A presentation on "Land pollution"
Here you will gather knowledge about:
1. What is Land pollution?
2. Causes of Land pollution.
3. Effects of Land pollution.
4. Solution to Land pollution (recommendation).
Environmental Pollution. Environmental Pollution is an international journal that seeks to publish papers that report results from original, novel research that addresses significant environmental pollution issues and problems and contribute new knowledge to science. The editors welcome high quality papers where the pollutants...
environmental pollution ppt
sources of environmental pollution
environmental pollution definition
environmental pollution journals
environmental pollution articles
environment pollution pdf
environmental pollution pdf
pollution articles for students
A presentation on "Land pollution"
Here you will gather knowledge about:
1. What is Land pollution?
2. Causes of Land pollution.
3. Effects of Land pollution.
4. Solution to Land pollution (recommendation).
Environmental Pollution. Environmental Pollution is an international journal that seeks to publish papers that report results from original, novel research that addresses significant environmental pollution issues and problems and contribute new knowledge to science. The editors welcome high quality papers where the pollutants...
environmental pollution ppt
sources of environmental pollution
environmental pollution definition
environmental pollution journals
environmental pollution articles
environment pollution pdf
environmental pollution pdf
pollution articles for students
Environment; Pollution and other environmental problemsAashiGupta46
What is Environment
Major Current Environmental Problems
Different Types of Pollution
Pollution and their health effects
Index of pollution level
Global warming
Causes of global warming
Ways to reduce global warming
Overpopulation
Reasons and effects of overpopulation
Ozone layer depletion
Reasons for ozone layer depletion
Deforestation
How does deforestation cause global warming?
Waste Disposal
ENVIRONMENT PRESENTATION BY MISA 9THB BIS,TIRUR KERALAMirsa Mosa
IT IS A VERY INFORMATIVE PRESENTATION ON ENVIRONMENT.I HOPE EVERYONE WOULD SEE TO IT.CONTAINS INFORMATION OF HOW T GETS POLLUTED ,THE TYPES OF POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMEN DAY 2015
Environment; Pollution and other environmental problemsAashiGupta46
What is Environment
Major Current Environmental Problems
Different Types of Pollution
Pollution and their health effects
Index of pollution level
Global warming
Causes of global warming
Ways to reduce global warming
Overpopulation
Reasons and effects of overpopulation
Ozone layer depletion
Reasons for ozone layer depletion
Deforestation
How does deforestation cause global warming?
Waste Disposal
ENVIRONMENT PRESENTATION BY MISA 9THB BIS,TIRUR KERALAMirsa Mosa
IT IS A VERY INFORMATIVE PRESENTATION ON ENVIRONMENT.I HOPE EVERYONE WOULD SEE TO IT.CONTAINS INFORMATION OF HOW T GETS POLLUTED ,THE TYPES OF POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMEN DAY 2015
Pollution and Environmental Law: Pollution Control in the PhilippinesJill Domingo
Pollution and Environmental Law: Pollution Control in the Philippines
Disclaimer: I do not own the pictures in this slideshow and some of it's contents.
Land pollution may be understood as the deterioration of the earth’s land surfaces, often directly or indirectly as a result of man’s activities.
in this ppt, i cover source of land pollution, factor for causing land pollution and how to prevent land pollution
Anthropogenic or man-made pollution is due to many factors like industrial or accidental factors, eg. mining, throwing untreated garbage, leaking of chemicals and many more.
Waste Management is one of the main aspect to keep environment clean as their are many types of waste which is necessary to keep managed so that it dose'nt spoil the surroundings.
This a good presentation of "Soil pollution",where all the thing related to soil pollution is described clearly and there are many useful flowchart and photos attached with this presentation.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
2. What is Land Pollution
Land pollution can be defined as acts occurring on an area resulting in colour change, fertility, and erosion. It is caused by
waste in the form of liquid or solid.
Causes of land pollution
Garbage disposal and sewage uncontrolled one of the reasons that cause soil contamination occurs. There are two
methods of disposal
Garbage filling method and
combustion method
3. Causes of land pollution
Degenerative Actions
Include a lot of human actions, like deforestation, overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, desertification, mining, inefficient or
inadequate waste treatment, landfill, litter, etc.
