1. Red clover and chicory clover systems can support high stocking rates of 35-45 lambs/ha and lamb growth rates of 250-350 g/day, producing 2-3 times more meat than pasture alone.
2. Research on red clover systems found that Hunter and Italian ryegrass with red clover produced high biomass and supported lamb growth rates of over 150 g/day.
3. Tonic plantain can produce similar dry matter as perennial ryegrass while increasing weaning weights of lambs and ewes compared to Italian ryegrass.
US wheat production has increased dramatically since 1866, from 170 million bushels to 2.4 billion bushels in 2008. Acres planted have risen from 15.4 million to 56.6 million over the same period, while yields per acre have increased from 11 bushels to 43.5 bushels. Wheat was first cultivated 12,000 years ago in Iraq, Iran and Jordan, and spread to other parts of the world like Ethiopia, Great Britain and Spain around 5,000 years ago. Winter wheat was brought to the US by Russian Mennonites in 1874. There are different classes of wheat defined by attributes like hardness, color, growing habit. The milling process separates wheat into bran,
Broiler chickens are chickens raised for meat that are sold in grocery stores. They are hatched in incubators and raised in large chicken houses together with over 20,000 other chicks. The chickens are provided with feed, water, heating when young, and other equipment to keep them healthy until they are 6 weeks old, when they are transported to processors. Modern chicken houses have automated equipment like cooling, feeding, watering, and lighting systems to care for the large flocks with reduced labor.
282 week study of vermicast production in the philippines Aloha House
This document summarizes a 282-week study on vermicast production in the Philippines using the African Night Crawler. Some key results include:
- The 38 square meter area produced 241 liters or 6.37 liters/square meter of vermicast per week, totaling 88 tons over 5 years, 4 months and 27 days.
- The vermicast had high concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other micronutrients important for plant growth.
- A method was developed for producing high-quality vermicast involving top harvesting from beds of African Night Crawlers fed with pre-composted livestock manure, to be used in a potent potting mix.
The document discusses reasons for and against keeping farm animals warm with electric blankets. Reasons for include keeping cows and chooks happy and warm which leads to producing more milk and eggs. Reasons against include high electricity expenses, risk of overheating or fires which could make the farmer angry as well as concerns about spoiling the animals.
Find here list of poultry equipment manufacturers & suppliers who deal in poultry farming. Get contact details & address of companies manufacturing and supplies. Get contact details & address of companies manufacturing and supplies. For more information visit our website.
This document provides information about different types of chickens used for commercial poultry farming. It discusses the Brown Leghorn, Hy-Line, and Bovans White breeds. For each breed, it describes their origin, morphological features, egg production rates, weights, and feeding requirements. It also provides a table comparing the key traits of each breed. The document aims to educate about different chicken breeds used for commercial egg and meat production.
Quail have a high rate of egg production at 300 eggs per year. They mature rapidly, require less feed and space than chickens, with 8-10 quail occupying the space of one chicken. Quail also have 3-4 generations per year. The incubation period for quail eggs is 18 days at a setter temperature of 37.4-37.9°C and humidity of 65-70%. Hatcher temperature is 36.9°C at 75% humidity. Factors affecting hatchability include the male to female ratio, age, inheritance, preferential mating, nutrition, health, and management. Cages for rearing quail are typically 12.5 x 20 x 25 cm for 2 quail, or
Broiler Management In Mapalana Agriculture Faculty Farm.Muslim Aid
The document provides information about broiler chicken management practices over a 5 week period for 25 birds. It details the arrival of the chicks, management practices including feeding, lighting and health, performance metrics like weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Some problems encountered were fatigue in hot weather. After processing, the dressing percentage and costs/profits were calculated. The summary found that management of broilers over 5 weeks resulted in average weight gain, acceptable feed conversion ratio and mortality, and a small profit per bird. Room for improvement includes reducing heat stress and better feed palatability.
US wheat production has increased dramatically since 1866, from 170 million bushels to 2.4 billion bushels in 2008. Acres planted have risen from 15.4 million to 56.6 million over the same period, while yields per acre have increased from 11 bushels to 43.5 bushels. Wheat was first cultivated 12,000 years ago in Iraq, Iran and Jordan, and spread to other parts of the world like Ethiopia, Great Britain and Spain around 5,000 years ago. Winter wheat was brought to the US by Russian Mennonites in 1874. There are different classes of wheat defined by attributes like hardness, color, growing habit. The milling process separates wheat into bran,
Broiler chickens are chickens raised for meat that are sold in grocery stores. They are hatched in incubators and raised in large chicken houses together with over 20,000 other chicks. The chickens are provided with feed, water, heating when young, and other equipment to keep them healthy until they are 6 weeks old, when they are transported to processors. Modern chicken houses have automated equipment like cooling, feeding, watering, and lighting systems to care for the large flocks with reduced labor.
282 week study of vermicast production in the philippines Aloha House
This document summarizes a 282-week study on vermicast production in the Philippines using the African Night Crawler. Some key results include:
- The 38 square meter area produced 241 liters or 6.37 liters/square meter of vermicast per week, totaling 88 tons over 5 years, 4 months and 27 days.
