LACNIC provided an update on their activities at APNIC 47 in South Korea in February 2019. They discussed three main topics: 1) excellence in internet number resource management including high customer satisfaction ratings and membership growth, the soft landing policy phases, and recent elections. 2) Continued efforts to strengthen a secure, stable, open, and growing internet through security initiatives, IPv6 deployment, and training. 3) Promoting participatory internet governance through policy discussions, community building events across Latin America and the Caribbean, and their annual LACNIC conference.
The Importance of adopting, implementing and following up IPv6 migration at a country/national Level. IPv6 preparedness is increasingly urgent and growth of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority pool for available IPv4 addresses is already exhausted.
The Presentation provide guidance of what the issues to consider when planning and monitoring an IPv6 migration managed by different stakeholders .
Isoc barriers to connectivity bishkek (28 april)ISOC-KG
Michael Kende, Chief Economist, ISOC.
Barriers to Internet availability and adoption. Interconnection, Access, and Infrastructure Analysis. Bishkek, 28 April 2015
The LEADERSHIP project aims at setting up a new approach to engage more actively and strategically in supporting dialogues and partnership building between Europe and Latin America, and ultimately at fostering EU-LAC cooperation in ICT research and innovation.
Its main objectives are:
To create the LAC-ICT Expert Group as a forum to provide recommendations to the EU-LAC political dialogue in ICT.
To set up and run Working Groups on:
Digital Agendas
Funding Mechanisms
ICT Regulations.
To identify ICT priorities for R&I cooperation
To provide input to the SOM ICT Working Group
To reinforce Latin America industrial cooperation in ICT, by enhancing interaction among research, industry and policy-makers.
To support the creation of networks of Living Labs through LAC and collaboration with the European Network of Living Labs.
Presented by Klée Aiken at the 54th Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Telecommunications and Information Working Group held in Kyoto, Japan from 31 October to 4 November.
MMNOG: Internet infrastructure comparisons in the Asia Pacific APNIC
Deputy Director General Sanjaya discusses how different networks within the region interconnect through the examination of different network topologies, and how Myanmar network operators can plan and grow the Internet in their economy at the first Myanmar Network Operators Group.
The Importance of adopting, implementing and following up IPv6 migration at a country/national Level. IPv6 preparedness is increasingly urgent and growth of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority pool for available IPv4 addresses is already exhausted.
The Presentation provide guidance of what the issues to consider when planning and monitoring an IPv6 migration managed by different stakeholders .
Isoc barriers to connectivity bishkek (28 april)ISOC-KG
Michael Kende, Chief Economist, ISOC.
Barriers to Internet availability and adoption. Interconnection, Access, and Infrastructure Analysis. Bishkek, 28 April 2015
The LEADERSHIP project aims at setting up a new approach to engage more actively and strategically in supporting dialogues and partnership building between Europe and Latin America, and ultimately at fostering EU-LAC cooperation in ICT research and innovation.
Its main objectives are:
To create the LAC-ICT Expert Group as a forum to provide recommendations to the EU-LAC political dialogue in ICT.
To set up and run Working Groups on:
Digital Agendas
Funding Mechanisms
ICT Regulations.
To identify ICT priorities for R&I cooperation
To provide input to the SOM ICT Working Group
To reinforce Latin America industrial cooperation in ICT, by enhancing interaction among research, industry and policy-makers.
To support the creation of networks of Living Labs through LAC and collaboration with the European Network of Living Labs.
Presented by Klée Aiken at the 54th Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Telecommunications and Information Working Group held in Kyoto, Japan from 31 October to 4 November.
MMNOG: Internet infrastructure comparisons in the Asia Pacific APNIC
Deputy Director General Sanjaya discusses how different networks within the region interconnect through the examination of different network topologies, and how Myanmar network operators can plan and grow the Internet in their economy at the first Myanmar Network Operators Group.
APNIC Director General Paul Wilson gives an update on APNIC's activities and new service initiatives at AIS 2018, held alongside AFRINIC 28 in Dakar, Senegal, from 29 April to 11 May 2018.
Strategic Engagement Director Pablo Hinojosa gives an update on APNIC's activities and new service initiatives at AFRINIC 29 in Hammamet, Tunisia from 26 to 30 November 2018.
Redes LTE Comunitárias no Brasil: Modelamento, Implantação e Manutenção Sustentáveis com base em Novos Paradigmas de Redes.
