This document summarizes previous research on the motivation, success factors, and challenges of entrepreneurs. It finds that personal and financial factors like independence, job security, and self-employment motivate entrepreneurs. Success factors include managerial skills, experience, family support, and reputation. Challenges include issues with the business environment, infrastructure, raw materials, and political instability. The document reviews literature on motivation, success factors, and challenges for entrepreneurs globally and in specific regions like Bangladesh, Ghana, Serbia, China, and India.
Role of Finance and Organizational Climate on Entrepreneurial Development amo...ijtsrd
Entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic growth and economic development. It is also a medium through which unemployment can be reduced and innovation can be promoted. It is a fact to say that entrepreneurship is a panacea for poverty reduction and eradication which is one of the cardinal eight point agenda of Millennium Development Goals. Entrepreneurship is seen as a key vehicle for employment creation, creation of economic wealth, and an essential means of enhancing the innovation dynamics in the local, regional and national economies Chris 2010 . Entrepreneurship provides a satisfying and rewarding working life, provides a flexible lifestyle and considerable business autonomy. It is becoming an increasingly important career option for unemployed people, secondary school and university graduates. At the national level, entrepreneurial activity contributes to economic growth and economic development Chris 2010 . Many researchers have written extensively on entrepreneurship and its effectiveness to the development of any given economy. Akanni 2008 further opined that the experiences of developed economies in relation to the roles played by entrepreneurship buttresses the fact that the significance of entrepreneurship cannot be overemphasize particularly among developing countries. In order to highlight its importance in relation to the growth and development of a given economy, entrepreneurship has been variously referred to as "source of economic growth". This is because entrepreneurial activities have been found to be capable of making positive impact on the economy of a nation and the quality of life of the people Adejumo, 2000 . Ojo Adeshina Akinwumi | Abifarin Olusola Michael | Dr. Okoklie Emmanuel Azuka "Role of Finance and Organizational Climate on Entrepreneurial Development among Selected Residents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30297.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/30297/role-of-finance-and-organizational-climate-on-entrepreneurial-development-among-selected-residents/ojo-adeshina-akinwumi
Mediating Role of Training on the relationship between MicroFinance Factors a...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Prospects and Threats of Women Entrepreneur in SME Sectors in Urban Area Bang...IOSRJBM
The aim of this paper is to explore the challenges faced by the women entrepreneur in Sylhet city as well as also exploring their prospects. Women also play a vital role for the growth of the economy especially in small and medium sector. The SME sector has higher growth rate than the industrial sector. It contributes big role for developing entrepreneurship and labor absorption. It also plays a vital role in economy and social development. it's contribute significantly for entrepreneurship development, employment generation and utilize the potentiality. Women in Bangladesh are still remaining vulnerable to poverty and social deprivation. Although the situation is now changing. A woman has to invest a lot of time for household work and child rearing but they are investing the extra time to business sector to support their family and also utilizing their hidden potentiality. A structure questionnaire has been used to collect data by survey and the target population is women entrepreneur in Sylhet city. This city has been choosing because a huge amount of remittance comes from abroad. In this study also try to find out the motivational factors that induce them to be entrepreneur. finally put some suggestion to minimize the challenges.
This study explains factors that influence enterprise creation among graduates within a public university in Malaysia.
The analysis of the data reflects the vision and mission of that university to promote entrepreneurial skills among its
student. This study recognises four factors that influence students starting a business after graduation. These factors
are; 1) individual's intention and characteristics, 2) family background, 3) culture and 4) financial resources.
Individual's intention and characteristics expedite enterprise creation, while family background presents students'
ability to participate in businesses. Culture draws upon cumulative knowledge, experience, belief and values that can
cultivate a person's thought and mindset, meanwhile, financial resources draw upon financial assistance made
available to students for starting-up enterprises. These factors were tested using regression coefficient, reliability and
descriptive methods. This is to ensure data received are legit and valid to use for this study.
Role of Finance and Organizational Climate on Entrepreneurial Development amo...ijtsrd
Entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic growth and economic development. It is also a medium through which unemployment can be reduced and innovation can be promoted. It is a fact to say that entrepreneurship is a panacea for poverty reduction and eradication which is one of the cardinal eight point agenda of Millennium Development Goals. Entrepreneurship is seen as a key vehicle for employment creation, creation of economic wealth, and an essential means of enhancing the innovation dynamics in the local, regional and national economies Chris 2010 . Entrepreneurship provides a satisfying and rewarding working life, provides a flexible lifestyle and considerable business autonomy. It is becoming an increasingly important career option for unemployed people, secondary school and university graduates. At the national level, entrepreneurial activity contributes to economic growth and economic development Chris 2010 . Many researchers have written extensively on entrepreneurship and its effectiveness to the development of any given economy. Akanni 2008 further opined that the experiences of developed economies in relation to the roles played by entrepreneurship buttresses the fact that the significance of entrepreneurship cannot be overemphasize particularly among developing countries. In order to highlight its importance in relation to the growth and development of a given economy, entrepreneurship has been variously referred to as "source of economic growth". This is because entrepreneurial activities have been found to be capable of making positive impact on the economy of a nation and the quality of life of the people Adejumo, 2000 . Ojo Adeshina Akinwumi | Abifarin Olusola Michael | Dr. Okoklie Emmanuel Azuka "Role of Finance and Organizational Climate on Entrepreneurial Development among Selected Residents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30297.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/30297/role-of-finance-and-organizational-climate-on-entrepreneurial-development-among-selected-residents/ojo-adeshina-akinwumi
Mediating Role of Training on the relationship between MicroFinance Factors a...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Prospects and Threats of Women Entrepreneur in SME Sectors in Urban Area Bang...IOSRJBM
The aim of this paper is to explore the challenges faced by the women entrepreneur in Sylhet city as well as also exploring their prospects. Women also play a vital role for the growth of the economy especially in small and medium sector. The SME sector has higher growth rate than the industrial sector. It contributes big role for developing entrepreneurship and labor absorption. It also plays a vital role in economy and social development. it's contribute significantly for entrepreneurship development, employment generation and utilize the potentiality. Women in Bangladesh are still remaining vulnerable to poverty and social deprivation. Although the situation is now changing. A woman has to invest a lot of time for household work and child rearing but they are investing the extra time to business sector to support their family and also utilizing their hidden potentiality. A structure questionnaire has been used to collect data by survey and the target population is women entrepreneur in Sylhet city. This city has been choosing because a huge amount of remittance comes from abroad. In this study also try to find out the motivational factors that induce them to be entrepreneur. finally put some suggestion to minimize the challenges.
This study explains factors that influence enterprise creation among graduates within a public university in Malaysia.
The analysis of the data reflects the vision and mission of that university to promote entrepreneurial skills among its
student. This study recognises four factors that influence students starting a business after graduation. These factors
are; 1) individual's intention and characteristics, 2) family background, 3) culture and 4) financial resources.
Individual's intention and characteristics expedite enterprise creation, while family background presents students'
ability to participate in businesses. Culture draws upon cumulative knowledge, experience, belief and values that can
cultivate a person's thought and mindset, meanwhile, financial resources draw upon financial assistance made
available to students for starting-up enterprises. These factors were tested using regression coefficient, reliability and
descriptive methods. This is to ensure data received are legit and valid to use for this study.
