Laboratory safety

Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Laboratory Safety
and
Biosafety in Laboratory
Present by
Tassanee Lerksuthirat & Anon Khanpanya
PHPT Laboratory Safety Officers
PHPT-Nong Hoi 11 August 2009
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Why matters ??
Specimen receive
Laboratory Waste disposal Environment
Community
RESPONSIBILITY
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Why matters ??
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• Safe working protects:
– Yourself
– Other lab workers
– Cleaners
– People at home
– Visitors
– Products or your works
– Environment
Why matters ??
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Hazards in Lab
• Physical hazards
– fire
– sharps
– natural disaster
• Chemical hazards
• Biological hazards
• Accidents
• Unexpected events -- red-yellow protest
Uncertainty is Certainty -- Be Aware!
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• Elimination/substitution
– risk assessment
• Engineering controls
– construction
– work area
– ventilation
• Administrative control
– work load
– training
• Personal control
– PPE
Hazards Control
XXL
SS
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Laboratory Safety
• Laboratory Hygiene -- no food/drinks in lab
• Sharp Safety -- broken glasses
• Equipment Safety -- proper use, well-trained
• Fire Safety -- fire extinguisher, fire exit
• Chemical safety -- MSDS
• Biological safety -- pathogens, disinfection
• Human safety -- criminal, psycho, health
• ……. safety -- experiences
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Biosafety in Laboratory
• Biological Hazards
– Its capability to infect & cause disease in
human/animal host
– Its virulence as measured by severity of disease,
availability of preventive measures & effective
treatments for the disease
– Infectious agents or biological hazards, unlike
chemical, in that they can reproduce, grow and
spread
– Exposure to a small number of organisms can
cause serious problems
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Biological Hazards
• Mode of transmission
– Inhalation -- sneeze
– Ingestion -- food/drinks
– Penetration -- stab by needle
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Safety Guidelines & Manuals
• WHO: Laboratory Biosafety Manual
• CDC/NIH: Biosafety in Microbiological and
Biomedical Laboratories
• PHPT: Laboratory Safety
Manual
• Canada: Laboratory
Biosafety Guidelines
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• WHO -- 4 risk groups
– principal characteristics
– route of transmission
• Microorganisms in PHPT
– risk gr. 2
– community risk: low
– individual risk: moderate
• pathogen cause human disease but unlikely to be serious
hazard to lab workers & community/environment
• exposures cause serious infection but effective treatment
& preventive measure are available
• risk of spread of infection is limited
Microbiological Risk Group
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• Microbiological risk gr. relate biosafety level but not
equate to BSL
• Level designation
– ascending order (1,2, ….)
– degree of protection provided to individual,
environment & community
• CDC & WHO -- 4 BSLs
• All BSLs require standard microbiological practices
Biosafety Level (BSL)
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• Microbiological risk gr. relate biosafety level but not
equate to BSL
• Level designation
– ascending order (1,2, ….)
– degree of protection provided to individual,
environment & community
• CDC & WHO -- 4 BSLs
• All BSLs require standard microbiological practices
Biosafety Level (BSL)
Only BSL-1 & BSL-2
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• Suitable for work with well characterized agents
not known to cause disease in healthy adult
humans & present minimal potential hazard to lab
personnel & environment
Biosafety Level (BSL): BSL-1
Bacillus subtilis & Escherichia coli
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Practices Safety Equipment
(Primary Barriers & PPE)
Facilities
(Secondary Barriers)
Standard
microbiological
practices
None required •door for access
control
•sink for hand
washing
•design to be easily
clean
•sturdy furniture
•windows fit with
flyscreen
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• Suitable for work with agents of moderate
potential hazard to personnel & environment
Shigella, Dengue virus, Plasmodium:
P. falciparum, P. vivax, HBV & HIV
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Practices Safety Equipment
(Primary Barriers & PPE)
Facilities
(Secondary Barriers)
BSL-1 practice
plus:
•special practice
for BSL-2
Primary barriers:
Class I/II BSCs or other
physical containment
devices used for all
manipulations of agents
that cause splashes/
aerosols of infectious
materials
PPE:
Lab coats, gloves & face
protection as needed
BSL-1 plus:
•autoclave available
•lockable door
•eye wash station
available
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Standard Microbiological Practice
• Control access to laboratory
• Use mechanism pipetting devices
• Washing hands
• Prohibit eating, drinking & smoking
• Minimize splashes & aerosols
• Decontaminate work surfaces daily
• Decontaminate wastes
• Maintain insect & rodent control program
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Special Practice for BSL-2
• Needle & sharp precautions
– Use sharp container or use plastic ware or any procedures
that protect the danger from sharp
– If possible use plasticware
– DO NOT break, bend, re-sheath or reuse syringes/needles
– DO NOT place needles or sharps in office & waste
containers
– DO NOT handle broken glassed with hands
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• Biohazard warning signs
• Biosafety manual specific to lab
• Lab personnel aware of potential hazards &
proficient in practices/techniques
• Training with annual updates
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• Potentially infectious materials must be placed in a
durable, leak-proof container during collection,
handling, processing, storage or transport
• Immunization
• Baseline serum samples
• Report spills & accidents
• No animals & plants in lab
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• All procedure involving manipulation of infectious
materials -- may generate aerosol -- conduct within
BSC or other physical containment devices
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Universal Precautions
Treat all human blood and certain body fluids
as if they are infected
Must be observed in all situations where
there is a potential for contact with blood
or potentially infectious materials
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Demons -- Washing Hands
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Demons -- Simply Using Mask
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Demons -- Eye Protective Equipment
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Demons -- Steps for putting on PPE
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Demons -- Steps for taking off PPE
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Demons -- Removing Gloves
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Demons -- Working Chemical Hood
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Demons -- Working with BSC
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Demons -- Chemical Clean Up
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Demons -- Blood Spill Clean Up
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END
FOR
THE FIRST SECTION
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