yes sir, yes ma'am to any adult. If called by an adult, I was to answer with "Sir/Ma'am". I had a
very structured childhood. I woke up in the morning, had some morning chores to do. Then it was
school time. My elementary school was behind the houses that were across the street, so it was a
short walk to the school crossing, and to school. I was to be home at a certain time after school was
over. I always did well in school, so I was allowed some latitude about when I worked on my
homework, but my homework would be done. My parents even bought a huge Encyclopedia
Britannica set that just so happened to stay in my room. Athletics was a part of my life for as far
back as I can remember. I was always encouraged to participate in sports. I ... Show more content on
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It did not take long to realize that I was out of place. I did not mind so much that I did not
understand the culture, but what bothered me most was that I did not have any idea about the native
language. I was forced to rely on the locals that we were visiting to understand my language. Even
English–speaking countries such as Australia and Scotland required some translation. Of all the
countries (over thirty) had English speakers that were fluent in English, probably better that I was.
And as I observed my fellow countrymen in these lands, I realized how not only arrogant we were,
but how deficient out education system was. We all expected that other cultures learn and adapt to
our needs, which is a collective attitude in the United

Should Generation 1.5 Students Be Exposed To Their Parents...
he population of L2 writers have expanded and increased through out the years in the United States.
A number of students have been exposed to English before entering Kindergarten, however I believe
that a larger amount of students have only been exposed to their parents native language.
According to Ferris and Hedgcock (2014), "a child who is born in in the United States to immigrant
parents who does not begin learning English until entering kindergarten at age five considered
Generation 1.5, or simply second generation" (p. 36). Also, "Generation 1.5 students tend to be
circumstantial bilinguals and ear learners of the L2" (p. 37). However, students who are labeled as
Generation 1.5 do not accept the label. Students are more comfortable with the terminology
"multilingual" (p. 37). Having this in mind, students that are placed in Generation 1.5 should not be
generalized instead it's useful to know that students have different cultures and linguistic
backgrounds. All these implications are important to me because even though Generation 1.5
students are ready to learn English, they all face differences among each other: language, culture,
moral values, and language background. With this information, its important for me to "design
syllabi, plan lessons, construct assignments, and lead activities that capitalize on students' strengths
and overcome their weaknesses" (Ferris & Hedgcock 2014, p. 156). Its important for me to
remember that even though Generation 1.5 students are American, born in the United States, their
parents had little education if any in their native language ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
205) or the analytic scoring rubric in Figure 6.3 (p. 210–211), rate the sample essay from Appendix
7.4 (p. 276–277). Provide comments explaining your rating for each aspect, as you would in a
classroom setting. Notice and comment on how others in the class approached the task in a similar
or different manner and explore

Why English Should Be Spoken From A Native Language
Students growing up with a native language shape a different perspective in which they see the
world. I strongly agree that English should be spoken not just in homes but also in a environment
were globalization is happening.
One of the issues we face today is communication, especially If someone does not understand the
English language in the U.S.A!. Take Richard Rodriguez as an example to young boy's, he was
living a nightmare due to not having the confidence to speak English in public. He argues that
apprehending both languages in public leads to more confidence of identity and freedom, after all
this is a country made from freedom and speech. He turned that insecurity to develop something no
one can take away from him. He learned to be comfortable with who he is, while meeting new
expectations.
Kids who learned to speak a different language at first have a hard time talking the language they
should at school. That's why we should encourage this type of important action, especially to very
young students. Its an advantage to their social minds as children while they constantly reach
change. They may not fully understand the great concept of things but that's why we have the
education system. We know that for a greater better understanding in society and the economic of
our well being will depend on the literate population. If this issue was not important it would not
have been the law to teach English as first or second language. So I do
support

Native American International Language Analysis
Language creates spaces where linguistic features are associated with ideas that are attributed to its
speakers. The previous is best recognized as language ideologies. In "Western language ideologies
and small–language prospects," on page three, Nancy C. Dorian refers to language ideologies as a
vehicle through which certain languages are made unappealing by its mere association to
communities of low–prestige. For example, in my hometown, Castroville, Spanish is associated to
low–income farmworkers. And as a result, most of the Youth in Castroville stick to English. Despite
the fact that most of their parents are Spanish speaking farmworkers, the mindset of Castroville
teenagers seems to be formulated around embarrassment. Just like English is adopted in place of
low–prestige languages, the opposite also occurs. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On page 199 of "Illegitimate Speakers of English; Negotiation of Linguistic Identity among Korean
International Students," Joseph Sung–Yul Park (2016) conveys the understanding that U.S language
ideologies tend to present Asians (like other ethnic groups) as illegitimate English speakers.
Meaning, as a way of staying true to themselves and their origins, speakers sometimes decide to
steer away from English, and instead embrace their native language. Although i didn't abandoned
English I do try to practice my Spanish as much as possible. I do so to feel connected to my
Mexican roots. Come to think of it, forgetting my native tongue would not necessarily mean that I
am no longer Mexican. In brevity, deciding to embrace or abandon one's native language is often
ideologically