Impediments and Inducements to Youth Entrepreneurship Development in Sylhet R...IOSRJBM
The purpose of this paper is to explore and identify the key impediments and constraints that obstruct young people from starting and running a new venture and at the same time, inducements and stimuli that trigger youths to entrepreneurial activities. Data were collected from 80 young entrepreneurs of Sylhet, Bangladesh through a questionnaire gleaned from the literature review following a convenience and purposive sampling technique. Findings revealed, insufficient personal savings, high interest rate, and negative attitude of financial institutions to young entrepreneurs due to high default rate are the major impediments to obtaining start-up fund, being their own boss and earning more money are the prime inducements to engage in business. Parents and teachers influenced most to start business while financial risk reported as the most critical demotivator. Managing fund and fierce competition are main problems in running the business successfully. Lack of vocational education and training and inappropriate and inadequate curriculum and study programs are the key educational constraints, unsupportive tax regulations, complex business registration procedure are the leading administrative and regulatory barriers, dearth of information on available business support services and lack of training and business counseling are the major impediments of business support services. The implications of the study bear far-reaching ramifications to the concerned stakeholders for facilitating and encouraging youth entrepreneurship development by addressing the start-up constraints and problems
Gender Role in Performance of Small Scale Industry, Factors Affecting Women E...iosrjce
To identify the effect of the gender of owner on the small scale enterprise performance in Delhi (India)
is significant to investigate the relationship between gender and performance, and the difference in performance
between male owned and female owned businesses were stated. Using parametric statistical techniques
such as PLCC, the gender not only significantly effects the performance of the small business but shows a significant
difference in the levels of performance between male owned businesses and females owned businesses.
The National Foundation for Women Business Owners reported that between 1987 and 1994, the number of
women-owned businesses grew by 78% and women-owned firms accounted for 36% of all firms. Although the
growth in the number of women-owned businesses is encouraging, the size of such businesses remains small in
terms of both revenues and number of employees, especially in comparison to male-owned businesses quite often
because of the lack of financial .Women owners still face hard challenges in small scale industries and the
factors which influence the performance of female entrepreneur have been easily investigated by field study of
various small scale industries in disparate locations in Delhi and confronted with several policies recently formulated
for supporting the growth of small scale industry.
Bangladesh has enormous young women and productive workforce that will get an opportunity to involve in Small
and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector. This paper aims to investigate the factors that affect women involvement as
entrepreneur in SMEs sector, economic development and its impact on poverty reduction in Bangladesh. The study
adopts the quantitative analysis of possible factors that may affect women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs
sector, economic development and its impact on poverty reduction. By using Convenient Sampling Technique, the
data has been collected from 300 respondents. Data are analyzed using frequency, mean, standard deviation and
regression analysis. From the outcomes of descriptive statistics analysis, the study is found that business experience,
business plan, practical knowledge, security, interest & hobby, others business house profits, adequate capital,
business registration procedures, qualified leaders & trainers, and bank & financial institutions support are affected
women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs sector. From the results of regression analysis, this research is found
that economical, psychological, knowledge & skills, family, and legal & administrative as the essential factors,
which significantly affect women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs sector in Bangladesh. The research is
revealed that women entrepreneur, long-term business success and employment creation as the vital factors, which
notably affect economic development. The study is also revealed that economic development as the critical factor,
which considerably affects poverty reduction. This examination may contribute to these women entrepreneur issues.
The results of this investigation can be applied by government and non-government organization, public institutions,
rural development academy, policymakers and even researchers to inspire women involvement as entrepreneur in
SMEs sector. The researchers strongly expect that this investigation creates value to the literature because it uses a
conceptual framework to give explanation the factors that affect women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs
sector, economic development and its impact on poverty reduction in Bangladesh.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the difference of attitudes towards entrepreneurial intention (EI) of Agricultural graduates in agribusiness, this cannot be realized without harnessing the quality human resource base of the youth, especially graduates from agricultural faculties, Pakistani and Chinese Agril students used to identify the possible differences between potential entrepreneurs from these distinct national contexts. The data includes a set of agrarian universities being a surveyed (n= 640) was collected in 2016. The descriptive and binary logistic regression was employed to analyze through SPSS 25.00 to examine the effect of individual’s attitude on EI in agribusiness, independent variables comprise individual’s entrepreneurial network, perceived capabilities, ability to recognize business opportunities, risk perceptions as well as a range of socio-cultural attitudes. The findings support the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and individual’s attitude. Individual’s capability, opportunity recognition, networks and range of socio-cultural perceptions all influence EI significantly also, age, gender, the educational background of students, media motivation, attention, to self-realization, status, practical agricultural experience and risks perception were found to have a significant influence on students’ intention to take up agribusiness as a source of future self-employment avenue upon graduation.
The primary objective of the present study is to identify the constraints and problems faced by women entrepreneurs while starting and managing their enterprise in Jodhpur district of western Rajasthan. Women entrepreneurs in manufacturing, trading and servicing sector were selected .100 samples were selected through simple random sampling. Primary data was collected through interview schedule. Data collected was suitably tabulated and analyzed and further conclusions were drawn. This paper also suggests some measures on the part of government and other organizations supporting the growth of women entrepreneurship. Suggestions are also given for existing and potential women entrepreneurs.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Challenges of Small Scale Entrepreneurs in Dodoma Tanzaniainventionjournals
Small businesses irrefutably remain critical to the development of any nation’s economy as they are an excellent, source of employment creation, help in improvement of local skill, and extend aboriginal entrepreneurs. The small scale entrepreneurs who (either registered, unregistered, service or manufacturing or any other type) and have more than three years experience of entrepreneurship comprised the populace of the study. The method of convenience sampling was employed in arriving at the 100 Small firms. The major challenge could be lack of financial (Capital) resources. In the event funding institutions become flexible in their requirements for loan applications, respondents registered their willing to increase the number of their employees; the number of branches and willingness to accept specialized recommendation. In other ways, the only best way to help Small firm’s right of entry economic resources lies in the hands of funding institutions as acceptable and suggested by the best part of undersized entrepreneurs who submitted that the key determinants for seed resources attainment are: fair and low interest rates.
The Role of Governments as Relationship Mediation Between Social Capital and ...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An Investigation of the Impact of Social Capital for the Entrepreneurial Inte...ijtsrd
It is reported that individuals have less willingness to start their own business. Lack of entrepreneurial intentions impact adversely for the economic development of the country as entrepreneurship is a major source of employment generation and economic development. Thus, scholars emphasize on investigating the factors stimulating the interest of undergraduates to become an entrepreneur. Among the factors, social capital of individuals plays a vital role. On the above backdrop, present study was undertaken to understand the impact of social capital affecting the entrepreneurial intentions of the undergraduates involved in Business Administration and Entrepreneurship courses in Sri Lankan Universities. Findings of the study suggests that the number of social ties, trustworthy relationships and the social norms shared among the undergraduates within their community affect their willingness to start a new business. Thus, the study provides significant insights for the university administrators highlighting importance of facilitating a platform for the undergraduates to network with the fellow undergraduates. R H G W P K Henegedara | D G M P M Gamage "An Investigation of the Impact of Social Capital for the Entrepreneurial Intentions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25227.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/25227/an-investigation-of-the-impact-of-social-capital-for-the-entrepreneurial-intentions/r-h-g-w-p-k-henegedara
Impediments and Inducements to Youth Entrepreneurship Development in Sylhet R...IOSRJBM
The purpose of this paper is to explore and identify the key impediments and constraints that obstruct young people from starting and running a new venture and at the same time, inducements and stimuli that trigger youths to entrepreneurial activities. Data were collected from 80 young entrepreneurs of Sylhet, Bangladesh through a questionnaire gleaned from the literature review following a convenience and purposive sampling technique. Findings revealed, insufficient personal savings, high interest rate, and negative attitude of financial institutions to young entrepreneurs due to high default rate are the major impediments to obtaining start-up fund, being their own boss and earning more money are the prime inducements to engage in business. Parents and teachers influenced most to start business while financial risk reported as the most critical demotivator. Managing fund and fierce competition are main problems in running the business successfully. Lack of vocational education and training and inappropriate and inadequate curriculum and study programs are the key educational constraints, unsupportive tax regulations, complex business registration procedure are the leading administrative and regulatory barriers, dearth of information on available business support services and lack of training and business counseling are the major impediments of business support services. The implications of the study bear far-reaching ramifications to the concerned stakeholders for facilitating and encouraging youth entrepreneurship development by addressing the start-up constraints and problems
Gender Role in Performance of Small Scale Industry, Factors Affecting Women E...iosrjce
To identify the effect of the gender of owner on the small scale enterprise performance in Delhi (India)
is significant to investigate the relationship between gender and performance, and the difference in performance
between male owned and female owned businesses were stated. Using parametric statistical techniques
such as PLCC, the gender not only significantly effects the performance of the small business but shows a significant
difference in the levels of performance between male owned businesses and females owned businesses.