- The vermicast had high concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other micronutrients important for plant growth.
- A method was developed for producing high-quality vermicast involving top harvesting from beds of African Night Crawlers fed with pre-composted livestock manure, to be used in a potent potting mix.
The document discusses reasons for and against keeping farm animals warm with electric blankets. Reasons for include keeping cows and chooks happy and warm which leads to producing more milk and eggs. Reasons against include high electricity expenses, risk of overheating or fires which could make the farmer angry as well as concerns about spoiling the animals.
Find here list of poultry equipment manufacturers & suppliers who deal in poultry farming. Get contact details & address of companies manufacturing and supplies. Get contact details & address of companies manufacturing and supplies. For more information visit our website.
This document provides information about different types of chickens used for commercial poultry farming. It discusses the Brown Leghorn, Hy-Line, and Bovans White breeds. For each breed, it describes their origin, morphological features, egg production rates, weights, and feeding requirements. It also provides a table comparing the key traits of each breed. The document aims to educate about different chicken breeds used for commercial egg and meat production.
Quail have a high rate of egg production at 300 eggs per year. They mature rapidly, require less feed and space than chickens, with 8-10 quail occupying the space of one chicken. Quail also have 3-4 generations per year. The incubation period for quail eggs is 18 days at a setter temperature of 37.4-37.9°C and humidity of 65-70%. Hatcher temperature is 36.9°C at 75% humidity. Factors affecting hatchability include the male to female ratio, age, inheritance, preferential mating, nutrition, health, and management. Cages for rearing quail are typically 12.5 x 20 x 25 cm for 2 quail, or
Broiler Management In Mapalana Agriculture Faculty Farm.Muslim Aid
The document provides information about broiler chicken management practices over a 5 week period for 25 birds. It details the arrival of the chicks, management practices including feeding, lighting and health, performance metrics like weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Some problems encountered were fatigue in hot weather. After processing, the dressing percentage and costs/profits were calculated. The summary found that management of broilers over 5 weeks resulted in average weight gain, acceptable feed conversion ratio and mortality, and a small profit per bird. Room for improvement includes reducing heat stress and better feed palatability.
The document provides guidance on starting and managing a quail production operation, including selecting stock, housing and equipment needs, brooding and rearing management, layer management, feeding management, health maintenance, and marketing considerations. It outlines the specific space, temperature, lighting and feeding requirements at different stages of growth. Proper management can result in low mortality rates and high egg production efficiency over 300 days.
This document provides an overview of broiler management practices from receiving day-old chicks to harvest. It discusses pre-arrival management including housing preparation through disinfection. It emphasizes the importance of an all-in, all-out production system and details best practices for receiving chicks, maintaining optimal house environment, brooder management, nutrition, vaccination schedules, and carcass disposal. The goal of broiler management is to implement efficient practices that maximize production and profits while minimizing disease risks through the 8-week grow-out period.
The document discusses poultry health and production. It covers three main types of chicken enterprises: egg production, broiler production, and raising replacement pullets. It outlines advantages like high feed efficiency and fast returns, and disadvantages like disease risks. It also discusses basic poultry nutrition, including protein, carbohydrate and fat digestion. Proper nutrition is key to efficient conversion of feed into meat and eggs.
Broiler production involves breeding chickens specifically for meat. Broiler farms have advantages like a short rearing period of 35 days and high return on initial investment. Important considerations for site selection include access to roads, electricity, water, and adequate ventilation. Essential equipment includes feeders, drinkers, weighing scales, and brooders. Proper cleaning and disinfection of sheds between flocks is important for bird health. Brooding young chicks requires maintaining optimal temperature and lighting conditions, as well as gradually increasing space per bird as they grow.
Increasing productivity and drought resilence with green manure/cover cropsNelCoetzee
Green manure/cover crops can build soil organic matter without expensive fertilizers, increasing productivity for smallholder farmers. They produce large amounts of biomass (up to 60 tons/hectare annually) that boosts soil fertility over time. Benefits include higher food yields, drought resilience, weed control, and carbon sequestration. The document discusses species like lablab beans, pigeon peas, and jack beans that fix nitrogen, and provides photos showing improved soil from using cover crops over several years. Basic rules for smallholders include intercropping species and not introducing too many new varieties.
Quails are smaller sized bird, so they can be raised within small place.
Quails grow very fast and gain maturity faster than any other poultry birds. Adult broiler quail weights around 210 gm at 4 weeks of age.
The document discusses duck farming, focusing on the Khaki Campbell and Pekin duck breeds. It provides information on:
- The Khaki Campbell is a breed of egg-laying duck originating in England in the 20th century. The Pekin duck is a meat and egg producing breed developed from the Mallard in China and brought to the US in 1873.
- Housing and care requirements are discussed for different stages of growth, including brooding temperatures for ducklings and space requirements. Commercial housing systems include total confinement and semi-confinement.