Native America's Endangered Language Summary
Why Endangered Native Languages Must be Saved "People without the knowledge of their past
history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots" Marcus Garvey once said. Ellen L. Lutz
article "Saving America's Endangered Languages", she begins to talk about how the Native
Americans language was stolen and needs to be brought back. She mainly focuses on the Navajo
language. Her article is very intriguing and grabs the reader's attention as it continues with facts and
evidence to back up how the Native American languages are being lost and stolen. However, she
also talks about how she is in this group called Culture Survival and is promoting it so we don't
forget about languages/cultures in the future. Lutz builds an argument to persuade the audience that
Native American languages must be saved because, "... the government set up a system of boarding
schools that punished Indians for speaking languages other than English..." (Lutz). Domination in
our government isn't a good thing at all. They may have passed the Native American Languages Act,
but the funding isn't there to keep everything up and running. The Act is a federal policy to protect
the Native American languages. The funding isn't there because the congress passed the Esther
Martinez Native American Languages Act to give $10 million dollars to the tribes ... Show more
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With reasoning she provides many logical reasons on ways for us to believe/join the movement on
saving endangered Native American languages. "Across the country, where Native American
children know their language, they are more likely to use their education and talents to enrich their
communities" (Lutz). The author utilizes inductive reasoning behind all of her reasoning methods
and is very effective to almost everyone who reads this article. With that being said she also
promotes her campaign to make all Native American languages in effective logic reasoning

Native Sign Language
For Hearing People Only was an extremely useful tool in assimilating and learning about the Dead
Community, as well as debunking myths and misconceptions that I had. Though I know American
Sign Language has variations in signs depending upon region, I did not fully understand the
differences, and how similar dialects in ASL are to dialects in spoke language. I assumed there were
dialect differences because the Signing Naturally videos often had different signs then what was
taught in class, but I could use context clues to establish the meaning. For example, the signs for
daughter and son were slightly different as "baby" part of the sign was shortened. However, it was
interesting to read how different it is for native signers. In chapter 14 a veteran firefighter explained
his many encounters on the job with uneducated and underprivileged signers who were hard to
understand (140). Reading that from the perspective of a native signer, I wonder how hard it would
be for a learn, like myself, to come across a native signer whose dialect drastically differed my own.
"Hearies" or "hearing" is a term I have heard before in shows, by my professor and at deaf events I
have attended. However, I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That idea changed when I learned in class and through these books that jobs that would be perfect
for deaf people, like teaching in their own community are often taken by hearing people. However, I
would still like to learn ASL and possibly become an interpreter one day. Still, this chapter was full
of great information but what stuck with me at the end was "more teachers and parents of deaf
children should know more about ASL" (272). I believe this to be very true, and hope that if I ever
met a family who has a deaf child I can help point them in the direction of the deaf community, so
that their child has their best opportunities presented to

The Language Of Native Country
Although many people take it for granted, being able to speak one or more languages is an ability to
be grateful for. We use language in our commutes, in our jobs, and at our homes. Some people are
able to speak only the language of their native country while some are able to speak multiple
languages from around the world. Most of the languages are interpreted and spoken by our senses.
However, there are some people in the world that are not able to speak the language for multiple
reasons. In most cases, the reason is because the person was born with a disorder that inhibits them
from either hearing or speaking. For example, a deaf child is not able to speak the language because
they are not able to hear any sounds. This results in them being force to learn a different kind of
language that is not universally known. However, all languages in the world serve the same purpose
in everybody's life, and that is to be able to communicate and socialize with each other. To be able to
speak a language takes time and patience. It is extremely important that a baby is exposed to new
languages as early as possible to ensure that they are able to speak any language, comprehend it, and
be able to write the language once they become older. The parents of a child are the first to teach
them. The parents are the ones that are given the responsibility to ensure that their child knows the
basic behaviors and manners that a child is supposed to learn. For example, saying "thank you"
when given

