This document summarizes updates from LACNIC presented at APNIC 45 in Nepal. It discusses three main topics: 1) excellence in internet number resource management including membership evolution and elections, 2) continued strengthening of a secure, stable, open internet through initiatives like IPv6 deployment and training, and 3) promoting participatory internet governance through community building and the policy development process. Key points include a new fee schedule, the soft landing policy entering its third phase, 15 approved resource transfers, election of two new board members, growing IPv6 deployment across the region especially in Uruguay and Brazil, training over 2,800 people through webinars and courses, and 312 applications received for the FRIDA digital innovation fund.
A talk seeking to clarify issues of multistakeholder Internet governance for a presentation at the seminar ‘Internet Governance in Latin America: Between Borderless Governance and National Initiatives’, Un. of San Andrés, Buenos Aires, 24 April 2015.
The LEADERSHIP project aims at setting up a new approach to engage more actively and strategically in supporting dialogues and partnership building between Europe and Latin America, and ultimately at fostering EU-LAC cooperation in ICT research and innovation.
Its main objectives are:
To create the LAC-ICT Expert Group as a forum to provide recommendations to the EU-LAC political dialogue in ICT.
To set up and run Working Groups on:
Digital Agendas
Funding Mechanisms
ICT Regulations.
To identify ICT priorities for R&I cooperation
To provide input to the SOM ICT Working Group
To reinforce Latin America industrial cooperation in ICT, by enhancing interaction among research, industry and policy-makers.
To support the creation of networks of Living Labs through LAC and collaboration with the European Network of Living Labs.
The Importance of adopting, implementing and following up IPv6 migration at a country/national Level. IPv6 preparedness is increasingly urgent and growth of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority pool for available IPv4 addresses is already exhausted.
The Presentation provide guidance of what the issues to consider when planning and monitoring an IPv6 migration managed by different stakeholders .
A talk seeking to clarify issues of multistakeholder Internet governance for a presentation at the seminar ‘Internet Governance in Latin America: Between Borderless Governance and National Initiatives’, Un. of San Andrés, Buenos Aires, 24 April 2015.
The LEADERSHIP project aims at setting up a new approach to engage more actively and strategically in supporting dialogues and partnership building between Europe and Latin America, and ultimately at fostering EU-LAC cooperation in ICT research and innovation.
Its main objectives are:
To create the LAC-ICT Expert Group as a forum to provide recommendations to the EU-LAC political dialogue in ICT.
To set up and run Working Groups on:
Digital Agendas
Funding Mechanisms
ICT Regulations.
To identify ICT priorities for R&I cooperation
To provide input to the SOM ICT Working Group
To reinforce Latin America industrial cooperation in ICT, by enhancing interaction among research, industry and policy-makers.
To support the creation of networks of Living Labs through LAC and collaboration with the European Network of Living Labs.
The Importance of adopting, implementing and following up IPv6 migration at a country/national Level. IPv6 preparedness is increasingly urgent and growth of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority pool for available IPv4 addresses is already exhausted.
The Presentation provide guidance of what the issues to consider when planning and monitoring an IPv6 migration managed by different stakeholders .
Isoc barriers to connectivity bishkek (28 april)ISOC-KG
Michael Kende, Chief Economist, ISOC.
Barriers to Internet availability and adoption. Interconnection, Access, and Infrastructure Analysis. Bishkek, 28 April 2015
This presentation details Internet Governance. This issue impacts everyone who uses the Internet and must be understood and acted upon to ensure the continued growth and operation of the Internet. PPTX version available at: https://www.arin.net/knowledge/general.html
Internet Governance Community Use Slide Deck from ARINARIN
This presentation by the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) details Internet governance. Internet governance impacts everyone who uses the Internet and must be understood and acted upon to ensure the continued growth and operation of the Internet. Find these slides and more resources on ARIN's general education page: https://www.arin.net/knowledge/general.html
Information Exchange Collaboration across Technical/Operational/Policy Bounda...APNIC
Information Exchange Collaboration across Technical/Operational/Policy Boundaries, by Merike Kaeo.
A presentation given at APNIC 42's FIRST TC Security Session (2) session on Wednesday, 5 October 2016.