- Feeding, watering needs, and health considerations are also outlined. While swimming is not essential, ducks need water deep enough to submerge their
Rabbit farming provides several advantages such as low investment, high feed efficiency, rapid breeding, and meat that is low in fat and cholesterol. Rabbits can be bred commercially to produce meat, wool, skin, and manure. Common breeds raised for meat include New Zealand White, Soviet Chinchilla, and various giant breeds from Russia. Proper breeding management involves allowing does to reach maturity before breeding and providing a buck to doe ratio of 1:10-15. Babies rely solely on their mother's milk for the first 3 weeks before starting to eat grass and concentrates. Adult rabbits require a diet of green vegetation, concentrates, and clean water to meet their nutritional needs.
This document provides information and guidelines for raising Hy-Line Brown Commercial Layers from day old chicks to laying hens. It covers the key aspects of brooding, feeding, health, housing and egg collection. Specific parameters are outlined for temperature, lighting, space requirements and feeding amounts at different stages. Maintaining strict biosecurity, vaccination programs and general hygiene are emphasized as important for flock health and performance.
To get practical knowledge about poultry management.
To practice Broiler management.
To identify the problem in poultry and broiler management.
Poultry is the domestication and rearing of birds like
Chicken
Turkeys
Guinea fowls
Ducks
Quails
for the purpose of meat and eggs which are highly nutritive supplementing foods and high-quality protein.
Daily observation & cleaning
Housing
Feeding
Watering
Weighing
Egg collection
Debeaking
Culling
Feed supplement
Egg quality parameters
Duck farming is an important part of poultry farming in India, accounting for about 10% of total poultry population. Ducks are more prolific layers than chickens, producing 15-20 more eggs per year. They are also hardy birds that can forage to supplement their diet. The two main breeds used are Khaki Campbell, the best egg producer at 300 eggs/year, and White Pekin which is fast growing and has good meat quality. Diseases like duck virus enteritis and pasteurellosis pose threats but can be prevented through vaccination and sanitary practices.
Quails are small, hardy birds that are suitable for small-scale farming. They reach sexual maturity within 6-7 weeks and can lay up to 300 eggs per year. Quail eggs and meat are nutritious and help prevent diseases. Farming quails requires building small cages and providing adequate food, water, temperature control and hygiene. The document provides guidance on selecting breeds, housing, feeding, breeding and caring for quails to establish a profitable quail farming business.
This document provides an overview of broiler production, including definitions of broilers, advantages of broiler rearing, farm location and layout considerations, housing design and equipment, management practices at different growth stages, nutrition, vaccination, and performance metrics. Key points covered include broilers being chickens bred for meat production reaching slaughter weight in 4-7 weeks, low initial investment and quick returns being advantages, and housing, feeding, health and routine management being essential to optimize growth and efficiency.
This document discusses rearing guinea fowl, a bird native to Africa that is raised for both meat and eggs. It describes guinea fowl's hardiness and disease resistance compared to other poultry. There are three main varieties - pearl, lavender, and white - as well as hybrids. Guinea fowl reach sexual maturity later than chickens, lay fewer eggs per year, and have lower productivity overall but richer meat. Their management requires less intensive housing and feeding than other poultry due to their foraging ability but still benefits from standard brooding and feeding practices. Guinea fowl have higher innate disease resistance than other poultry.
- Turkey farming is an important industry in India after chicken farming. Turkey meat is leaner than other poultry. Turkey farming is popular in states like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and parts of Uttar Pradesh.
- There are three main varieties of turkey farmed in India - Broad Breasted Bronze, Broad Breasted White, and Beltsville Small White. The Nandanam 1 variety was developed specifically for conditions in Tamil Nadu.
- Proper management practices including incubation, brooding, housing, feeding, and health management are required for successful turkey farming. Breeding can be done through natural mating or artificial insemination.
Poultry litter is a mixture of bedding materials like rice husks, wood shavings or straw along with chicken manure. It is used in poultry housing to absorb moisture and protect birds' feet. Proper litter management is important to control moisture levels below 30% and prevent health issues for birds like coccidiosis or foot problems. Litter quality is also important for bird welfare and productivity.
This document discusses quail farming. Some key advantages of quail farming are that quails require minimum floor space, have low investment costs, are sturdy birds that can be marketed at 5 weeks of age. Quails reach sexual maturity at 6-7 weeks when they start laying eggs, and can lay up to 280 eggs per year. Quail meat and eggs are nutritious and lower in fat and cholesterol than chicken. Housing options include cage systems and deep litter systems. Proper management of feeding, housing, and health is required to successfully raise quails.
Quail farming provides several advantages such as minimum space needs, low investment, early sexual maturity and egg production, and high nutritional value of meat and eggs. Quails can be housed using deep litter or cage systems and require specific feeding and management practices. These include adequate temperature and ventilation for chicks, separating sexes at 4 weeks, lighting for 16 hours to stimulate egg laying, and providing a male to female ratio of 1:3 for breeding. Quail meat has a high dressing yield and is lower in fat than chicken. A government license is required to farm quails.
The document is an agenda for a talk on teen issues by Josh Bowen. It introduces Josh and his experience living with diabetes since childhood. The agenda covers home/family issues, friend issues, school issues, social issues, and provides free tips, quotes, and advice. It encourages questions and discusses keeping blood sugar stable through exercise and responsible management.