French As A Native Language
French As A Native Language: An analysis and examination of areas in Western Europe
Language has consistently been a fundamental tool and method in order to communicate with
diverse individuals, who associate themselves and belong to various civilizations of the world.
Every human being born in this world grows up learning a native language. A native language is
learned from one's parents in one's home, and an individual can have more than one native language
if they were brought up speaking different languages at the same time. Native languages cannot be
gained later in life, and a language is only native if one grew up speaking it. The 'continent' of
Europe is a conventional way of thinking of the world. Europe is a grand landmass that ... Show
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Europe accounts for 39.87% of the French–speaking population [...] In Europe (excluding France),
the largest populations of French speakers are essentially to be found in Belgium (45% of the
population), Switzerland (20% of the population) and Luxembourg. French is Europe's second most
widely spoken mother tongue with over 77 million speakers". The French language can be seen
spoken in different environments. It is spoken in homes, schools, the government, such as in the
United Nations and most distinctively in the European Union. In Western Europe a large majority of
the population learns more than one language growing up due to the close proximity to other
'countries' who's official language may be different. There are five distinct regions in Western
Europe where the French language is the population's native language: the French Republic,
Wallonia, the Principality of Monaco, the Swiss Federation, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The
French Republic is characterized as a unitary state and a semi–presidential system enabled by the
French Fifth Republic. The French Fifth Republic was established in 1958 as the aftermath of the
French Fourth Republic, which preceded the governmental system and Republican Constitution set
into place. The current President of the French Republic is François Holland with Prime Minister
Manuel Valls. In this governmental system elections are held democratically. The citizen elects the
President, who then appoints the

Native Language And The Japanese Language
Belonging to the Japonic language family, the Japanese language exclusively belongs to the
Japanese people. Unlike languages such as English and Spanish, where their languages have been
adopted by other countries such as New Zealand and Mexico and therefore isn't just spoken in their
home countries of England and Spain. Japanese is a unique and distinct Asian language used only in
Japan. Japanese language is also a prime example for discourse analysis because it is a refined and
complex language. Discourse analysis studies the overall larger aspect of language and how the
language flows and connects. In some aspects of discourse analysis, it studies how the language is
understood and how the meaning of sentences is affected. "Keigo" (敬語) ... Show more content on
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The stronger speaker uses the plain for whilst the lesser speaker use formal speech in return. This
type of speech is commonly observed when the speaker and the recipient are not known to each
other whilst informal speech is used between friends and family to express solidarity. Wakimae and
Uchi–soto are a fundamental part of Japanese language and expresses not only the language but
Japanese culture as a whole. Wakimae, which is roughly translated to English as "discernment", and
is orientated with a persons need for acknowledgement as well as how one should act and behave in
society. Uchi–soto (inside and outside) encompass a vital part of Japanese language and society. In–
groups and out–groups in reference to Uchi–soto revolves around dividing people into the two
groups. When conversing with someone from an out–group, the out–group must be honoured and in
contrast, the in–group must be humbled. In reference to honorifics mentioned earlier in this essay,
Uchi–soto conversations are achieved by conjugating verbs to make them more polite. Examples of
uchi–soto may be seen in restaurants, exchange of gifts or meeting someone of high esteem. To
understand Wakimae and Uchi–soto from a foreign point of view, one must understand that in
western culture, individualism is emphasized whilst in Asian cultures, the needs of the group are
more important than the individual and therefore emphasized more (Moore, 2002). So in reference

How Native Language Influences Perception Of The World
Throughout the history of the human race a multitude of different cultures have emerged all
throughout the world. With these cultures has come the development of thousands of different
languages, each encompassing unique characteristics, stories, ideals, and beliefs embodied by these
cultures. As the world continues to be in constant change and growth, globalization has caused
many of these languages to become extinct. Linguistic anthropologists are working hard to prevent
this from happening any further and are also attempting to revive lost native languages, a very
important process to these native cultures as well as all of humanity. Native language provides a
sense of identity to the people of the culture from which it originates and also a linguistic diversity
to our world. The Sapir–Whorf hypothesis proves just how much language influences perception of
the world and reflects the beliefs held by individuals associated with the language.
Since every language is so unique, reviving a lost native language is culturally significant in many
ways. Language is a large part of culture and with the diminishing of a language also comes the
demise of the culture tied to that language. In reviving a lost language we are also reviving that
culture as well, bringing back new ideas, thoughts, and stories that may have been lost along with
the loss of the language. In the text, Cultural Anthropology, it explains, "different languages express
different thoughts and cultural content,