The National Foundation for Women Business Owners reported that between 1987 and 1994, the number of
women-owned businesses grew by 78% and women-owned firms accounted for 36% of all firms. Although the
growth in the number of women-owned businesses is encouraging, the size of such businesses remains small in
terms of both revenues and number of employees, especially in comparison to male-owned businesses quite often
because of the lack of financial .Women owners still face hard challenges in small scale industries and the
factors which influence the performance of female entrepreneur have been easily investigated by field study of
various small scale industries in disparate locations in Delhi and confronted with several policies recently formulated
for supporting the growth of small scale industry.
Bangladesh has enormous young women and productive workforce that will get an opportunity to involve in Small
and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector. This paper aims to investigate the factors that affect women involvement as
entrepreneur in SMEs sector, economic development and its impact on poverty reduction in Bangladesh. The study
adopts the quantitative analysis of possible factors that may affect women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs
sector, economic development and its impact on poverty reduction. By using Convenient Sampling Technique, the
data has been collected from 300 respondents. Data are analyzed using frequency, mean, standard deviation and
regression analysis. From the outcomes of descriptive statistics analysis, the study is found that business experience,
business plan, practical knowledge, security, interest & hobby, others business house profits, adequate capital,
business registration procedures, qualified leaders & trainers, and bank & financial institutions support are affected
women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs sector. From the results of regression analysis, this research is found
that economical, psychological, knowledge & skills, family, and legal & administrative as the essential factors,
which significantly affect women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs sector in Bangladesh. The research is
revealed that women entrepreneur, long-term business success and employment creation as the vital factors, which
notably affect economic development. The study is also revealed that economic development as the critical factor,
which considerably affects poverty reduction. This examination may contribute to these women entrepreneur issues.
The results of this investigation can be applied by government and non-government organization, public institutions,
rural development academy, policymakers and even researchers to inspire women involvement as entrepreneur in
SMEs sector. The researchers strongly expect that this investigation creates value to the literature because it uses a
conceptual framework to give explanation the factors that affect women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs
sector, economic development and its impact on poverty reduction in Bangladesh.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the difference of attitudes towards entrepreneurial intention (EI) of Agricultural graduates in agribusiness, this cannot be realized without harnessing the quality human resource base of the youth, especially graduates from agricultural faculties, Pakistani and Chinese Agril students used to identify the possible differences between potential entrepreneurs from these distinct national contexts. The data includes a set of agrarian universities being a surveyed (n= 640) was collected in 2016. The descriptive and binary logistic regression was employed to analyze through SPSS 25.00 to examine the effect of individual’s attitude on EI in agribusiness, independent variables comprise individual’s entrepreneurial network, perceived capabilities, ability to recognize business opportunities, risk perceptions as well as a range of socio-cultural attitudes. The findings support the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and individual’s attitude. Individual’s capability, opportunity recognition, networks and range of socio-cultural perceptions all influence EI significantly also, age, gender, the educational background of students, media motivation, attention, to self-realization, status, practical agricultural experience and risks perception were found to have a significant influence on students’ intention to take up agribusiness as a source of future self-employment avenue upon graduation.
The primary objective of the present study is to identify the constraints and problems faced by women entrepreneurs while starting and managing their enterprise in Jodhpur district of western Rajasthan. Women entrepreneurs in manufacturing, trading and servicing sector were selected .100 samples were selected through simple random sampling. Primary data was collected through interview schedule. Data collected was suitably tabulated and analyzed and further conclusions were drawn. This paper also suggests some measures on the part of government and other organizations supporting the growth of women entrepreneurship. Suggestions are also given for existing and potential women entrepreneurs.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Challenges of Small Scale Entrepreneurs in Dodoma Tanzaniainventionjournals
Small businesses irrefutably remain critical to the development of any nation’s economy as they are an excellent, source of employment creation, help in improvement of local skill, and extend aboriginal entrepreneurs. The small scale entrepreneurs who (either registered, unregistered, service or manufacturing or any other type) and have more than three years experience of entrepreneurship comprised the populace of the study. The method of convenience sampling was employed in arriving at the 100 Small firms. The major challenge could be lack of financial (Capital) resources. In the event funding institutions become flexible in their requirements for loan applications, respondents registered their willing to increase the number of their employees; the number of branches and willingness to accept specialized recommendation. In other ways, the only best way to help Small firm’s right of entry economic resources lies in the hands of funding institutions as acceptable and suggested by the best part of undersized entrepreneurs who submitted that the key determinants for seed resources attainment are: fair and low interest rates.
The Role of Governments as Relationship Mediation Between Social Capital and ...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An Investigation of the Impact of Social Capital for the Entrepreneurial Inte...ijtsrd
It is reported that individuals have less willingness to start their own business. Lack of entrepreneurial intentions impact adversely for the economic development of the country as entrepreneurship is a major source of employment generation and economic development. Thus, scholars emphasize on investigating the factors stimulating the interest of undergraduates to become an entrepreneur. Among the factors, social capital of individuals plays a vital role. On the above backdrop, present study was undertaken to understand the impact of social capital affecting the entrepreneurial intentions of the undergraduates involved in Business Administration and Entrepreneurship courses in Sri Lankan Universities. Findings of the study suggests that the number of social ties, trustworthy relationships and the social norms shared among the undergraduates within their community affect their willingness to start a new business. Thus, the study provides significant insights for the university administrators highlighting importance of facilitating a platform for the undergraduates to network with the fellow undergraduates. R H G W P K Henegedara | D G M P M Gamage "An Investigation of the Impact of Social Capital for the Entrepreneurial Intentions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25227.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/25227/an-investigation-of-the-impact-of-social-capital-for-the-entrepreneurial-intentions/r-h-g-w-p-k-henegedara
China - Opportunities, Threats, Success and Failuretutor2u
This revision presentation highlights the key opportunities and threats faced by firms outside China looking to do business in and with China. It also provides examples of businesses that have succeeded in China and those that have struggled!