How to use social activation platforms to engage social influencers in niche audiences
Which activation platforms are best at encouraging advocate-driven content and conversations across Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest
The document provides guidance on starting and managing a quail production operation, including selecting stock, housing and equipment needs, brooding and rearing management, layer management, feeding management, health maintenance, and marketing considerations. It outlines the specific space, temperature, lighting and feeding requirements at different stages of growth. Proper management can result in low mortality rates and high egg production efficiency over 300 days.
This document provides an overview of broiler management practices from receiving day-old chicks to harvest. It discusses pre-arrival management including housing preparation through disinfection. It emphasizes the importance of an all-in, all-out production system and details best practices for receiving chicks, maintaining optimal house environment, brooder management, nutrition, vaccination schedules, and carcass disposal. The goal of broiler management is to implement efficient practices that maximize production and profits while minimizing disease risks through the 8-week grow-out period.
The document discusses poultry health and production. It covers three main types of chicken enterprises: egg production, broiler production, and raising replacement pullets. It outlines advantages like high feed efficiency and fast returns, and disadvantages like disease risks. It also discusses basic poultry nutrition, including protein, carbohydrate and fat digestion. Proper nutrition is key to efficient conversion of feed into meat and eggs.
Broiler production involves breeding chickens specifically for meat. Broiler farms have advantages like a short rearing period of 35 days and high return on initial investment. Important considerations for site selection include access to roads, electricity, water, and adequate ventilation. Essential equipment includes feeders, drinkers, weighing scales, and brooders. Proper cleaning and disinfection of sheds between flocks is important for bird health. Brooding young chicks requires maintaining optimal temperature and lighting conditions, as well as gradually increasing space per bird as they grow.
Increasing productivity and drought resilence with green manure/cover cropsNelCoetzee
Green manure/cover crops can build soil organic matter without expensive fertilizers, increasing productivity for smallholder farmers. They produce large amounts of biomass (up to 60 tons/hectare annually) that boosts soil fertility over time. Benefits include higher food yields, drought resilience, weed control, and carbon sequestration. The document discusses species like lablab beans, pigeon peas, and jack beans that fix nitrogen, and provides photos showing improved soil from using cover crops over several years. Basic rules for smallholders include intercropping species and not introducing too many new varieties.
Quails are smaller sized bird, so they can be raised within small place.
Quails grow very fast and gain maturity faster than any other poultry birds. Adult broiler quail weights around 210 gm at 4 weeks of age.
The document discusses duck farming, focusing on the Khaki Campbell and Pekin duck breeds. It provides information on:
- The Khaki Campbell is a breed of egg-laying duck originating in England in the 20th century. The Pekin duck is a meat and egg producing breed developed from the Mallard in China and brought to the US in 1873.
- Housing and care requirements are discussed for different stages of growth, including brooding temperatures for ducklings and space requirements. Commercial housing systems include total confinement and semi-confinement.
- Feeding, watering needs, and health considerations are also outlined. While swimming is not essential, ducks need water deep enough to submerge their
Rabbit farming provides several advantages such as low investment, high feed efficiency, rapid breeding, and meat that is low in fat and cholesterol. Rabbits can be bred commercially to produce meat, wool, skin, and manure. Common breeds raised for meat include New Zealand White, Soviet Chinchilla, and various giant breeds from Russia. Proper breeding management involves allowing does to reach maturity before breeding and providing a buck to doe ratio of 1:10-15. Babies rely solely on their mother's milk for the first 3 weeks before starting to eat grass and concentrates. Adult rabbits require a diet of green vegetation, concentrates, and clean water to meet their nutritional needs.
This document provides information and guidelines for raising Hy-Line Brown Commercial Layers from day old chicks to laying hens. It covers the key aspects of brooding, feeding, health, housing and egg collection. Specific parameters are outlined for temperature, lighting, space requirements and feeding amounts at different stages. Maintaining strict biosecurity, vaccination programs and general hygiene are emphasized as important for flock health and performance.
To get practical knowledge about poultry management.
To practice Broiler management.
To identify the problem in poultry and broiler management.
Poultry is the domestication and rearing of birds like
Chicken
Turkeys
Guinea fowls
Ducks
Quails
for the purpose of meat and eggs which are highly nutritive supplementing foods and high-quality protein.
Daily observation & cleaning
Housing
Feeding
Watering
Weighing
Egg collection
Debeaking
Culling
Feed supplement
Egg quality parameters
Duck farming is an important part of poultry farming in India, accounting for about 10% of total poultry population. Ducks are more prolific layers than chickens, producing 15-20 more eggs per year. They are also hardy birds that can forage to supplement their diet. The two main breeds used are Khaki Campbell, the best egg producer at 300 eggs/year, and White Pekin which is fast growing and has good meat quality. Diseases like duck virus enteritis and pasteurellosis pose threats but can be prevented through vaccination and sanitary practices.
Quails are small, hardy birds that are suitable for small-scale farming. They reach sexual maturity within 6-7 weeks and can lay up to 300 eggs per year. Quail eggs and meat are nutritious and help prevent diseases. Farming quails requires building small cages and providing adequate food, water, temperature control and hygiene. The document provides guidance on selecting breeds, housing, feeding, breeding and caring for quails to establish a profitable quail farming business.