Tom Munnecke's Speech About The Native Language
How does our native language affect we think about the world and our place in it? How is speaking
more than one language difficult? Tom Munnecke's purpose was talking about how learning many
languages frustrated him, and how each language frustrated him. Each of these languages he saw as
"shells," and he goes on to talk about each language and its limitations and/or opportunities. The
audience for Nothing is Missing are people who are interested in learning one, or more than one,
different language. This article could also apply to people who are already bilingual, or already
know multiple languages. Munecke would like people who are interested in learning more than one
language to know how the first language we speak affects the way we ... Show more content on
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Munnecke states his credentials because his essay was used in Nothing is Missing. Munnecke
wanted to build his own credibility, so the targeted audience– people who speak multiple languages,
people who have an interest in learning a new language, or people who overall like language–would
trust what he had to say. "Tom Munnecke is one of the world's leading experts in health information
technology... Although he has lived in Southern California most of his life, he has traveled to over
70 countries" (423, Munnecke). Since Nothing is Missing is about language, knowing he has
traveled to over 70 countries makes him credible in this article. Munnecke uses allusion as well.
Brought up later in Nothing is Missing is some Japanese art. The first Japanese piece brought up
was Hokusai's painting titled "The Wave." Looking at Hokusai's painting was when Munnecke
finally started to get the flow of Japanese art, which was something he was really struggling with
while visiting Japan. One of the quotes he used to describe this experience were "seeing the world
from outside in" (425, Munnecke). The use of allusion backs up his point on how different each
language is from one another. Munnecke also uses the rhetoric choice of metaphors. An example of
a metaphor he used was "blacks and whites as shades of gray" (425, Munnecke). He uses this
metaphor to

Native American Sign Language Essay
Native American Sign Language Very basic, elementary and logical characteristics made the Native
American Sign Language the world's most easily learned language. It was America's first and only
universal language. The necessity for intercommunication between Indian tribes having different
vocal speech developed gesture speech or sign language (Clark; pg. 11). Although there is no record
or era dating the use of sign language, American Indian people have communicated with Indian Sign
Language for thousands of years. The signs illustrated ideas and the language conveyed a message.
Many of the simplistic nonverbal gestures that were used by the Indian tribes across the United
States are still in use around the world today. Most of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many Indians with college and university training can speak better English than they can sign talk.
Native American Sign Language was the first universal language produced by people. Every record
of the landing of Columbus on North American soil, tells of how he and his group communicated
with the Indians using sign language. The same is also true of other explorers that came to this
country. Lewis and Clark communicated successfully with the tribes of the west during their
exploration efforts. In the 17th century, the language of sign was so well understood throughout the
western part of the country that there was little difficulty in conversations being carried on between
tribes, traders, and mountain men. They could easily communicate with one another, even though
neither understood a word of the other's dialect at that time.
Basic Native American sign language is easy to learn; it is much easier to learn Indian signing than
it is to learn a spoken language. The combination of meaning and movement in signing, allows you
to learn the meaning of a gesture, while you visualize the movement. One important factor to
remember is that eighty–five percent of the Native American Sign Language was done with the right
hand; this system kept the communication process very simple
Some very simple signs are easily commanded
EARTH – Point with right index finger to the ground.
FATHER – Tap right breast with tips of fingers 2 or 3 times.
FRIEND –

Bilingual Education and Native Language Maintenance
According to Ethnologue (Grimes, 1996) cited in Purwo, K. (2000), there are 6703 languages in the
world. The distribution of those languages is in sequence Asia 2,165 or 32%, Africa 2,011 or 30%,
the pacific 1,302 19%, The Americas 1,000 or 15% and Europe 225 or 3% . Asia becomes the
continent with the most living languages in the world. Those languages are distributed in each
country, and particularly, Indonesia is the second most living languages in the world, after Papua
Nugini. Indonesia according to Grimes (1992) cited in Purwo, k. (2000) is reported to have 706
languages while Papua newgunie has 867 languages. Mostly, the 700s languages in Indonesia is in
the eastern Indonesia in which Silzer and Heikkinen (1991) in Purwo, K. (2000) reports that 240 of
the languages are in Irian Jaya. A number of the languages in the world are in danger if there is no
effort to maintain the language. UNESCO reported that 10 languages are dead every year . Purwo
further explains that in Australia in 18 centuries, there were 250 languages and today, there are only
20 languages left. A language can exist if the speakers of the language are more than 100,000
people. If we consider this condition, in Indonesia, there are 109 languages, not Java, which have
less than 100,000 speakers. Those languages spread in Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Sumatra,
Kalimantan, Maluku, and NTT. In Lampung, according to Gunawan (1994) cited in Purwo, K.
(2000) there are 1,500,000 speakers of Lampung language,

The Academic Achievement Gaps Between Ell Students And...
According to (),"English language learners face many obstacles when reading literature in English.
Most literature is culture bound. We expect students to have prior knowledge of literary genres such
as fairy tales, myths, legends, and tall tales. If the teacher has not activated prior knowledge or built
background information, knowing the vocabulary will not solve the problem. ELLs may be able to
read the words but it doesn 't mean they will understand the text. They are not aware of information
that the author left unsaid; the information that "everyone knows."
The school system do not take in consideration that ELL students not only have a language barrier
that prevent them from performing on the standardized tests, but that they are transitioning from a
completely different learning environment. ELL students are also classified as poor academic
performers because of their language barrier. This language barrier explain the academic
achievement gaps between ELL students and native english–speaking students. The test scores are
not sufficient proof to argue that ELL students have a gap in academic achievement. This is
questionable to the validity of the standardized tests on ELL students.(Youth)
Educators care more about if the student is learning English than academic training as a whole. This
prevents ELL students from getting access to challenging academic materials or/and to academic
preparation necessary for higher education. Ell students are enrolled into other