Welcome by Chris Ford, Director of IT Nottingham City Council: Digital Britain and the vision for Nottingham. CBN NextGen Roadshow Nottingham - 24 March 2009
APNIC Director General Paul Wilson gives an update on APNIC's activities and new service initiatives at AIS 2018, held alongside AFRINIC 28 in Dakar, Senegal, from 29 April to 11 May 2018.
Isoc barriers to connectivity bishkek (28 april)ISOC-KG
Michael Kende, Chief Economist, ISOC.
Barriers to Internet availability and adoption. Interconnection, Access, and Infrastructure Analysis. Bishkek, 28 April 2015
This presentation details Internet Governance. This issue impacts everyone who uses the Internet and must be understood and acted upon to ensure the continued growth and operation of the Internet. PPTX version available at: https://www.arin.net/knowledge/general.html
Internet Governance Community Use Slide Deck from ARINARIN
This presentation by the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) details Internet governance. Internet governance impacts everyone who uses the Internet and must be understood and acted upon to ensure the continued growth and operation of the Internet. Find these slides and more resources on ARIN's general education page: https://www.arin.net/knowledge/general.html
Information Exchange Collaboration across Technical/Operational/Policy Bounda...APNIC
Information Exchange Collaboration across Technical/Operational/Policy Boundaries, by Merike Kaeo.
A presentation given at APNIC 42's FIRST TC Security Session (2) session on Wednesday, 5 October 2016.
Welcome by Chris Ford, Director of IT Nottingham City Council: Digital Britain and the vision for Nottingham. CBN NextGen Roadshow Nottingham - 24 March 2009
APNIC Director General Paul Wilson gives an update on APNIC's activities and new service initiatives at AIS 2018, held alongside AFRINIC 28 in Dakar, Senegal, from 29 April to 11 May 2018.
APNIC Report as presented by Guangliang Pan at ARIN's Public Policy and Members Meeting in April 2014. All ARIN 33 presentations are posted online at: https://www.arin.net/ARIN33_materials
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
Registry Data Accuracy Improvements, presented by Chimi Dorji at SANOG 41 / I...APNIC
Chimi Dorji, Internet Resource Analyst at APNIC, presented on Registry Data Accuracy Improvements at SANOG 41 jointly held with INNOG 7 in Mumbai, India from 25 to 30 April 2024.
APNIC Policy Roundup, presented by Sunny Chendi at the 5th ICANN APAC-TWNIC E...APNIC
Sunny Chendi, Senior Advisor, Membership and Policy at APNIC, presents 'APNIC Policy Roundup' at the 5th ICANN APAC-TWNIC Engagement Forum and 41st TWNIC OPM in Taipei, Taiwan from 23 to 24 April.
DDoS In Oceania and the Pacific, presented by Dave Phelan at NZNOG 2024APNIC
Dave Phelan, Senior Network Analyst/Technical Trainer at APNIC, presents 'DDoS In Oceania and the Pacific' at NZNOG 2024 held in Nelson, New Zealand from 8 to 12 April 2024.
'Future Evolution of the Internet' delivered by Geoff Huston at Everything Op...APNIC
Geoff Huston, Chief Scientist at APNIC deliver keynote presentation on the 'Future Evolution of the Internet' at the Everything Open 2024 conference in Gladstone, Australia from 16 to 18 April 2024.
IP addressing and IPv6, presented by Paul Wilson at IETF 119APNIC
Paul Wilson, Director General of APNIC delivers a presentation on IP addressing and IPv6 to the Policymakers Program during IETF 119 in Brisbane Australia from 16 to 22 March 2024.
draft-harrison-sidrops-manifest-number-01, presented at IETF 119APNIC
Tom Harrison, Product and Delivery Manager at APNIC presents at the Registration Protocols Extensions working group during IETF 119 in Brisbane, Australia from 16-22 March 2024
Benefits of doing Internet peering and running an Internet Exchange (IX) pres...APNIC
Che-Hoo Cheng, Senior Director, Development at APNIC presents on the "Benefits of doing Internet peering and running an Internet Exchange (IX)" at the Communications Regulatory Commission of Mongolia's IPv6, IXP, Datacenter - Policy and Regulation International Trends Forum in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia on 7 March 2024
APNIC Update and RIR Policies for ccTLDs, presented at APTLD 85APNIC
APNIC Senior Advisor, Membership and Policy, Sunny Chendi presented on APNIC updates and RIR Policies for ccTLDs at APTLD 85 in Goa, India from 19-22 February 2024.