This document provides an overview of broiler production, including definitions of broilers, advantages of broiler rearing, farm location and layout considerations, housing design and equipment, management practices at different growth stages, nutrition, vaccination, and performance metrics. Key points covered include broilers being chickens bred for meat production reaching slaughter weight in 4-7 weeks, low initial investment and quick returns being advantages, and housing, feeding, health and routine management being essential to optimize growth and efficiency.
This document discusses rearing guinea fowl, a bird native to Africa that is raised for both meat and eggs. It describes guinea fowl's hardiness and disease resistance compared to other poultry. There are three main varieties - pearl, lavender, and white - as well as hybrids. Guinea fowl reach sexual maturity later than chickens, lay fewer eggs per year, and have lower productivity overall but richer meat. Their management requires less intensive housing and feeding than other poultry due to their foraging ability but still benefits from standard brooding and feeding practices. Guinea fowl have higher innate disease resistance than other poultry.
- Turkey farming is an important industry in India after chicken farming. Turkey meat is leaner than other poultry. Turkey farming is popular in states like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and parts of Uttar Pradesh.
- There are three main varieties of turkey farmed in India - Broad Breasted Bronze, Broad Breasted White, and Beltsville Small White. The Nandanam 1 variety was developed specifically for conditions in Tamil Nadu.
- Proper management practices including incubation, brooding, housing, feeding, and health management are required for successful turkey farming. Breeding can be done through natural mating or artificial insemination.
Poultry litter is a mixture of bedding materials like rice husks, wood shavings or straw along with chicken manure. It is used in poultry housing to absorb moisture and protect birds' feet. Proper litter management is important to control moisture levels below 30% and prevent health issues for birds like coccidiosis or foot problems. Litter quality is also important for bird welfare and productivity.
This document discusses quail farming. Some key advantages of quail farming are that quails require minimum floor space, have low investment costs, are sturdy birds that can be marketed at 5 weeks of age. Quails reach sexual maturity at 6-7 weeks when they start laying eggs, and can lay up to 280 eggs per year. Quail meat and eggs are nutritious and lower in fat and cholesterol than chicken. Housing options include cage systems and deep litter systems. Proper management of feeding, housing, and health is required to successfully raise quails.
Quail farming provides several advantages such as minimum space needs, low investment, early sexual maturity and egg production, and high nutritional value of meat and eggs. Quails can be housed using deep litter or cage systems and require specific feeding and management practices. These include adequate temperature and ventilation for chicks, separating sexes at 4 weeks, lighting for 16 hours to stimulate egg laying, and providing a male to female ratio of 1:3 for breeding. Quail meat has a high dressing yield and is lower in fat than chicken. A government license is required to farm quails.
The document is an agenda for a talk on teen issues by Josh Bowen. It introduces Josh and his experience living with diabetes since childhood. The agenda covers home/family issues, friend issues, school issues, social issues, and provides free tips, quotes, and advice. It encourages questions and discusses keeping blood sugar stable through exercise and responsible management.
How to use social activation platforms to engage social influencers in niche audiences
Which activation platforms are best at encouraging advocate-driven content and conversations across Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest
The document summarizes new products being introduced by Agricom for the 2010-2011 season, including Spitfire rape, a new yellow-fleshed main crop swede, awnless barley CRBA 131, new large-leaved white clover GC216, diploid perennial ryegrass PG1212 AR37, and diploid Italian ryegrass PG255 AR37. Trial results were presented showing the performance and advantages of these new materials. Agricom will have limited volumes of the new products available in 2011, with full commercial availability planned for 2012.
A presentation given to the Boston Parking Dept and related offices and individuals. Preso outlines the ways in which other countries deal with two-wheeled parking issues.
The document provides guidance for farmers and seed sellers on creating productive and persistent pasture mixes. It discusses factors to consider like soil type, climate, intended grazing animal, and management practices. It also covers reading trial data critically and asking the right questions to understand a farmer's goals and situation. Seed mixes should be tailored to meet expectations as closely as possible through balanced species selection and rates.
Higher water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content in pasture typically results in increased dry matter intake and milk yield for dairy cows, and lower urinary nitrogen excretion rates. A review of several studies found that pastures with WSC contents over 160g/kg DM generally increased intake by 1-2kg DM/day, milk yield by 1-3kg/day, and lowered urinary nitrogen excretion by 5-10% compared to pastures with lower WSC contents under 130g/kg DM.
This document discusses crop planning and feed budgeting for winter brassicas. It provides tips for estimating yields of different brassica crops and emphasizes how dry matter percentage impacts yield. It also stresses the importance of having accurate assumptions for potential yield, crop utilization, animal intake, and the proportion of the diet from brassicas when doing feed planning. An example is given showing the steps to calculate the area of turnips required to supplement a dairy herd for 8 weeks. Key assumptions in the calculation include predicted yield, utilization percentage, daily intake per cow, and lack of concurrent growth or regrowth during grazing.
