environmental science topic

1. LAND POLLUTION

2. Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students can:
1. Define what is land pollution
2. Determine the causes of land pollution
3. Find ways how to mitigate land pollution
4. Compose a song/poem related to land pollution solution

3. WHAT IS LAND POLLUTION ? ? ?
• Land pollution is the deterioration (destruction) of the earth's
land surfaces, often directly or indirectly as a result of man's
activities and their misuse of land resources.

4. Land Pollutants
1. Organic waste from municipal and industrial waste
2. Pesticides , such DDT
3. Inorganic pollutant like mercury, lead and cadmium
4. Household garbage and waste
Land pollution is mainly due to the improper disposal of
considerable amounts or volume of solid waste on the
surface.

9. CAUSES OF LANDPOLLUTION
• Include a lot of human actions, like deforestation,
overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers,
desertification, mining inefficient and / or inadequate
waste treatment, landfill, litter, etc.

10. DISPOSAL OF WASTE
1. Open dumping – the most common
And simplest method of disposing
Garbage Is to deposit it into an open
pit area. Solid Waste is usually
compacted and then transported
and dumped in selected sites or
locations.

11. 2. RIVER AND OCEAN DUMPING
The practice of dumping solid
waste in rivers and seas is being
done by the people near the river
banks and seashores

12. 3. Sanitary landfill
This method of disposing
solid wastes is filling of
depressed land surface
with thin compacted waste
and followed by
application of compacted
soil over it. This procedure
eliminates the unfavorable
and distinguishing site of
mountains of trash which
serves as breeding place
of disease –carrying
insects and unpleasant
odor emitted.

13. 4. Incineration
Incineration is the burning of
the combustible materials in a
properly designed incinerator
in order to reduce solid
wastes to wastes to a
minimum residue of ash.
The government’s Clean Air Act
bans the use of incinerator in the
Philippines with limited
exceptions.

14. 5. Composting is a
process of biochemical
degradation of solid
organic waste materials
and producing sanitary,
nuisance-free, humus-like
material.

15. MISUSE OF LAND
Mainly refers to cutting
trees to clear land for
agriculture, as well as
processes like
desertification and land
conversion.
Desertification is when effects
of human development or
other actions convert a piece
of fertile land into desert-land
or dry-land.

16. SOIL POLLUTION
• When the top-most 'soil' layer of land is destroyed or polluted.
Soil pollution is again another cause of land pollution that
affects not only the land, but also a lot of other things such as
forest cover of a region, productivity of land in terms of
agriculture, grazing etc. Soil pollution is also caused by wrong
agricultural practices, such as overuse of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides.

17. LAND CONVERSION
• When a piece of land is converted from its indigenous form to a
form used for either agriculture or infrastructure. Land
conversion is especially a growing problem that we possibly do
not have a good solution for. Using a piece of land to its
maximum potential is the key to eliminate many of the causes of
land pollution, such as this one.

18. OTHER …
key causes of land pollution include -
urbanization, improper Waste disposal,
industrial activities, nuclear research,
chemicals released by all sorts of heavy
industries, coalfired Power plants, metals
production industries, etc.

19. EFFECTS OF LAND POLLUTION
EFFECTS ON CLIMATE
Land pollutions leads to loss in the forest cover of Earth. This is
in turn going to affect the amount of rain. Less rain mean lesser
vegetation. The effect of all different kinds of pollution will
eventually lead to problems like acid rains, greenhouse effect,
global warming.

20. EXTINCTION OF SPECIES
• Species are pushed towards endangerment and extinction
primarily by two processes. Habitat fragmentation is the
fragmentation of the natural habitat of an organism; cause
primarily by urban sprawl. Habitat destruction, on the other
hand, is when land clearing adversely affects animals special
such that their natural habitat is lost. Both the actions can cause
some species to go extinct and others to become invasive.

21. BIO MAGNIFICATION
• Process in which certain non-biodegradable substances go on
accumulating in the food-chain. The most common example is
of methyl mercury in fish and mercury in eagles. Not only does
bio magnification put the particular species at risk, it puts all the
species above and below it at risk, and ultimately affects the
food pyramid.

22. EFFECTS ON BIODIVERSITY
• Species extinction and bio magnification is going to overthrow the
balance of nature very significantly. The main reason for this is
disturbance created in the food chain. To give you a very simple
example – on account of bio magnification of mercury in eagles,
they might go extinct in the subsequent years. However, we know
eagles prey on snakes. Less (or no) eagles will then result in more
number of snakes!

23. PREVENTION OF LAND POLLUTION
PERSONAL LEVEL
• As you may have realized, land pollution is indeed going to
affect a lot more things than we thought it will. Hence, I
leave you with some corrective measure you can take on a
personal level to reduce land pollution. Encourage
organic farming - buy organic food. Proper garbage
disposal - separate your garbage before you give it to
the garbage collector; and strictly say NO to plastic.
Encourage recycling - buy recycled products,
notebooks, paper, etc. Restrict use of herbicides and
pesticides - they are not only used in farm, but in your
own backyard as well.

24. DISPOSAL OF WASTES
• Proper waste management is the most important thing to do for
the prevention of land pollution. Several steps should be taken
to ensure that the waste gets disposed in the most harmless
way, i.e. produces less or no toxins.

25. DISPOSAL OF WASTES
• One of the ways of doing this is by separating dry and wet
waste. Dry waste should be recycled or it can be burned. On the
other hand, wet waste should be decomposed.

26. DISPOSAL OF WASTES
• This decomposed waste should be further dumped in pits so
that it can be converted into compost and used for agriculture.
When disposing of waste, the authorities should treat it with
various kinds of chemicals, so that it has a very low level of
toxicity.

27. RECYCLING AND REUSE
People should buy and use products that have been recycled. For instance,
plastic bags should be given up; instead, jute bags should be used. Reusing old
items is another good way to reduce the stress on various resources. Clothes,
paper, glass, everything should be recycled and reused, as far as possible.

28. BIODEGRADABLE PRODUCTS
• People should buy biodegradable products. Go organic that's
the mantra for avoiding land pollution. Organic farming,
lessening the use of pesticides, buying organic fruits and
vegetables and other products, will keep land pollution in check.

29. GROW MORE TREES
• Initiative should be taken to grow more trees. Researches show
that trees can actually fertilize the soil. This means that by
growing trees, soil will become fertile, agriculture will get
boosted and land pollution will greatly reduce
.

30. EFFICIENT USE OF RESOURCES
• There should be minimal wastage. There should be no littering.
Oil and petrol should be used judiciously. So should all the
other products and resources made from glass, plastic, metal
and paper.

31. SOME MORE … …
• Both individuals and authorities have to make positive
changes in the way they conduct things. Spreading
awareness, amongst the common people, to use
organic, biodegradable products and to efficiently use
resources, should be taken up seriously by the
government. The industries too should follow proper
procedures of industrial waste disposal. In addition to
this, trees should be saved and more plants should be
grown. All these initiatives are mandatory for any
project on the prevention of land pollution, to be
successful.

32. Group Performance
• Form a group of 7 members
• Create your group chat
• Compose a song/ poem
• Each of the member should have a contribution on the activity
• you have 20 minutes to compose and 10 minutes to practice
• Be back in the google meet to perform

33. Rubrics

34. CITATIONS
• http://www.buzzle.com/articles/causes-and-effects-of-
landpollution.Html
• http://www.buzzle.com/articles/pr evention-of-land-
pollution.html
• http://www.all-recyclingfacts. com/cause-of-landpollution.html
• Environmental Science Text-workbook