Speaking About Speaking Native Language
Speaking Native Language in Public. It is a world known fact that there are millions of people living
on our planet, speaking hundreds of different languages. However, all citizens of a country should
be familiar with the official language. Issues arise when people migrate from one country to another.
Obviously, migrants may have their own language and that is absolutely normal that they would
speak it with their relatives and friends. Some may consider that behavior as rude and anti–patriotic.
Is that really so? My first language is not English and I think that people should be respectful toward
others tradition and culture, because some people think that it is disrespectful to speak another
language other than the official language and in some of the cases it is true. While on the street or
any other public places you may hear another language that you may not know. That is absolutely a
normal situation. For example, we may take the article "Why and When We Speak Spanish in
Public" by Myriam Marquez. She says that she is an immigrant and her native language is Spanish.
When she is with her parents she always speaks Spanish, no matter where they are. With that she
shows respect for her family, her parents history and origin. In her shoes, I would do the same. No
matter where I am I would talk with my parents in their native language. My parents are the closest
people to me and I will follow all of our family traditions, no matter if it is the language or the

Native Indian And Indian Language
Native Indian is the pioneer of immigrations in America, and they created the earliest culture and
languages on this land, and these heritages have influences for American deeply. In the 1880s,
American government forced Native Indians to use English and abolished Indian languages, but
native Indians remains some characteristics when they are using English, and linguists called it as
American Indian English (AIE). Indian English has extensive influence from the speaker's native
language traditions. On the other hand, after European American came to this land, they did not
have terms to describe many natural things in English. However, Native Americans have these in
Indian languages. Therefore, some words we used came from Indian languages. For example, some
vocabularies for indigenous plants (e.g., milkweed, pawpaw), animals (e.g., Otter) and pace (e.g.,
Mississippi). Thus, American Indian English plays a significant role in English variety. However,
there are few studies specifically discussed Indian English and people have less perception of it. I
think this topic is especially important in Arizona because there is a Native American reservation in
Arizona. As a result, there are more American Indian English speech communities around us. After
read many studies, there are many methods for gathering data for Indian English analysis, such as
informal observation, small group discussions, personal interviews, documentary analysis, and the
participants are from different

Native Traditions, Languages, And Customs From Their...
Alaska Native inherited traditions, languages, and customs from their ancestors. There are twenty
languages indigenous to the State of Alaska. There has been important federal laws passed as well as
important organizations created to fight for the Alaska Native people rights. A question that arises is
whether the Alaska Natives are acculturated or assimilated? Acculturation is different in subtle ways
from assimilation: acculturation is the process of learning and adapting to a new culture and
assimilation is being absorbed into the new culture. Alaska Native peoples are acculturated with the
power of education and they are also assimilated with the post–colonial history that they have
undergone. Many factors lead to the development of identity, most Alaska Native develop awareness
of themselves as being acculturated or assimilated based on their relation in time with education and
with history.
Understanding the distinction between acculturation and assimilation is important for society's
ability to grow in knowledge. Both acculturation and assimilation was manifested in the reading In
the Past's Familiar Tongue by John E. Smelcer (2000: 321) who was part of Cherokee and Ahtna
Athabaskan Indian ancestry. Assimilation can be similar to Smelcer's (2000: 323) character, his
father Charlie Smelcer, who was punished if he was caught speaking non–English, which cause
many of his generation to forget about their Native language. The government boarding schools
wanted the Alaska

Native American Language Analysis
The sign outside Geno's Steaks in Philadelphia that read, "This is AMERICA: WHEN ORDERING
'PLEASE SPEAK ENGLISH'" in relation to what I learned from the video by "The Linguists" is a
large part of why there are endangered languages. Native speakers being told by people of non–
native origins that their language is insufficient for communication causes them to question the use
of their language themselves. This is often reinforced by governing agencies, workplaces, and
educational institutes. I am Welsh, Tlingit, and both Southern and Northern Tutchone. The three
Native American languages I should be able to speak fluently are all related through the Athabascan
language group. I have at times felt the same way as Joey Vento, the original owner