This document discusses strategies for improving whole farm forage utilization for sheep and goat production, including using annual forages. It notes that annual forages can fill deficits in perennial pasture production by extending the grazing season. Studies showed that annual forages like brassicas can produce high gains per acre for lambs as well as individual gains comparable to grain diets at lower costs. The document recommends including annual forages in crop rotations and as cover crops to improve forage quality and availability while providing benefits to soil and crops. Precise grazing management is key to optimizing animal performance on annual forage systems.
Three key points from the document:
1. Research found that more complex forage mixtures with multiple grass types yielded higher than simpler mixtures, and legumes like alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil provided higher forage quality and nitrogen fixation.
2. Cattle generally had better daily weight gain on pastures with mixtures of timothy, meadow fescue, and bluegrass, but mixtures including tall fescue provided more gain per acre. Reseeding legumes every 2-3 years is important to sustain productivity.
3. Managing grazing to reduce mud and extending the grazing season through techniques like bale grazing can help lower winter feeding costs for cattle in eastern Canada's climate. Shelter, body condition
1. Switchgrass is a low-input, perennial grass that is well-suited to growing on marginal lands, producing 7-11 tonnes/ha of straw.
2. Dairy producers prefer switchgrass to wheat straw as livestock bedding due to its superior ability to absorb fluids and maintain a dry stall environment.
3. Feeding switchgrass in dairy rations can benefit rumen function for lactating cows and help prevent disorders in dry cows by reducing dietary potassium levels compared to alfalfa hay or wheat straw.
Tomato is the second most important vegetable crop next to potato. This presentation showcases the economics behind growing Tomato in a greenhouse environment.
Carps form the mainstay of aquaculture in India contributing over 85% of the total aquaculture production There are 61,259 species of vertebrates recognized world; over 30,700 are fish species of which 8,411 ore fresh water while 11,650 are marine. In India 2,163 spp. are fin fishes have been recorded from upland cold water (157; 7.26%) warm water of the plain (54; 20.99%), Brackish water (182; 8.41%) and marine environment (1,370; 63.43%). Some of these species are cultured at commercial level which covering a lot varieties of fin fishes The three Indian major carps, namely Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal) contribute the bulk of production to the extent of 75 to85 percent of the total fresh water fish production, the three exotic carp such as Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio ), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella )form the second important group to incorporate several other medium and minor carp and into the carp poly culture system several method were used because of their region specific consumer preference and higher market demand.
History
Carp culture in India was restricted only to a homestead backyard pond activity in west Bengal and Odisha until late 1950 s with seed from riverine sources as the only input resulting low level of production the technological breakthrough breeding of carp through hypophysation in 1957 freshwater aquaculture of the country the country till 1984 virtually laid the foundation of scientific carp farming in the country.
Important characteristics of Indian major carps:-
Indian major carp grow fast and can reproduce even in artificial ponds. They feed upon phytoplankton, zooplankton, decaying organic matter, aquatic plant etc. stomach is absent in the alimentary canal of the major carps. Three types of Indian major carps are cultured in
1) Silage making involves chopping green forage crops like corn and compacting them in an air-tight container to ferment. This preserves nutrients and allows feeding throughout the year.
2) Plastic bag silage production has advantages over traditional methods, including lower costs, ease of use, and ability to store silage anywhere. Proper techniques like adding the right moisture content and quickly sealing bags are needed to produce high quality silage.
3) Producing green corn for silage rather than grain provides higher returns per hectare due to lower production costs and higher market price for silage compared to grain. Silage production yields over 50% more net income than grain production per cropping.
This document discusses Russ Wilson's family farm, Wilson Land & Cattle Co., which uses innovative grazing techniques such as grazing livestock on standing corn and cover crops. The farm raises several species of livestock and plants a diverse cover crop mix to improve soil health. Data showed that grazing livestock on standing corn and cover crops produced over 15,000 pounds of dry matter per acre at a relatively low cost, and provided significant savings and labor reductions compared to harvesting and feeding corn and hay. Soil tests also indicated increases in nutrients. The document provides recommendations for others interested in similar grazing methods.
This document summarizes a presentation on the potential for sweet potato silage to address challenges in the sweet potato and pig value chains in Uganda. The presentation outlines the objectives, materials and methods, main findings, and conclusions. The main findings show that sweet potato vines, roots, and peels are often wasted, but could be used to make silage to feed pigs. Currently, pig farmers face feed shortages during certain months and rely on expensive imported feed. The conclusion is that sweet potato silage making has the potential to reduce waste and seasonal feed shortages by utilizing sweet potato byproducts, benefiting both sweet potato and pig farmers.
This document provides an overview of KWS UK's hybrid rye development strategy and portfolio for 2017-2018. It discusses the benefits of hybrid rye for various end markets including biogas production, pig feed, and human food. Key points covered include KWS's focus on ergot resistance through its PollenPlus breeding technology, performance data demonstrating yield advantages of hybrid rye, and recommendations for hybrid rye inclusion in pig rations. Contact information is provided for the KWS UK product and regional managers.
Green Spirit is a blend of diploid and tetraploid Italian ryegrass varieties that maximizes dry matter production and forage quality. It produces high yields of very high quality feed, maintaining protein levels comparable to alfalfa while having higher fiber digestibility. Planting trials found Green Spirit outyielded alfalfa and soybeans, nearly matched corn silage yields, and improved subsequent corn silage yields compared to other rotational crops. Green Spirit is well-suited as a high-energy component of total mixed rations for dairy cows.