Entrepreneurship is considered as a source of wealth creation, economic growth, social progress, and technological development. The current paper seeks to shed light on obstacles that are impeding business creators to start their businesses. To identify the observed constraints, we developed a questionnaire that we addressed to 120 new entrepreneurs drawing on the theoretical and empirical literature. The application of factor analysis has revealed that business creators’ decision to launch their ventures is hindered mainly by the following factors: lack of managerial and business skills, poor training programs, and risk aversion. The study also suggests some recommendations to alleviate obstacles facing new entrepreneurs when deciding to launch their projects
Women play a pivotal role in accelerating the socio-economic development of a country and thereby
contribute towards the upliftment of the living standard of its people. An entrepreneur is a creator or a designer
who designs new ideas and processes of business as per the requirements of market and bears all types of risks
involved in an enterprise, organizes various inputs or factors of production and innovates news ideas, concepts,
strategies and methodology in business from time to time. The present paper aims to examine the impediments
faced by women entrepreneurs and study schemes and initiatives undertaken by the government of India for the
betterment of women entrepreneurs.
ABSTRACT
This paper examined the impact of human and financial capital on the performance of women entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The study used quantitative method. The analyse data results indicated that on the negative value, human capital has an impact on the business performance while financial capital on the positive value makes a major impact on business performance. The overall contribution is that women entrepreneurs have a vital role in a country’s economic growth and development.
Keywords: Women Entrepreneurs, Human Capital, Financial Capital, SMEs
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
The Relevance of Working Capital, Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The development of the number of micro and small business actors in Indonesia is very fast,
but currently Micro, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises are still in the small business zone and have
limitations to be developed. This research is oriented towards examining the relevance of working capital,
literacy and financial inclusion in explaining the financial performance and business sustainability of Micro,
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. A total of 310 MSMEs spread across 26 business groups were used as
the unit of analysis of the 1,382 MSMEs in Makassar City. The results of the analysis of structural equation
modeling with AMOS show that effective and efficient working capital management makes a real contribution
to efforts to improve financial performance. On the other hand, it is an interesting fact that business actors'
financial literacy and inclusion have an impact on their low financial performance. Culinary business actors in
their implementation have high working capital so that it has an impact on the high level of business
sustainability. In a direct relationship, it is also found that business actors have financial literacy so that it is not
able to increase business sustainability. This condition is also found in financial inclusion. MSMEs are proven
to be able to produce high financial performance so that it has an impact on a high level of business
sustainability. Relevance does not directly provide evidence if high working capital is proven as a trigger for
business sustainability through financial performance. Different results are shown in the relevance of financial
literacy and financial inclusion which based on the findings are not proven as a driver of business sustainability
through financial performance.
KEYWORDS - Financial literacy, inclusion, performance, sustainability, working capital
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
this gives a edp in india
all the details regarding the growth of entrerpreneurship devolopment is available in this project.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The focus of this research was to establish the effect of entrepreneurship Ecosystem in inculcating
entrepreneurial propensity for community development. Promotion of entrepreneurship in Kenya has existed
ever since independence. The Government has shown tremendous support to entrepreneurship growth. The
Government have channelled financial support through funding such as Women Enterprise fund, Youth
Enterprise Fund and Uwezo Fund
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Labour Incentives and Organisational Growth of Public Corporations in Rivers ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study investigated labour incentives and organisatonal growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. The study adopted a descriptive survey and correlational design. The population of the study was 202 staff of Tide Newspaper Corporation and 176 staff of Radio Rivers Corporation in Rivers State, making the total of 376 respondents from two corporations. The sample size of the study was 194 respondents selected from the two 2 public corporations. A purposive sampling technique was adopted for the study. The study adopted a questionnaire titled,‘Labour Incentives and Organisational Growth in Rivers State Public Corporation LIOGRSPC . The instrument was validated by two experts in Measurement and Evaluation. The reliability index of the instrument was calculated using Cronbach Alpha, and it gave 0.68. Data collected from the field were analysed using Mean and Standard Deviation for the research questions, while regression was used to test the significance level of the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variables. The study revealed that there exists a significant positive relationship between financial incentive, staff promotion incentive, and staff human capacity development and organizational growth in Rivers State Public Corporation. The study, therefore, recommended that positive efforts being made to further enhance organizational growth in the corporations. Orlu Chukwuemeka "Labour Incentives and Organisational Growth of Public Corporations in Rivers State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38699.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/38699/labour-incentives-and-organisational-growth-of-public-corporations-in-rivers-state/orlu-chukwuemeka
Barriers to Development and Progress of Entreprenurs: Case of Lesothopaperpublications3
Abstract: This paper gives an analysis on the barriers to development and progress of entrepreneurs in Lesotho. It adopts the use of primary data which was collected through personal interview with structured questionnaire and direct observations. The results reveal that all entrepreneurs regardless of gender are equally faced with economic barriers which comprise lack of finance and problems of markets. Furthermore, the socio-cultural factors which involve negative view of society towards women and individual familial factors especially family problems basically affect women; these could be attributed to the fact that women are liable for domestic responsibilities in their families. However, structural barriers are observed to have an insignificant impact on development and progress of Lesotho entrepreneurs. Following these findings, through trade organizations, the government could assist in supporting the establishment of mentoring networks facilitating the development of the emerging entrepreneurs, as well as providing training workshops on women empowerment. Also, mechanisms to support entrepreneurs and assist them in gaining access to international markets should be developed.
DETERMINANTS OF SMALL BUSINESS PERFORMANCE IN OYE LOCAL GOVERNMENT, EKITI STA...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This study was design to access the factors determining the performance of small and medium
enterprises (SMEs) in Oye Local Government, Ekiti State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred (100) questionnaires
were administered to respondents of which one hundred fifty (100) were also returned.Descriptive survey design
was used for the study. The population of the study is one thousand two hundred and forty (1, 240), a sample
size of one hundred (100). From the strata, random selection technique was applied in choosing the number that
will represent the sample size. Data were generated using questionnaire. Data collected were presented in tables
and analyzed using descriptive statistical tool was used to analyze the data collected. The results of the analysis
show that both financial and technological determinants are significant while infrastructural determinants were
not. It is recommended that government should improve on the infrastructural facilities in the local government
to improve the performance of the SMEs.
KEYWORDS: SMEs, Determinants, Performances
Similar to Motivation, success factors and challenges of entrepreneurs in khulna city of bangladesh (20)
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Accpac to QuickBooks Conversion Navigating the Transition with Online Account...PaulBryant58
This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to
effectively manage the convert Accpac to QuickBooks , with a particular focus on utilizing online accounting services to streamline the process.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Skye Residences | Extended Stay Residences Near Toronto Airportmarketingjdass
Experience unparalleled EXTENDED STAY and comfort at Skye Residences located just minutes from Toronto Airport. Discover sophisticated accommodations tailored for discerning travelers.
Website Link :
https://skyeresidences.com/
https://skyeresidences.com/about-us/
https://skyeresidences.com/gallery/
https://skyeresidences.com/rooms/
https://skyeresidences.com/near-by-attractions/
https://skyeresidences.com/commute/
https://skyeresidences.com/contact/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-and-balcony/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-king-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
#Skye Residences Etobicoke, #Skye Residences Near Toronto Airport, #Skye Residences Toronto, #Skye Hotel Toronto, #Skye Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Near Toronto Airport Accommodation, #Suites Near Toronto Airport, #Etobicoke Suites Near Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Pearson International Airport, #Toronto Airport Suite Rentals, #Pearson Airport Hotel Suites
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
Filing Your Delaware Franchise Tax A Detailed Guide
Motivation, success factors and challenges of entrepreneurs in khulna city of bangladesh
1. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.16, 2013
148
Motivation, Success Factors and Challenges of Entrepreneurs in
Khulna City of Bangladesh
Md. Reaz Uddin1
Tarun Kanti Bose2*
1. Business Administration Discipline, Khulna University, PO box 9208, Khulna, Bangladesh
2. Business Administration Discipline, Khulna University, PO box 9208, Khulna, Bangladesh
* E-mail of the corresponding author: tarun84ku @yahoo.com
Abstract
Bangladesh is a high densely populated country where creating employment opportunity is a great challenge.