Projeto financiado pela FAPESP Processo: 18/23101-0
Resumo
Em relatório publicado pelo Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil (CGI.br) em 2018, em termos de acesso à Internet por banda larga no Brasil, há uma ampla desigualdade entre as classes econômicas A/B (maior) e D/E (menor), fato evidenciado nas análises entre as áreas urbanas e rural. Além de evidenciar que cerca de 34% dos brasileiros ainda não possuem acesso à Internet, o relatório também explica que o acesso à Internet é um catalisador de desenvolvimento social, econômico e tecnológico: fato consagrado em diversas pesquisas internacionais e enfatizado pela organização Internet Society. Redes sem fio comunitárias têm se tornado um meio sustentável de promover meios acessíveis de conexão à Internet,tanto em áreas rurais remotas quanto em regiões urbanas densas. Em sua ampla maioria, redes sem fio comunitárias adotam a tecnologia wifi, no entanto apenas recentemente, devido ao desenvolvimento de tecnologias de código livre e de baixo custo, o padrão Long-Term Evolution (LTE) começou a ser explorado para estes fins. Logo, não há conhecimento na literatura acadêmica de estudos que busquem utilizar e melhorar o padrão LTE aplicado à redes sem fio comunitárias. Nesse escopo, esta proposta busca trazer conceitos inovadores de novos paradigmas de redes, Redes Definidas por Software (Software Defined Networks -SDN) e Virtualização de Funções de Rede (Network Functions Virtualization - NFV), para o desenvolvimento de redes LTE comunitárias. Por meio de uma metodologia ágil de testes,conceitos de SDN e NFV serão aplicados no desenvolvimento de mecanismos que realizem o gerenciamento inteligente de recursos de redes LTE comunitárias visando desempenho eficiente e tolerância a falhas robusta, i.e., a sustentabilidade da rede. Todos estes estudos serão feitos tendo por base um levantamento de características de redes sem fio comunitárias em operação no Brasil proposto para o início do projeto. Ao final, a execução desta proposta irá produzir um material didático elucidando as formas de modelamento, implantação, e manutenção sustentável de uma rede LTE comunitária nos moldes dos estudos realizados por esta proposta (i.e., com todos os dados, avaliações, metodologias, e protótipos). Este material será utilizado como base de uma proposta de implantação de uma rede LTE comunitária no Brasil junto ao programa "Beyond the Net" da Internet Society.
Evento: https://www.lasse.ufpa.br/co5gam/
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dEb9oIAaPY
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
Registry Data Accuracy Improvements, presented by Chimi Dorji at SANOG 41 / I...APNIC
Chimi Dorji, Internet Resource Analyst at APNIC, presented on Registry Data Accuracy Improvements at SANOG 41 jointly held with INNOG 7 in Mumbai, India from 25 to 30 April 2024.
APNIC Policy Roundup, presented by Sunny Chendi at the 5th ICANN APAC-TWNIC E...APNIC
Sunny Chendi, Senior Advisor, Membership and Policy at APNIC, presents 'APNIC Policy Roundup' at the 5th ICANN APAC-TWNIC Engagement Forum and 41st TWNIC OPM in Taipei, Taiwan from 23 to 24 April.
DDoS In Oceania and the Pacific, presented by Dave Phelan at NZNOG 2024APNIC
Dave Phelan, Senior Network Analyst/Technical Trainer at APNIC, presents 'DDoS In Oceania and the Pacific' at NZNOG 2024 held in Nelson, New Zealand from 8 to 12 April 2024.
'Future Evolution of the Internet' delivered by Geoff Huston at Everything Op...APNIC
Geoff Huston, Chief Scientist at APNIC deliver keynote presentation on the 'Future Evolution of the Internet' at the Everything Open 2024 conference in Gladstone, Australia from 16 to 18 April 2024.
IP addressing and IPv6, presented by Paul Wilson at IETF 119APNIC
Paul Wilson, Director General of APNIC delivers a presentation on IP addressing and IPv6 to the Policymakers Program during IETF 119 in Brisbane Australia from 16 to 22 March 2024.
draft-harrison-sidrops-manifest-number-01, presented at IETF 119APNIC
Tom Harrison, Product and Delivery Manager at APNIC presents at the Registration Protocols Extensions working group during IETF 119 in Brisbane, Australia from 16-22 March 2024
Benefits of doing Internet peering and running an Internet Exchange (IX) pres...APNIC
Che-Hoo Cheng, Senior Director, Development at APNIC presents on the "Benefits of doing Internet peering and running an Internet Exchange (IX)" at the Communications Regulatory Commission of Mongolia's IPv6, IXP, Datacenter - Policy and Regulation International Trends Forum in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia on 7 March 2024
APNIC Update and RIR Policies for ccTLDs, presented at APTLD 85APNIC
APNIC Senior Advisor, Membership and Policy, Sunny Chendi presented on APNIC updates and RIR Policies for ccTLDs at APTLD 85 in Goa, India from 19-22 February 2024.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
2. Three Topics
1. Excellence in Internet Number
Resource Management
• Customer Satisfaction Survey 2018
• Membership evolution
• Soft landing policy phases status
• Resource Transfers
• Elections Board of Directors
• MiLACNIC
2. Continued strengthening of a
secure, stable, open, and
continuously growing Internet
• Security, Stability, Resilience
• IPv6 Deployment
• Training
3. Promoting and enriching a
participatory, bottom-up
Internet governance model
• PDP, news and proposals
• Community Building
4. Customer Satisfaction Survey
2018
• Conducted by MERCOPLUS
(an international consultancy
firm based in Montevideo,
Uruguay)
• 92% of customers are either
satisfied or very satisfied with
LACNIC
• 68% of respondents are very
satisfied with LACNIC
6. Resource Management
Soft Landing Policy – Phase III
• LACNIC entered Phase III on Feb 15th, 2017
– “No IPv4 allocations or assignments will be made
to organizations that have already been assigned
or allocated IPv4 resources by LACNIC or by the
organizations that preceded LACNIC in the region
currently serviced by LACNIC.”