1) Broccoli is a highly nutritious vegetable crop that can be profitably grown in India. It has high demand from urban markets.
2) There are different varieties of broccoli that mature within 60-120 days. The optimal temperature for growth is 20-30°C. Broccoli grows best in sandy loam soil with a pH of 6-6.8.
3) Broccoli cultivation requires preparing the soil, sowing seeds or transplanting seedlings, applying fertilizers and pesticides, harvesting the heads before buds open. Proper post-harvest handling and storage at low temperature is needed to maintain quality.
Integrated farming system IN rainfed ecosystemRamyajit Mondal
This document discusses integrated farming systems (IFS) for rainfed ecosystems. It begins by defining farming systems and their components, which can include cropping, dairy, poultry, fisheries, and beekeeping. It then lists several issues facing agriculture like declining growth and productivity. The objectives of IFS are outlined as meeting household needs, conserving resources, and improving efficiency.
Common IFS components for rainfed areas are then described, including crop husbandry, dairy, poultry, duckery, horticulture, and goatery. Details are provided on suitable crops, breeds, housing requirements, feeding, and yields. The document concludes by stating that IFS can increase overall productivity and profitability
This document discusses the benefits of cover crops and relay cropping systems. It notes that cover crops improve soil health by feeding soil organisms, fixing nitrogen, bringing nutrients to the surface, and improving organic matter. Cover crops can also be grazed or provide late-season forage. The document provides examples of farmers in North Dakota using cover crops on prevented planting acres and relay cropping field peas after harvest. It finds that field pea relay cropping can produce over 1,500 pounds of dry matter per acre, adding 60+ pounds of nitrogen. Cover crops are presented as a tool for improving soils and farm management.
Green gram, also known as mung bean, is an important pulse crop grown in India. It has short maturation duration and is often grown as a rotational crop with rice. The document discusses cultivation practices for green gram such as suitable varieties, seed treatment, sowing methods, fertilizer use, irrigation techniques, pests, and harvesting. It notes that India is the world's largest producer and consumer of green gram, with average annual production around 1.5-2 million tons from 3-4 million hectares.
By Kazi Ahmed Kabir, S.B. Saha, Manjurul Karim, Craig A. Meisner, Michael J. Phillips
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
This document discusses rice grains, rice tips, rice bran, and rice polish used in animal nutrition. It covers the introduction, nutritional composition, production/yield, anti-nutritional factors, inclusion levels in different animal feeds, and price per kg for each item. Rice grains are a common feed ingredient and provide energy, protein, and minerals. Rice byproducts like rice tips, bran and polish are also used in feeds for their nutritional value and lower price compared to grains. Anti-nutritional factors in the bran are reduced by processing. Inclusion levels vary by animal type, with ruminants tolerating higher levels than poultry.
This document provides information on RABI forage and sugar crops. It discusses sugarbeet and sugarcane, including their scientific names, areas of origin, global distribution, soil and climate needs, common varieties, and pest and disease issues. It also summarizes key details on the RABI forage crops lucerne, berseem, and oats such as their nutrient and water requirements, suitable varieties, and harvest times. The document provides an overview of important information on these temperate RABI crops.
9. Late spring sown perennial pasture / NEW GRASS Tetraploid ryegrasses Hybrid ryegrasses Late heading ryegrasses
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13. Fractional degradation rate of different forages (/hr) Hrs to Fresh Forage 50 % Perennial ryegrass 0.114 6 Kikuyu 0.071 10 Paspalum 0.068 10 White clover 0.195 3 Chicory 0.260 2.5 Plantain 0.246 2.5 Adapted from Burke et al . 2000 Proc. NZ Soc. An Prod. What makes herbs so effective
19. Red Clover Systems Autumn (March – April) Italian Red clover Pasture Pre mass (kg DM/ha) 0 1900 1900 Growth (kg DM/ha/day) Stocking rate (lambs/ha) 0 27.3 28.2 LWG (g/day) 0 268 110 LWG/ha (kg/ha/day) 0 7.3 3.1
20. Red Clover Systems Autumn (April-May) Italian Red clover Pasture Pre mass (kg DM/ha) 2150 0 1250 Growth (kg DM/ha/day) Stocking rate (lambs/ha) 29.3 0 18.3 LWG (g/day) 155 0 43 LWG/ha (kg/ha/day) 4.5 0 0.8
21. Red Clover Systems Spring (Sept – Dec) Italian Red clover Pasture Animal grazing days 588 1120 555 Stocking rate (ewes/ha) 30 21 13
22. Red Clover Systems 2 nd Summer (Dec – present) Hunter Red clover Pasture Pre mass (kg DM/ha) 2500 2500 2150 Growth (kg DM/ha/day) Stocking rate (lambs/ha) 40 43 35 LWG (g/day) 191 292 72 LWG/ha (kg /ha/day) 7.6 12.7 2.5
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27. Examples of Agricom Systems Work Maximizing Productivity from Hunter Benefits of Tonic as a Lactation feed for Lamb finishing Maximizing productivity from Winfred Red Clover forage systems (Starting spring 08)
48. Tonic plantain in Western District Victoria Being used for early lambing of cull ewes Photo 22 June 2010
49. Four year old Tonic plantain in Western District Victoria Being used for Autumn/Winter Lamb finishing Photo 22 June 2010
50. Tonic plantain & Lucerne in Western District Victoria Being used for stud ram lamb finishing Photo 22 June 2010
51. Tonic plantain & Lucerne in Western District Victoria Being used for stud ram lamb finishing Photo 22 June 2010