Development of entrepreneurship can be a positive advancement in this regard because of its recognized role of
creating sufficient scope of employment. Considering this significance, this study has put a great stride to
identify motivation, success factors and the challenges of entrepreneurs in Khulna City of Bangladesh. Data were
collected from entrepreneurs running business in this city using structured questionnaires developed based on
previous studies. Factor analysis was applied first to find the factors associated with motivation, success and
challenges of entrepreneurs and later multiple regression technique was used to identify the factors which are
statistically significant. This study has found independence, personal and family security, self employment and
intrinsic factors are associated with motivation where independence, personal and family security, and self
employment are statistically significant. Business environment, policy issues, infrastructure, raw materials,
political instability and costs of equipment are found linked with challenges of entrepreneurs in Khulna city
where business environment, infrastructure, and raw material are statistically significant. It has been identified
that managerial capability, experience and training, family support and honesty, social network, and price and
location are success factors. Managerial capability, experience and training, family support and honesty are
significant statistically.
Keywords: Motivation, Success, Challenge, Entrepreneurs
1. Introduction
Bangladesh is an underdeveloped country which is familiar for her high density of population. This country has
been struggling since its independence in 1971 to be economically developed but this has not been achieved.
Still substantial number of people live below the line of poverty. This country is highly characterized by
dependence on agriculture. More than 80 percent of population directly or indirectly depends on agriculture for
their livelihood that results in low standard of living. It is true that mere dependence on agriculture is can hardly
generate huge income opportunities which are a must for country like Bangladesh. Such opportunities can
improve living standard and expedite existing economic development. Industrialization particularly agro based
can be a good alternative which needs contributions of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs have been recognized for
the significant role they play in sustainable economic development (O’Neil and Viljeon, 2001).
Usually a country has different resources like natural, human and others. The only resource that is difficult to
imitate and could offer strategic benefits is human resource. Human resource has been indentified not only as a
major growth determinant and a channel to ease poverty but it is also very important in building or improving the
quality of human beings in general (Kasim et al, 2010). A county can enjoy competitive advantage by putting his
resources either natural or human in productive use. This requires creation of sufficient scope for employing this
resource at right place and at right time. Otherwise, this resource may turn into a burden for a country what is
appearing in Bangladesh. This country needs to identify ways of utilizing her resources in most fruitful fashion.
The best alternative is generating and nurturing a robust entrepreneurial culture. It is well known globally that
entrepreneurship is considered a growth engine for its phenomena of creating huge employment opportunities.
Potential contribution of entrepreneurship development to employment and income has been generally
recognized (Okpara and Wynn, 2007).
2. Literature Review
Entrepreneurship is considered as an engine of growth for an economy. Substantial number of researcher is
concentrating on how to capitalize existing entrepreneurial endeavor and make it robust. The best way would be
to know what motivates them, what challenges them to take further initiatives and what makes their efforts
successful. Many researchers have identified factors associated with motivation, success and challenges of
entrepreneurs.
2.1 Motivation
Saffu, Apori, and Elijah-Mensah (2009) worked to identify motivation and challenges of livestock entrepreneurs
of Ghana. Working on three hundred farmers, they found that some personal, employment and financial factors
2. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.16, 2013
149
motivated those most to be an entrepreneur. They considered financial factor as dominant. They also identified
that poor animal health, business management, market, external and input factors are the key challenges of
livestock farming business in Ghana. Stefanović (2011) studied on the SME entrepreneurs of Serbia identified
factors motivate them to do their business. Applying factor analysis approach, he found fours factors affect
motivation of entrepreneurs which are business achievement, independence, intrinsic and job security factors.
They concluded that these factors are generic worldwide although differences appear based on local environment.
Some studies focus on the motivation of male and female to be an entrepreneur. Raman (2008) classified
motivational factors as economic core, work core, social core, individual and entrepreneurial. Women
entrepreneurs are believed to be motivated highly for work core which includes inner tendency to explore one
potentiality and to do something creative and innovative. Zhu and Chu (2010) working on female entrepreneurs
in Chine indentified three factors which are perusal growth, family and income-job. They found income-job
factor is the most important motivational factors for Chinese entrepreneurs. They emphasize on extrinsic
components that intrinsic.
2.2 Success Factors
Like motivation factors, it is equally important to know what factors contribute success of entrepreneurs. The
most common factors believed to have impacts on success are hard work, skill and expertise. Nonetheless,
researchers have found other factors connected with success of entrepreneurs. Rose, Kumar, Yin (2006)
suggested human capital, competencies, government support program, personal initiatives are the key to the
success of entrepreneurs. They indentified that personal initiative bears more importance to make the endeavors
of entrepreneurs successful.
Mehralizadeh and Sajady (2006) worked on small business firms to identify the determinants of their success
and failure. They found number of issues and believed to have contribution on the performance of entrepreneurs
in business which are suitable managing technical skills, selecting appropriate personnel with relevant skills,
education and paying more attention to personnel training, application of management conceptual skills,
financial issues, better human relation, recognize the economic situation, planning and organizing of their
business and informal issues. Mokhbul and Hasun (2011) investigated the relationships between entrepreneurial
factors and entrepreneurial success. By mean analysis, they found religious duty/honesty factor is the most
significant factor contributes the success of entrepreneurs. They also confirmed that ability of entrepreneurs to
access information, their leadership styles, and their support from others are also significant for making
performance high. Robichaud, Cachon, and Haq (2010) suggested reputation for honesty, good customer service,
hard work, and friendliness and charisma are important for successful entrepreneurial endeavor.
2.3 Challenges
The journey of entrepreneurs is not smooth. They frequently need to tackle various challenges that sometime
jeopardize their endeavor. Successful management of those obstacles brings momentum in their efforts. Those
challenges originate from internal as well as external environment. Ahmad and Xavier (2012) investigated the
environment of entrepreneurship development and indentified several variables obstruct entrepreneurial efforts
which are inadequate financial support, bureaucracy and inconsistency of government policies, lack of
entrepreneurial education at tertiary level and inadequacy of entrepreneurial training. Chowdhury (2007)
identified political instability, corruption, lack of infrastructure facilities, education and training, lack of financial
help are the key barriers of entrepreneurship development in developing nations. Entrepreneurship development
also gets affected by motivational and legal barriers. Nawaser, Shakhsian, Jahanshahi (2011) considered
financial risk and fear of proper management of business are the key motivational barriers. They found legal
barriers as bank regulations, documentation for loan, environmental rules and regulations. They concluded that
motivational barriers have more deadly effect in entrepreneurship failing that legal. It is very common in Asia
that starting business is not welcomed in family and even in society. Santhi and Kumar (2011) commented that
the key challenge is to convince the family first for starting a business in India because of its inherent risk
unlikely to business which is risk free. Some other barriers, they identified, are acceptance in society, adaptation
of new technology, managing finance and government policy. Shahidi and Smagulova (2008) described
innovation and opportunity challenges of an entrepreneur which are persistence in the face of adversity,
managing unpredictable events, leveraging learning outcome usually from failure, taking practical and rational
pursuits of the goals.