Many of these are unavoidable; however, definitely the severity of these actions in terms of the effects they have on the land can be
reduced by taking appropriate and adequate corrective measures.
Misuse of Land
Mainly refers to cutting trees to clear land for agriculture, as well as processes like desertification and land conversion.
Desertification is when effects of human development or other actions convert a piece of fertile land into desert-land or dry-land.
Land once converted to desert-land can never be reclaimed by any amount of corrective measures.
Inefficient Use of Land
Inefficient use of land as such is not going to cause land pollution.
It is an indirect cause of land pollution that is often largely neglected.
4. Effects of land pollution
Effects on Climate
Land pollutions leads to loss in the forest cover of Earth.
This is in turn going to affect the amount of rain.
Less rain mean lesser vegetation.
The effect of all different kinds of pollution will eventually lead to problems like acid rains, greenhouse effect, global
warming.
Bio magnification
Process in which certain non-biodegradable substances go on accumulating in the food-chain.
The most common example is of methyl mercury in fish and mercury in eagles.
Not only does bio magnification put the particular species at risk, it puts all the species above and below it at risk, and
ultimately affects the food pyramid.
5. Impact of land pollution
The spread of disease germs is one of the effects that would arise from the effects of soil contamination.
Pest animals such as rats, cockroaches and flies are concentrated in the area and spread the disease
germs to the earlier onset of food another.
If flies or cockroaches eaten, next accidental human consumption vulnerable people would then in turn
attacked by food poisoning and serious illness.
In addition, damage soil and its quality is the impact that will arise when the occurrence of soil
contamination.
Industry wastes and spills result from the carrier to land damaged and less quality.
Poor quality land causes the plants or vegetables that are grown life with imperfect and less fertile.
6. Prevention of land pollution
Disposal of Wastes
Proper waste management is the most important thing to do for the prevention of land pollution.
Several steps should be taken to ensure that the waste gets disposed in the most harmless way, i.e.
produces less or no toxins.
One of the ways of doing this is by separating dry and wet waste.
Dry waste should be recycled or it can be burned.
On the other hand, wet waste should be decomposed.
This decomposed waste should be further dumped in pits so that it can be converted into compost and
used for agriculture.
When disposing of waste, the authorities should treat it with various kinds of chemicals, so that it has a
very low level of toxicity.
7. Prevention of land pollution
Recycling and Reuse
People should buy and use products that have been recycled.
For instance, plastic bags should be given up; instead, jute bags should be used.
Reusing old items is another good way to reduce the stress on various resources.
Clothes, paper, glass, everything should be recycled and reused, as far as possible.
Disposal of Wastes
One of the ways of doing this is by separating dry and wet waste.
Dry waste should be recycled or it can be burned.
On the other hand, wet waste should be decomposed.
This decomposed waste should be further dumped in pits so that it can be converted into compost and used for
agriculture.
When disposing of waste, the authorities should treat it with various kinds of chemicals, so that it has a very low
level of toxicity.
8. Prevention of land pollution
Biodegradable Products
People should buy biodegradable products.
Go organic - that's the mantra for avoiding land pollution.
Organic farming, lessening the use of pesticides, buying organic fruits and vegetables and other products, will keep land
pollution in check.
Grow More Trees
Initiative should be taken to grow more trees.
Researches show that trees can actually fertilize the soil.
This means that by growing trees, soil will become fertile, agriculture will get boosted and land pollution will greatly
reduce.
9. Prevention of land pollution
Efficient Use of Resources
There should be minimal wastage.
There should be no littering.
Oil and petrol should be used judiciously.
So should all the other products and resources made from glass, plastic, metal and paper.
Grow More Trees
Initiative should be taken to grow more trees.
Researches show that trees can actually fertilize the soil.
This means that by growing trees, soil will become fertile, agriculture will get boosted and land pollution will greatly
reduce.
10. Conclusion
Certainly a country that is growing rapidly and developed in various fields.
But the rapid pace of development, many do not realize that it also carries side effects on
the environment