52. Early august lambing triplet ewes set stocked in Seddon Pure Tonic plantain in its 3 rd winter Photo 2 nd August 2010
53. Merino ewe hogget's Awtere valley near Dashwood Pure Tonic plantain in its 2nd winter Photo 2 nd August 2010
54. Tonic plantain in its 3 rd winter Sown @ 6kg into run out AR1 perennial ryegrass North Canterbury Photo 2 nd August 2010
Editor's Notes
Maximising productivity on your summer crop may be as simple as eating less of what you grow…. That’s right eating less of what you grow may make you more profitable.. Good morning, my name is Glenn Judson and I a nutritionist speaking to you today on behalf of Agricom. Over the next 20 minutes I want to describe to you the grazing management which I believe is necessary to optimise productivity from this system and give you some tools so you are able to achieve this in your systems. Ill be covering three main points and these are 1. the effect of lamb daily allowance on DM production, 2. the effect of daily allowance on animal performance and 3. utilisation and the use of residual to fine tune your management to optimise your performance. Ill show some data and photos on screen to illustrate my points and I would ask that if you have any questions that you direct those to me at the end of the presentation. So by the end of this presentation you will have a clear understanding of the grazing management which is needed to optimise productivity from summer cropping system and you will have some visual tools from which you will be able to fine tune your management
What is the place of red clover in the dryland scene? Crown type red clover is not generally suitable for hill country, but the spreading and creeping types may prove more suitable under closer grazing, particularly in winter warm areas. The best use of red clover is probably more as a monoculture special purpose stand of high quality feed for finishing young stock over the spring/summer period, provided it can fit with the rest of the system with economic benefit to the whole system. Care will be needed in selecting the most appropriate sites, such as moist, fertile, river flats and valley bottoms, and controlling the area used to ensure the winter carrying capacity of the farm is not affected.
Maximising productivity on your summer crop may be as simple as eating less of what you grow…. That’s right eating less of what you grow may make you more profitable.. Good morning, my name is Glenn Judson and I a Program Leader for Animal Nutrition with Agricom. You maybe aware of some of the Agricom brands such as Hunter leaf turnip, and Winfred forage rape and Sovereign Kale. Over the next 30 minutes I want to describe to you the grazing management which I believe is necessary to maximize productivity from this system and give you some tools so you are able to help your clients achieve this in thier systems. Ill be covering three main points and these are 1. the effect of daily allowance or grazing intensity on DM production, 2. the effect of daily allowance or grazing intensity on animal performance and 3. utilisation and the use of residual to optimise your management to maximise your performance. Ill continue to show you some data and photos on screen to illustrate my points and I would ask that if you have any questions that you direct those to me at the end of the presentation. So by the end of this presentation you will have a clear understanding of the grazing management which is needed to maximise productivity from summer cropping system and you will have some visual tools from which you will be able to help fine tune your clients management
Take home message . An allowance of about 2- 2.5kg/hd/day optimises liveweight gain per hectare
So before I conclude I would like to thank you for your attendance and interest. Remember today I spoke to you about optimising lamb performance on summer crops and I covered three things, DM production, animal performance and utilisation. Over-grazing reduces subsequent regrowth and optimumm animal peroduction occurs at allowances between 2 and 2.5 when we are utilising 65% of the crop, eating all lamina and 50% of petiole.
Maximising productivity on your summer crop may be as simple as eating less of what you grow…. That’s right eating less of what you grow may make you more profitable.. Good morning, my name is Glenn Judson and I a nutritionist speaking to you today on behalf of Agricom. Over the next 20 minutes I want to describe to you the grazing management which I believe is necessary to optimise productivity from this system and give you some tools so you are able to achieve this in your systems. Ill be covering three main points and these are 1. the effect of lamb daily allowance on DM production, 2. the effect of daily allowance on animal performance and 3. utilisation and the use of residual to fine tune your management to optimise your performance. Ill show some data and photos on screen to illustrate my points and I would ask that if you have any questions that you direct those to me at the end of the presentation. So by the end of this presentation you will have a clear understanding of the grazing management which is needed to optimise productivity from summer cropping system and you will have some visual tools from which you will be able to fine tune your management
So before I conclude I would like to thank you for your attendance and interest. Remember today I spoke to you about optimising lamb performance on summer crops and I covered three things, DM production, animal performance and utilisation. Over-grazing reduces subsequent regrowth and optimumm animal peroduction occurs at allowances between 2 and 2.5 when we are utilising 65% of the crop, eating all lamina and 50% of petiole.