• Maximum allocation size /22 (one time only)
• Current pool size is 2,3 million addresses.
• This phase is expected to end by middle
2020
7. Resource Transfers
• LACNIC policy proposal changing item 2.3.2.18 of the Policy
Manual was implemented
– Transfers that are not due to an M&A process are now allowed
– Only intra-RIR transfers are permitted ( inter-RIR proposal
being discussed)
• 33 transfers were approved during the last two years
• New Transfers Listing Service implemented in 2018
+/16
*Resource Transfers originated in M&A are not included in the charts
8. LACNIC Board of Directors
(2018 elections)
• 10 candidates from 8 different
countries were nominated.
Results:
• Alejandro Guzman was re-
elected.
• Esteban Lescano and Evandro
Varonil were elected for a first
term.
9. MiLACNIC
• MiLacnic is a customer Portal released in 2017
• Developed in-house, many modules have been
added during the last 2 year
• IP/ASN/rDNS admin, RPKI certificates, online
payment and account statements.
• Transfers listing Service
• Membership module (training and event
registration and activity reports, elections and
more)
11. Security, Stability and
Resiliency Initiatives
• Security and stability for routing
– Resource certification outreach
• DNS security and stability
– New root server copies (+RAICES):
+Raíces is a programme via which LACNIC, in partnership
with other organizations, sponsors DNS root server copies
throughout its service region
• Monterrey, MX (I)
• Panama City, PA (K)
12. Secure, Stable, Open and Resilient Internet.
Networks announcing IPv6 prefixes
(%ASN 12/Feb/2019)
• There are 7868
visible ASNs in the
region, 3198
(40.65%) of which
are announcing IPv6
prefixes.
• Highest coverage in
the five regions.
Source:
http://v6asns.ripe.net/v/6?s=_ALL;s=_RIR_LA
CNIC
13. Secure, Stable, Open and Resilient Internet.
IPv6 Users per Country
• Several countries with large
and/or growing adoption rates
– UY ~34%
– BR ~27%
– MX ~25%
– TT, EC, SX ~18%
– PE ~17%
– AR, BO, GT ~ 5-7%
– DO, BZ ~ 1.0%
14. Online Training 2018
Courses dictated:
- IPv6 Basic: 5
editions
- IPv6 Advanced: 3 editions
- BGP+RPKI: 3 editions
Webinars & LACNIC Campus
WEBINARS: People trained by topic LACNIC Campus: People trained
15. Routing Security Project
LACNIC and NIC.MX secured funding from the Open Technology Fund
for a project on Routing Security and Internet Freedom.
The goal is to strengthen Routing Security in LAC while raising
awareness about the impact of routing incidents on Internet Freedom.
As part of the project, LACNIC and NIC.MX will:
- Develop an RPKI Validator
- Promote the deployment of the Validator and RPKI in LAC
- Document routing incidents through the development of a tracking
tool
16. FRIDA
Current Focus
- Closing the Digital Gap through Community Networks
- Closing the Gender Divide in Technology
Projects supported in 2018
Community Networks
- Award to Atalaya Sur, urban Community Network in informal
settlements in Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Supported the promotion of enabling regulation and the creation of
3 Community Networks in Brazil and Colombia
Gender Divide
- Award to Wikimedia for hackathons to edit wikipedia with Gender
perspective and have more female editors in LAC.
- Award to Universidad de la República in Uruguay for efforts to
attract more women to careers in technology
- 2 additional grants in Chile and Colombia
More info: https://programafrida.net/en/
17. Ayitic Goes Global
http://www.ayitic.net/en/
Pilot program that seeks to increase women's
access to digital employment through capacity
building and the strengthening of Internet
infrastructure in Haiti. Funded by IDRC.
To date the program has trained 150 women, with graduation rate
of 86%. Goal is to train a total of 300 by June 2019. Graduates are
beginning to use online work platforms to generate an income.
In terms of strengthening Internet infrastructure, the program has:
- Trained 100 IT Professionals on Networking and Security. It will
train an addition 50 by June 2019.
- Reinforced the local IXP
- Supported IPV6 deployment in 2 local ISPs
- Promoted Internet Security in Haiti
18. Google/LACNIC Workshops
In 2018, LACNIC and Google trained 137 IT professionals in
Interconnection and IP Traffic in Trinidad and Tobago, Guatemala and
the Dominican Republic.
In Guatemala the workshop resulted in the creation of a NOG.
In the DR, the workshop supported ongoing talks for the creation of a
local IXP.
Skills building to center around
- Management aspects: benefits of local traffic, decision making,
trust building and business models.
- Technical aspects: IPv6, BGP, RPKI, best routing practices, open
standards and root servers.
As part of the project, LACNIC and Google also trained 171 Digital
Entrepreneurs.