Why Is It Important For All People Learn About Language...
I believe that it is important for all people to learn another language other than their native language.
I come from a family with great pride of heritage my father's family begin German and mother's
family begin Russian I learned multiple languages growing up. Since having this background I
wanted to learn more languages and know I can speak eight languages English, German, Russian,
Arabic, Spanish, Finnish, Ukrainian and French. I know learning a language is a long a stressful
process, but it will help you in the long run in any field of study.
Learning all this has helped me throughout my life. An example of this is when I was at the
Bayshore mall with some of my friends, and a woman who was wearing a Hijab was asking us
where something was, but we really couldn't understand her so I started talking to her in Arabic to
help her out. Learning languages doesn't just help with communication, but it also helps people see
life from a different perspective and helps with understanding a culture. Most people feel that they
don't need to learn a language because we're American and we speak English, but we are a land of
mixed cultures who needs to realize that this would make us a more intellectual country with a lot
more understanding. The field of study you enter in to will more then likely to work at an
international scale or you'll work with someone with is a different nationality.
Another reason for learning a language is for when someone travels the world, but doesn't

Native American Languages Research Paper
Approximately 7,000 languages exist in the world today. Scientistsestimate that by the year 2100,
only 200 languages will remain. Languagescan go extinct for a variety of reasons. In the modern
world, lesser knownlanguages are often overtaken by more dominant languages. Other languagesare
spoken by such few people, they simply go extinct once the remainingindividuals are no longer
living. Languages can only survive if peopledocument them and continue to speak them. In a world
where 85 of the global population speak one or more of only100 languages, it is often surprising to
learn that thousands of languagesexist in the world. Many of these languages are found in
indigenouspopulations. Approximately, 400 Native American languages existed beforethe

The Wild Childhood: Learning The Native Language
Learning The Native Language
Most of the child language acquisition theories all have the same general idea, that language is
acquired through repetition and imitation.
The behaviourist approach states 'that children learn to speak by imitating the language structures
they hear'. Covering both aspects of the statement at the beginning which is 'hearing English and
trying to speak it yourself are the only tools'.
The interactive approach states 'recent studies have shown the importance of interaction' which
again is the tools of listening and speaking in order to acquire the language.
All of these approaches support the statement at hand. However some approaches disagree with it
all ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He claims that if no language is learned before then, it can never be learned in a normal and fully
functional sense. This is known as the "Critical Period Hypothesis".
An interesting example of this is the case of Genie, otherwise known as "The Wild Child". A
thirteen–year–old victim of lifelong child abuse, Genie was discovered in her home on November
4th, 1970, strapped to a potty chair and wearing diapers. She appeared to be entirely without
language. Her father had judged her retarded at birth and had chosen to isolate her, and so she had
remained up until her discovery. It was an ideal opportunity to test the theory that a nurturing
environment could somehow make up for a total lack of language past the age of 12. Sadly, she was
unable to acquire language completely. Due to this and other complications, she eventually ended up
in an adult foster care home.
Once the child has began its basics of language acquisition it then requires a sufficient and constant
input from other more advanced language users (Adults) in order to grasp and work out the
regularities of that language.
There are also Pre–language stages. These pre–linguistic sounds which are made in the early stages
in the Childs language acquisition are simply called 'cooing' and 'babbling'. By roughly 4 to 6
months of age babies start to make many more

Language Loss: Native American Languages Essay
If one walks through one of the large cities' streets in our country. They will hear and experience a
variety of languages. Our history and tradition of being a land of immigrants is reflected in the
languages we speak. This means that the USA is home to a vast number of languages, one would be
hard pressed to find a language that is not spoken in the U.S. The official list as the number of
languages spoken in the United States go as high as 322. The most spoken and prominent languages
in the country being English, Spanish, and French. English has the highest number of speakers with
215 million. Spanish is the second most spoken language with 28 million speaker. The French
language is the third most spoken language with a million and a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
But the case of the Kalispel language is not even the most extreme example.
The Native American people, which lived in what it is now the state of Oregon, spoke the language
of Siletz Dee–ni. While the language once thrived in that part of the country, now there may be only
one fluent speaker. A man by the name of Alfred Lane could be the last remaining speaker of Siletz
Dee–ni (Moskowitz). This is the most extreme case of an endangered language with the life of the
language hinging on the life of its last speaker.
In this way, the Native American languages can be compared to an endangered species. As with
endangered species unless something is done, the species in question is unlikely to remain on the
planet. These endangered languages are the same way, with such a few number of speakers unless
something is done, the language will disappear from the earth. This is a situation that Native
Americans face today.
In all cases, language is a part of their culture, something that binds the speakers of that language
together. Speaking the same language identifies one Native American group with another. The
language itself is passed from generation to generation along with that tribe's history, myths, and
ways. Language encompasses all parts of our lives, from our everyday conversations to our own
religious beliefs. The same goes for Native Americans, they learn their language through these
everyday conversations