3. Objectives
This study has been conducted based on the following objectives:
a) To identify the factors affect motivation of entrepreneurs
b) To find out the factors lead entrepreneurs to be successful
c) To screen out the challenges entrepreneurs face
3. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.16, 2013
150
4. Methodology
This study was conducted with the intention to indentify motivation, success factors and challenges
entrepreneurs face in Khulna City, Bangladesh. Data were collected from the entrepreneurs who were selected
on a convenience basis. 140 entrepreneurs were interviewed by the students studying Research Methodology
course using structured questionnaires. From where 128 questionnaires were found flawless thus used for data
analysis applying factor analysis, regression and some other descriptive tools. The questionnaire was constructed
based on previous research consisted with four sections. The first section was designed to collect general
information about the entrepreneurs. Questions are set at the second section to screen out what are the
motivational factors of entrepreneurs. In part three and four, questions are structured to know about success
factors and underlying challenges of entrepreneurs in Khulna City. Statistical package SPSS 15 was used for data
analysis.
Factor analysis was applied to determine whether motivations, success, problems variables group together on
significant factors. Keiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (Kaiser, 1970; Kaiser, 1974) and
Bartlett’s test of Sphericity (Bartlett, 1954) were used for the justification factor analysis. Principal component
analysis and component matrix were used to establish factors. Factor loading was identified using a principal
component analysis extraction method with a varimax with Kaiser Normalization rotation. Multiple regression
techniques were used to identify statistically significant factors.
5. Result and Discussion
5.1 Motivation
There were 13 dimensions to the motivation variables which loaded on four factors (Table 1). Kaiser-Meyer-
Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy is 0.764 which is more the middling and close to meritorious
(George and Mallery, 2008). This indicates that factor analysis was appropriate. Bartlett’s test of sphericity with
significance (.000) means the relationship among the variables was strong. The cumulative percentage of
variance is 60.813.
(Insert Table 1 and 2 here)
The first factor is referred as independence signifies that the motivation arises from the intention to work
independently. The statement loaded the highest is ‘to prove I can do it’ which clearly represents strong
willingness of entrepreneurs to work for proving his ability. Entrepreneurs believe that they will be motivated if
they get opportunities utilize their experience and training. Besides, they are not intended to work under control
of others which reflect their tenacity to work with full freedom. This factor explains 19.16 percent of variance.
The second factor titled as personal and family security. It reveals that entrepreneurs are highly motivated to do
business locally to remain close to their family. Besides, they believe that doing a business is secured from
income and job point of views. Therefore, both motivate them to engage in entrepreneurial activities. This factor
explains 15.246 per cent of variation. The third factor affects motivation of entrepreneurs is self employment.
Individuals tend to engage in business for proper utilization of resources inherited from family or other sources.
This factor explains 13.328 percent of variation. The fourth factor is referred to as intrinsic. Entrepreneurs are
motivated to get public recognition as well as personal gain and satisfaction. This factor explains 13.079 percent
of variation. The results of regression statistics of motivation factor are presented in table 2 where R square is
0.246 indicating that 24.6 percent variation in motivation of entrepreneurs can be explained by the independent
variables. Regression model shows a good fit with F value 8.951 (p<.01). Independence, family and security, and
resource utilization are found statistically significant in explaining the motivation of entrepreneurs in Khulna
City.
5.2 Success Factors
There were 18 dimensions to the success factors which loaded on five factors (Table 3). Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin
(KMO) measure of sampling adequacy is 0.77 which is more the middling and close to meritorious (George and
Mallery, 2008). This indicates that factor analysis was appropriate. Bartlett’s test of sphericity with significance
(.000) means the relationship among the variables was strong. The cumulative percentage of variance is 66.659
(Insert Table 3 and 4 here)
The first factor is referred to as managerial capabilities which accounts for the success of entrepreneurial venture.
This factor explains the highest percentage of total variance which is 18.34. Managerial abilities are believed to
have high degree of contribution to be a successful entrepreneur. Such capabilities strengthen entrepreneurs how
to manage employees, customers, and other administrative function which are considered cornerstone of the
greater success for an enterprise. Business experience and training is the second important factor believed to
ensure success of entrepreneurs. Experience of dealing with previous events guides to manage potential threats
of business with necessary caution. Training is conductive to upgrade skills regularly required to respond
external changes successfully. This factor accounts for 17.12 percent of total variance.
4. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.16, 2013
151
Third factor considered important for the success of entrepreneurs is family support and honesty. Risks and
uncertainties are inherent in entrepreneurial journey. An entrepreneur expects close company and sympathy of
family to manage a great of risks and uncertainties. Besides, honesty is a must for strengthening relationships
with suppliers, customers and other parties involved with business. This factor explains 9.805 percent of total
variance. Social networking affects the success of entrepreneurs. This factor accounts for explaining 9.077
percent of total variance. Success of an entrepreneur depends on the extent of his or her involvement in
community as well as political activities. Price and location is the last success factor of entrepreneurs in Khulna
city. Success depends on how competitively an entrepreneur is charging price of his or her offerings. Besides,
location of business affects the success. This factor explains 7.61 percent of total variance. Table 4 describes the
regression statistics of success factors of entrepreneurs. Here R square is 0.376 indicating that 37.6 percent
variation in the success of entrepreneurs can be explained by the independent variables. Regression model shows
a good fit with F value 12.761 (p<.01). Managerial capabilities, experience and training, family supports and
honesty are found statistically significant in explaining the success of entrepreneurs in Khulna City.
5.3 Challenges
There were 24 dimensions to the variables related with challenges which loaded on six factors (Table 5). Kaiser-
Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy is 0.821which is meritorious (George and Mallery, 2008).
This indicates that factor analysis was appropriate. Bartlett’s test of sphericity with significance (.000) means the
relationship among the variables was strong. The cumulative percentage of variance was 70.503.
(Insert Table 5 and 6 here)
The first factor is referred as business environment. Entrepreneurs in Khulna City think that overall environment
particularly the external poses challenge for conducting business in this city. Business environment is
characterized by the absence of research and development, accurate industry data, technology. Besides,
unbridled corruption and bureaucracy of authority are also evident in this city. The second factor is titled as
policy problem. This problem centers on absence of necessary guidelines and directions concerning subsidies
offered by government, interest rate, competition created by large industries. This factor accounts for 15.97
percent of total variation.
Third factor is identified as infrastructure. Sufficient infrastructural facilities are absent in this city which they
think problem for the expansion of entrepreneurs. Besides, absences of credit facilities, training opportunity,
availability of skilled labors obstruct the desired advancement of entrepreneurship. This factor explains 11.523
percent of total variation. Fourth factor is tilted scarcity of raw materials which explains 8.759 percent of total
variation. It reveals that entrepreneurs face insufficiency of raw materials what they need for running their
business. Besides, they also suffer for adequate managerial skills which they consider constraints for intended
improvement.
Political instability is the next factor explains 7.33 percent of total variation. Frequent hartals, strike and other
destructive political movement always endanger their business. Granting license takes long time and involves
unexpected expenses due to complex administrative entanglement which discourages entrepreneurs for new
initiatives. The last factor is high cost of equipment which raises daily costs of business. Besides, business sites
are not convenient for further expansion. 6.425 percent of total variation is explained by this factor. The results
of regression statistics of problems are described in table 6 where the value of R square is .342 indicating that
34.2 percent variation of the problems faced by entrepreneurs in Khulna city is explained by these independent
variables. Regression model shows a good fit with F value 10.289 (p<.01). Business environment, infrastructure,
availability of raw materials are found statistically significant.