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
2. Three Topics
1. Excellence in Internet Number
Resource Management.
• Membership evolution
• Soft landing policy phases status
• Elections Board of Directors
2. Continued strengthening of a
secure, stable, open, and
continuously growing Internet.
• Security, Stability, Resilience
• IPv6 Deployment
• Training
3. Promoting and enriching a
participatory, bottom-up
Internet governance model.
• PDP, news and proposals
• Community Building
4. New Membership Fee
Schedule
• Nano category (allocations smaller than /22)
• New categories above XL (2XL, 3XL… for
organizations holding more than /12)
• ASN Assignment fee was decreased for the
categories Nano and Micro
5. Resource Management
Soft Landing Policy – Phase III
• Started in Feb 15th, 2017
– “No IPv4 allocations or assignments will be made
to organizations that have already been assigned
or allocated IPv4 resources by LACNIC or by the
organizations that preceded LACNIC in the
region currently serviced by LACNIC.”
• Maximum allocation size /22 (one time)
• Pool size (5 million addresses)
• This phase is expected to last 3 years
6. Resource transfers
• After policy 2.3.2.18 was implemented other transfers are
allowed
• Only intra-RIR transfers are permitted (Policy to allow
inbound inter-RIR transfers is being discussed in the policy
list).
• 15 transfers approved
http://www.lacnic.net/en/web/lacnic/transferencia
+/16
7. LACNIC Board of Directors
(2017 elections)
• 13 candidates from 10 different countries
were nominated.
Results:
• Gabriel Adonaylo (Argentina) renewed.
• Rosalía Morales (Costa Rica) was elected
for first time.
9. Security, Stability and
Resiliency Initiatives
• Security and stability for routing
– Resource Certification
• Trust Anchors Alignment (AKA “0/0”)
• RPKI outreach
– Promoting IXPs in the region
• DNS security and stability
– K-Root IPv6 enabled, global node @Montevideo,
UY
– I-Root instances being installed throughout the
region
• Paraguay just became active last week
10. Secure, Stable, Open and Resilient Internet.
Networks announcing IPv6 prefixes
(%ASN 20/Feb/2018)
• There are 6630
visible ASNs in the
region, 37% of which
are visible over IPv6
– They announce at
least one portion
of an IPv6 prefix
– Highest coverage
in the five regions
11. Secure, Stable, Open and Resilient Internet.
IPv6 Users per Country
• Several countries with growing
adoption rates
– UY ~29% (dominant operator deployed
IPv6 for all fixed broadband services)
– BR ~25% (continues growing steadily)
– TT, EC ~19%
– AR, BO, GT, MX ~ 5-7%
– DO ~ 1.5%
12. Training and Webinars
(People trained by topic in 2017)
CAMPUS LACNIC
1.039 students so far this
year, at the:
- IPv6 (basic) course
- IPv6 (advanced) course
- BGP+RPKI course
Number only for 2017.
Webinars & In-Person: 2.825
13. FRIDA
FRIDA is the regional fund for digital innovation.
In 2017, the fund received 312 applications for the three supports available →
Competitive selection process
Winning projects included: an IoT initiative for climate change and disaster
management in Dominica, an educational project that employs ICT in rural
Cuba and a Brazilian organization that works to create awareness about digital
rights of LGBTI communities in the LAC region.
In 2018, with support from LACNIC, IDRC and Internet Society, the program will
offer 3 grants and 3 awards for gender equality through ICT, Community
Networks and technical innovation for Internet Development.
16. Community Building
LACNIC on the Move 2017
• Guatemala (March 20 - 22)
Collaboration with ISOC Chapter Guatemala, Superintendencia de
Telecomunicaciones, Internet Society and the ICANN Roadshow –
150 participants, mainly from the local community.
• Guyana: Internet Week Guyana (October 9 -13)
activities organised by the Ministry of Public Telecommunications
(MOPT), CaribNOG, LACNIC, ISOC, ICANN, and CTU - 100
participants
• Medellín, Colombia (November 21-24)
Collaboration with MINTIC (Ministry of ICT) - 60 participants