Native Language Essay
Language is universal. People voice their ideas, emotions, and thoughts across to the world through
language. Multitudes of people across the country speak a varierty of languages. However, a
foreigner is reduced to their native language, and sometimes has difficulties mainstreaming English
into their dialect. A native language is a foreigner's blueprint for the world to hear. Native language
gives homage to a foreigner's culture and home life. Native tongues open doors for education and
job opprutunities. A native tongue is translated in books and plastered on signs across the
communites. Imagine if language decreased to just English, and no another language existed. People
would mirror each other, and have no idea of diversity. So where ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Foreigners find comfort when using their native language at home. Also, people belittle a foreigner's
native language. Mujica reports a known politician in favor of adopting English as the official
language for the United States, and she felt the train of thought was dense (217). Foreigners are
singled out, for not comprehending English. Rodriguez recalls a gringo [American or English
person] rudely asking "What can I do for you?", Rodriguez sensed he could not adapt to the gringos
society, but stay safely tucked away in his Spanish society (213). Also, people make a foreigner's
native language feel too formal. Rodriguez describes the nun who introduced him to his first
classroom in his new academic career, and how her voice echoed with a dullness, while she sounded
each syllable of his Hispanic last name (212). Equally important, people insinuate English to
foreigners. Youngquist and Martínez–Griego observed that many of the families at a local learning
center spoke Spanish, and limited English, and tried to teach English to their children. Instead of
helping their children learn English, it interrupted the learning development for both languages (92).
Peopl humble a foriegner's language. In addition, language barriers challenge a foreigner's public
life. Foreigners survive in the public limelight with only their native tongue to guide them. They are
forced to survive through broken English. For instance, Rodriguez

Why Does It Matter For Us To Speak Or Pronounce Your...
Tell me, honestly, does everyone here is really, really, really fluent in their own native language. Be
it English or French or any other language for that matter. What I meant with native was that, does
anybody here can speak without any mistakes? No one. I bet that 100% of the people in the entire
world cannot speak fluently in their own mother tongue. Why, just why this situation, no
phenomenon happened? Or specifically, here in my speech, why does it matter for us to speak or
pronounce the word correctly? Well, let me tell you the answers to those "whys". Pronouncing the
word does matter in our everyday life. And there are the two main reasons why it does matter.
Firstly, it will avoid you to be misunderstood by other people. In other word, you want to avoid
being seen as a thoughtless, stupid or non–intellectual person. I know that many of you will not
agree with me on this one. But ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, having a good pronunciation skills can improve your overall linguistic skills. Because
you practised your speech every day, listening to podcasts by native speakers, you proved yourself
that you are fluent or worthy in that particular language.
In conclusion, having a good pronunciation is very important in communication. By understanding
the significance of pronunciation, you will be able to get your message across to the person that you
speaking with. And who knows, it will open doors to many bright futures like job opportunities and
maybe new relationship with new people. As the famous South African politician, Nelson Mandela,
once said, "❝If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to
him in his own language, that goes to his heart.❞ Thank you very

Native Language : Spanish And Second Language
0. Introduction My native language is Spanish and second language is English. The language I was
first taught was Spanish, my parents and relatives all speak Spanish so it is my native language.
When I started school at the age of 4 my teachers and classmates spoke only English. As the years
passed by they started teaching me grammar rules and how to pronounce words. My parents spoke
Spanish to me, but it was nothing compared to learning new nursery rhymes that helped me grasp
the language without too much difficulty. I can communicate with people in Spanish but I feel like I
have an accent with my Spanish. It does not come as naturally as my English does, I can say a
sentence without thinking about it while Spanish I have to think of the meaning of words and I
stutter when trying to say a complete sentence. At home I speak Spanish but when I am with friends,
cousins, or out in public I only speak English.
1. Acquisition I find it more difficult when I am trying to tell a story in Spanish. Most of the time
there is a word that I know in English but when I am trying to translate it to Spanish the word
doesn't come out as naturally. I have to think about the word in English and synonyms to come up
with the word in Spanish that is relatively close. One major difficulty I would make when first
learning to write in English was spelling words. In Spanish there are only the vowels AEIOU, so
spelling is easier because it is more phonetic than English. There is a smaller phonetic

Native Language And Cultural Practices Of Multicultural...
Asset pedagogies seek to sustain and use the native language and cultural practices of multicultural
students to assist these students in learning the language and literacy skills that are taught in the
American classroom (Paris & Alim, 2014). What this means to me is that, we do not attempt to
rewrite the native culture of these students, but instead, we use their native culture to enhance their
learning of the American language and standards. According to McCarty and Lee (2014), we must
not only sustain these cultures, but also revitalize them through our pedagogy. Their research
focuses on Native Americans and the struggles they have in maintain their culture and language in
the current education system where they are not afford educational sovereignty.
The most relevant asset pedagogies that I came across in my research are those that go beyond the
liabilities of best practices and exercises the more realistic expectations of wise practices in the
classroom (Davis, 1997). These wise practices take into account the practice application of
education for each student in the classroom. I think that in the context of the multicultural assets in
our classrooms, this means that we cannot expect these students to leave behind their culture to
become more like the white norm. This white norm brings us to creating the category "other", which
is where all students who are not the white norm are placed for education purposes. Kimashiro
(2000), conducted research on ways to