6. Findings and Discussion
This study has found number of factors associated with motivation, success, and challenges of entrepreneurs in
Khulna city of Bangladesh. Motivational factors are independence, family and security, utilization of inherited
resources and intrinsic item. From these factors independence, family and security, utilization of inherited
resources are found statistically significant. Similar finding are identified in other studies. Schwartz (1976) in his
study on twenty female entrepreneurs found desire to be independent as one of many motivational factors. Carter
et al. (2003) commented that perhaps the most popular reason for starting a new business is individual’s
intention to earn more money and achieve financial security.
Success factors are managerial capability, experience and training, family support and honest, social network,
price and location. Findings show that managerial capabilities, experience and training, family supports and
honesty are statistically significant. Success of entrepreneurial venture depends of managerial skills and
competencies. Entrepreneurs who have the necessary competencies especially in the area of operations, finance,
marketing and human resources, and management skills required for the business are more likely to be
successful at start-up (Prahalad & Hamel, 1990; Swiercz & Spencer, 1992). Lack of managerial skills and
competencies result in failure in business (O’Neill & Duker, 1986; Terpstra & Olson, 1993). Social network is
5. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.16, 2013
152
found as a factor associated with success of an entrepreneur which is not significant statistically. This finding is
also similar to the finding of research conducted by Bruerderl and Preisendoerfer (1998). They found that social
network support is related to both, survival and growth of newly founded companies. Makhbl (2011) found that
religious duty/ honesty factor is perceived to be the best factor influencing entrepreneurial success compared to
others factors.
Entrepreneurs in Khulna city face number of challenges which are business environment, policy issues,
infrastructure, raw material, political instability and costs of equipment. Business environment, infrastructure
and raw material are found statistically significant. Some of these factors are consistent with previous research
findings. Infrastructure facility is miserable in most rural areas of Bangladesh (Parvin et al., 2012). Saxena (2012)
found procurement of raw materials is tough tasks for entrepreneurs.
7. Conclusion
This study has put a great effort to delve into the motivation, success factor and challenges of entrepreneurs in
Khulna city of Bangladesh. The findings of this study have implications for entrepreneurs as well as the policy
makers who work for the improvement of entrepreneurs. This cannot be said that factors associated with
motivation, success and challenges will appear similar everywhere. These differences revel due to regional
(Armington and Acs, 2002), political systems and the economic policies (Zimmerman and Chu, 2010). Many
motivational factors like meeting family needs, initiating social relations (Ufuk & Ozgen, 2001), reduce poverty,
reversing deteriorating economic condition (Woldie & Adersua, 2004), identified by other studied are not
detected in this study. This study also fails to identify some factors associated with success of entrepreneurs
found in other studies. Those factors are government support (Yusuf, 1995), personal initiative (Rose et al.,
2006), hard work, interpersonal skills, and customer service orientation (Benzing et al., 2005; Chu et al., 2007;
Coy et al., 2007). This research has not identified variables like access to finance (Edward, 2012), growth of
mall culture, poor assistance, power failure, lack of technical knowhow, capacity utilization (Santhi and Kumar,
2011), unfavorable state of the economy ((Baena, 2012), external environment (Aldrich, 2000) which are found
challenges for the growth and advancement entrepreneurs in other studies. It is evident that this study has failed
to indentify many important factors closely connected with the motivation, success and challenges of
entrepreneurs. What indentified is obviously not less important. This study was conducted based on the opinions
of entrepreneurs operating business in Khulna City, one of the divisional cities of Bangladesh. The results may
not be generalized reflection of all entrepreneurs of country.
References
Ahmad, Z. S., Xavier, S.R. (2012) "Entrepreneurial environments and growth: evidence from Malaysia GEM
data", Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 4 (1).50 – 69
Armington, C. & Acs, Z. (2002). The determinants of regional variation in new firm foundation. Regional
Studies, 36(1), 33-45.
Aldrich, H.E. (2000), Organizations Evolving, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
Bartlett, M. S. (1954) “A Note on the Multiplying Factors for Various Chi-Square Approximations”, Journal of
the Royal Statistical Society, 16, 296-298.
Benzing, C., Chu, M., and Callanan, G. (2005). Regional comparison of the motivation and problems of
Vietnamese entrepreneurs. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 3, 3-27.
Baena, V. (2012) "Market conditions driving international franchising in emerging markets", International
Journal of Emerging Markets, 7(1).49 – 71
Bruederl, J., & Preisendorfer, P. (1998). Network Support and the Success of Newly Founded Businesses. Small
Business Economics, 10 (3), 213- 225
Carter NM, Gartner WB, Shaver KG, Gatewood EJ. (2003). The career reasons of nascent entrepreneurs.
Journal of Business Venturing 18(1), 13–39.
Chowdhury, M. S. (2007) "Overcoming entrepreneurship development constraints: the case of Bangladesh",
Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 1(3), pp.240 – 251
Chu, H. M., Benzing, C., and McGee, C. (2007). Ghanaian and Kenyan entrepreneurs: Analysis of their
motivations, success characteristics and problem. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 6, 17-31.
Coy, S. P., Shipley, M. F., Omer, K., and Rao, N. A. (2007). Factors contributory to success: Astudy of
Pakistan’s small business owners. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(2), 189-198.
Edwards, Akosua Dardaine (2012). Women Entrepreneurs Access to Finance in the Developing World, RIBM
Doctoral Symposium 2012
George, Darren and Mallery, Paul (2008). SPSS for Windows Step by Step, Pearson Education, Alloy & Bacon.
Kasim, M. et al (2010). “Human Capital Investment: Literature Review Analysis and a Study Case among
6. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.16, 2013
153
Kadazan-Dusun of Pulutan Village, Menggatal, Kota Kinazan, Sabah,
Malaysia”.The social Sciences: Medwell Journals 5((3), www.medwelljournals.com (Access: 26 January 2013)
Kaiser, H. (1970) “A Second Generation Little Giffy”, Psychometrika, 35, 401-415.
Kaiser, H. (1974) “An Index of Factorial Simplicity”, Psychometrika, 39, 31-36.
Mehralizadeh, Yadollah and Sajady, Hossain (2006). A Study of Factors Related to Successful and Failure of
Entrepreneurs of Small Industrial Business with Emphasis on their Level of Education and Training, Available at
http://ssrn.com/abstract=902045 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.902045 (Access: January 16,2013)
Makhbul, Zafir Mohd and Hasun, Fazilah Mohamad (2011). Entrepreneurial Success: An Exploratory Study
among Entrepreneurs, International Journal of Business and Management, 6(1), 116-125
Nawaser, Khaled, Khaksar, Seyed Mohammad Sadeq, and Jahanshahi, Asghar Afshar (2011). Motivational and
Legal Barriers of Entrepreneurship Development, International Journal of Business and Management, 6(11),112-
118
Okpara, J. O., & Wynn, P. (2007). Determinants of Small Business Growth Constraints in a Sub-Saharan African
Economy. SAM Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 72, Issue. 2,
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/article/SAM-Advanced-Management-Journal/166537560.html (Access: 26
January 2013)
O’Neill, H.M., & J. Duker (1986). Survival and Failure in Small Business. Journal of Small Business
Management, 24 (1), 30.
O’Neill, R. C. & Viljoen, L. (2001). Support for female entrepreneurs in South Africa: Improvement or Decline?
Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences, 29, 37-44
Prahalad, C. K., & Hamel, G. (1990). The Core Competence of the Corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68
(3), 79-91
Raman, Kavitha and Jayasingam, Sharmila (2008). Motivational Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Decision: A
Comparison between Malaysian Women Entrepreneurs and Women Non Entrepreneurs, Communications of the
IBIMA, 2, 85-89
Rose, Raduan Che, Kumar, Naresh, and Yen, Lim Li (2006). The Dynamics of Entrepreneurs’ Success Factors
in Influencing Venture Growth, Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 2(2),1-23
Robichaud, Yves, Cachon, Jean Charles and Haq, Rana (2010). Motives, Succes‐ s Factors, and Barriers among
Canadian Female Entrepreneurs: The Case of Greater Sudbury, Entrepreneurial Practice Review, 1(2), 36-65
Saffu, Kajo, Apori, S.O, and Elijah-Mensah,A. (2009) Livestock Entrepreneurs from Northern Ghana: Their
Motivations and Challenges, Repositioning African Business and Development for the 21st Century, Simon
Sigué (Ed.), Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference, IAABD
Schwartz, E., (1976). Entrepreneurship: a new female frontier, Journal of Contemporary Business, Winter, 47-76
Swiercz, P., & Spencer, B. A. (1992). HRM and Sustainable Competitive Advantage: Lessons from Delta Air
Lines. Human Resource Planning, 15 (2), 35-46.
Stefanovica, Ivan, Rankovicb, Ljubodrag, and Prokice, Sloboda (2011). Entrepreneurs' Motivational Factors:
Empirical Evidence from Serbia, Serbian Journal of Management, 6(1), 73 - 83
Santhi, N. and Kumar, S. Rajesh (2011). Entrepreneurship Challenges and Opportunities in India, Bonfring
International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, 1, 14-16
Shahid, M.N and Smagulova, A (2008). The challenges of entrepreneurship in dynamic society, Central Asia
Business, 1(1), 34-45
Terpstra, D., & Olson, P. (1993). Entrepreneurial start-up and growth: A classification of problems.
Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 17,5-20.
Ufuk, H. & Ozgen, O. 2001. “The Profile of Women Entrepreneurs: A Sample from Turkey”, International
Journal of Consumer Studies, 25 (4), 299-308.
Woldie, A. & Adersua, A. 2004. “Female Entrepreneurs in a Transitional Economy: Business Women in
Nigeria”, International Journal of Social Economics, 31, 78-93.
Yusuf, A. (1995). Critical success factors for small business: Perceptions of South Pacific entrepreneurs. Journal
of Small Business Management, 33 (2), 68-73.
Zhu, Lei and Chu, Hung M. (2010). Motivations, Success Factors and Problems Encountered by Chinese
Women Entrepreneurs: A Factor Analysis, International Review of Business Research Papers, 6(5), 164-180
Zimmerman, Monica A. and Chu, Hung (2010). Motivation, Success, and Problems of Entrepreneurs in
Venezuela, http://sbaer.uca.edu/research/USASBE/2010/p47.pdf, pp.1-19, Access: 18/03/2013
Md. Reaz Uddin was born on October 15, 1979 at Rajshahi in Bangladesh. He is currently serving as an
Assistant Professor at Business Administration Discipline of Khulna University in Bangladesh. He has joined the
same University as a Lecturer and later promoted as Assistant Professor. Mr. Uddin has obtained MBA
(Management) degree with distinction from the University of Rajshahi. His research interest includes SME,
7. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.16, 2013
154
Entrepreneurship and International Trade.
Tarun Kanti Bose was born on October 16, 1984 at Faridpur in Bangladesh. He is currently serving as an
Assistant Professor at Business Administration Discipline of Khulna University in Bangladesh. He has joined the
same University as a Lecturer and later promoted as Assistant Professor. Mr. Bose has obtained MA
(Management) degree with distinction jointly from the University of Greenwich, UK and Saxion University of
Applied Science, the Netherlands. His research interest includes SME, Entrepreneurship, Economic
Development Model, FDI and International Business.
Table 1. Rotated Component Matrix of Motivational Factors
Component
Independence
Personal and
Family Security
Self
employment
Intrinsic
To Prove I can do it .794
Own boss .709
Using past experience and
Training .624
Maintain personal freedom
.518
Closer to family .691
Increase income .664
Job security .606
Build a business to pass on
.713
Personally do something for
society
.711
Utilize inherited assets .513
Provide jobs for family
members .871
Gain public recognition .635
Own satisfaction and growth
.456
Percentage of Variance
explained
19.16 15.246 13.328 13.079
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a Rotation converged in 7 iterations.
Table 2. Regression Statistics
Variable Standardized Beta
Independence .270**
Family and Security .257**
Self employment .325**
Intrinsic -.029
R Square .246
F Value 8.951**
Durbin-Watson 1.545
8. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.16, 2013
155
Table 3. Rotated Component Matrix for Success Factors
Component
Managerial
Capability
Experience
and
Training
Family
Support and
Honesty
Social
Network
Price and
Location
Good general management skills
.767
Charisma; friendliness to
customers
.726
Ability to manage personnel
.705
Hard-work .628
Good customer service .583
Maintenance of accurate records
of sales/expense
.459
Previous business experience
.778
Appropriate training .750
Access to capital .626
Satisfactory government support
.583
Marketing factors such as sales
promotion
.557
Supports of family and friends
.694
Reputation for honesty .689
Community involvement .892
Political involvement .759
Good product at a competitive
price
.677
Location .583
Percentage of Variance
Explained
18.34 17.012 9.805 9.077 7.61
Table 4. Regression Statistics
Variable Standardized Beta
Managerial Capabilities .383**
Experience and Training .308**
Family Support and Honesty .338**
Position is Society .101
Price and Location .016
R Square .376
F Value 12.761**
Durbin-Watson 1.778
9. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.16, 2013
156
Table 5. Rotated Component Matrix (a) of Challenges
Component
Business
Environment
Policy
Issues
Infrastructure
Raw
Materials
Political
Instability
Costs of
Equipment
Lack of R& D .810
Lack of total
technology
.731
Lack of good
governance
.675
Lack of friendly
environment
.569
Bureaucracy
corruption
.567
Lack of skilled
workers
.565
Lack of accurate data .505
Less supply power .806
Inadequate
government policy
.719
Lack of government
subsidy
.701
High rate of interest .700
Competition with large
industries
.445
Lack of infrastructure .803
Lack of capital .740
Lack of training .719
Shortage of skill labor .554
Less raw materials .837
low management skills .758
License for work .691
Frequent strikes .594
cost of equipment .599
Business site .529
% Variance Explained 17.165 15.97 11.523 8.759 7.33 6.425
Table 6. Regression Statistics
Variables Standardized Beta
Business Environment .359**
Policy Problem .046
Infrastructure .375**
Raw Materials .220**
Political Instability -.061
Cost of Equipments .129
R Square .342
F Value 10.289**
Durbin-Watson 1.334
10. This academic article was published by The International Institute for Science,
Technology and Education (IISTE). The IISTE is a pioneer in the Open Access
Publishing service based in the U.S. and Europe. The aim of the institute is
Accelerating Global Knowledge Sharing.
More information about the publisher can be found in the IISTE’s homepage:
http://www.iiste.org
CALL FOR PAPERS
The IISTE is currently hosting more than 30 peer-reviewed academic journals and
collaborating with academic institutions around the world. There’s no deadline for
submission. Prospective authors of IISTE journals can find the submission
instruction on the following page: http://www.iiste.org/Journals/
The IISTE editorial team promises to the review and publish all the qualified
submissions in a fast manner. All the journals articles are available online to the
readers all over the world without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than
those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. Printed version of the
journals is also available upon request of readers and authors.
IISTE Knowledge Sharing Partners
EBSCO, Index Copernicus, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, JournalTOCS, PKP Open
Archives Harvester, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Elektronische
Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB, Open J-Gate, OCLC WorldCat, Universe Digtial
Library , NewJour, Google Scholar