Native Language And Indigenous Language
Language is one of many components that identify a group of people to their culture. Unfortunately,
there are quite a few obstacles that challenge indigenous people learning their native language. The
loss of a language distances groups farther from their native roots, which is exactly opposite of the
efforts being made in Canada. Learning and practicing an indigenous language fulfills one's role as
an engaged citizen and allows for engagement within a culture. The McGill Tribune published Jenny
Shen's article discussing these common issues regarding revitalizing indigenous languages in
Canada. Shen interviews Chelsea Vowel, a woman of Métis descent, who has committed herself to
indigenous language education. Vowel states, "The language is what holds our culture together like
glue. There is no separation in my mind." She also points out that it has become harder for people of
indigenous descent to learn their language for a number of reasons. Problems that arise consist of
not being completely engaged in the native language, deciphering between dialects, and funding
issues. The loss of indigenous languages in Canada is a contemporary issue of great concern
because many indigenous and nonindigenous people realize the extent of culture loss once a
language has dissipated. Shen also gathered information from Anna Daigneult, the Latin America
project coordinator and development officer at Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages.
This institute is an organization

The Nativist Perspective Of Native Language
A native speaker of a particular language is someone who learnt that language from birth. A native
speaker does not consciously think about their knowledge of what they are saying, this has a lot to
do with the society and the environment the speaker grows up in.
Linguists have debated for a long time on how and why we are able to learn language. Noam
Chomsky developed what is called the nativist perspective.
According to his theory, every human being is biologically endowed with a language faculty, which
is responsible for the initial state of language development. This inborn ability is called the
Language acquisition device (LAD). The language acquisition device is a hypothetical area of the
brain that explains how children can learn languages

React Native And Native Language
In the world of mobile app development, we're always looking for shorter development cycles,
quicker time to deployment, and better app performance. With two operating systems and
dominating the landscape, businesses creating mobile apps often face a compromise: apps that
provide a better user experience or apps that are faster to develop and run on more platforms and
devices? But the question always arises whether it is beneficial to develop an application using react
native or native language. Before coming to any conclusion one first needs to understand what
makes the two different from each other. A native application is an executable program coded in the
machine language of the hardware platform it is running in. A native application ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Live reload builds on the React ideas and allows you to create powerful mobile applications. The
Strong performance for mobile environment in the React Native architecture is very well tuned to
mobile devices. It makes use of the GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), while native platforms are
more 'CPU (Central Processing Unit) intensive'. Compared to hybrid technologies – which were the
only option for cross–platform in the past – React Native is superfast .The same advantage that was
already mentioned for using React can be highlighted here: the modular and intuitive interface
makes it very easy for other developers to delve into someone else's project and build upon it. This
increases the flexibility within a development team, and makes it easier to create updates and
upgrades to web applications. Now let's have a look at the Cons of Native Apps? Native apps have
additional costs that aren't always considered. In order for an app store to facilitate a sale, there will
be a commission fee charged per sale on every download. The cost of maintain native app tends to
be higher. Apps need to be updated in order to work with operating system and hardware updates.
The cost of doing this can be considerable, especially for native apps that work on multiple
platforms. The integrating content into native apps is also time consuming and there is no guarantee
than an app will become popular. Native apps must take a gamble on their popularity. Testing and
polls can determine market

English As A Native Language
Being a first generation child is a problem when it comes to learning languages. Immigrants teach
their children their native language to keep them in touch with their heritage and culture. Most
immigrants get confused which language to teach their children first English or their Native
language. Learning a native language first and then English would be better for first generation
because living in a spoken English community would not help to practice native language and speak
it fluently. Learning native language is a common problem among new immigrants. New
immigrants try to get melted into their new communities and maintain their own culture at the same
time. They try to speak in native language to their children most of the time at home to help them
speak it fluently. "Immigrants whose children were born in the native country reported the strongest
desire for their children to learn and maintain the native language compared to those whose children
were born either in the United States or in another country"( Mucherah 196). If first generation
children do not practice their native language at home, they will start losing vocabularies, and
having a heavy accent and difficulty to understand the language. Children will find it easier to speak
English than their native language because they practice English all the time with friends, at school,
watching TV and doing homework. English will become their native language and their parents'
native language will disappear with

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