The document provides instructions for a lab exercise on computer programming basics. It includes objectives to identify variables, input/output statements, and how to write pseudo code and draw flowcharts. Examples of pseudo code and a flowchart are given to calculate the result of a value multiplied by 3. Exercises include determining the purpose of sample C programs, identifying their variables, statements, and features. Pseudo code and a flowchart are to be written for a compound interest calculation program based on given variables, calculations, and output.

1. UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
BTI 10202: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
LAB 1 : Computer Programming Basics
NAME : _________________________________
MATRICS NO.: _______________ DATE : _________ (MARKS)
Objectives:
1. Identify the variables, input/output statements and program symbolic constant
2. Learn how to write pseudo code
3. Learn how to draw flowchart
Notes:
Algorithms is a procedure or a set of plan for problem solving
Basic rules for design method:
1. Consist of a statement of instructions in sequence.
2. Every step consists of keyword.
3. Every step should be written in different line, if continued, next row must be
indented.
4. if/else for condition, while/do for repetition
5. Every step must contain clear statement and easy to understand
6. Use start for beginning of operation, and end/halt for finishing it.
Pseudo code is an artificial and informal Flow chart is a graphical informal set of
set of instruction that helps to develop a instruction that help to develop a
program which written in line program by using shapes representation

2. Example: Example: Start
Start Display
“Enter Value
Display “Enter value X: ” X”
Get X
Get value X
Calculate result = X x 3 Calculate
Result = X x 3
Display Result
Display
Result
End
End
Exercise 1:
Determine the purpose of each of the following C programs. Identify all the variables within
each program. Identify all input and output statements, all assignment statements and any
other special features that you recognize.
(a) main( )
{
printf(“Welcome to this computer programming class!n”);
}
Purpose: ________________________________________________________________
Variables: _______________________________________________________________
Input statement: __________________________________________________________
Output statement: ________________________________________________________
Assignment statement_____________________________________________________
Special feature: ___________________________________________________________
(b) #define MESSAGE “Welcome to this computer programming class!n”
main( )
{
printf(MESSAGE);
}
Purpose: ________________________________________________________________
Variables:________________________________________________________________
Input statement:__________________________________________________________
Output statement:_________________________________________________________
Assignment statement:_____________________________________________________
Special feature:___________________________________________________________

3. (c) main( )
{
float gross, tax, net;
printf(“Gross salary: “);
scanf(“%f”, &gross);
tax = 0.14*gross;
net = gross – tax;
printf(“Taxes withheld: %.2fn”, tax);
printf(“Net salary: %.2f”, net);
}
Purpose: ________________________________________________________________
Variables:________________________________________________________________
Input statement:__________________________________________________________
Output statement:_________________________________________________________
Assignment statement:_____________________________________________________
Special feature:___________________________________________________________
Exercise 2:
Analyze the problem below.
Compound interest
A common problem in personal finance is that of determining how much money will
accumulate in a bank account after n years if a known amount, P, is deposited initially and
the account collects interest at a rate if r percent per year, compounded annually. This can be
determined by the well-known formula
F=P(1+i)n
where F represents the future accumulation of money (including the original sum, P, which is
known as the principal) and i is the decimal representation of the interest rate; i.e., i = r/100
(for example, an interest rate of r = 5% would correspond to i = 0.05).
Consider the organization of a C program that will solve this problem. The program will be
based upon the following general outline.
1. Declare the required program variables.
2. Read in values for the principal (P), interest rate (r) and the number of years (n).
3. Calculate the decimal representation of the interest rate (i), using the formula i =
r/100.
4. Determine the future accumulation (F) using the formula F = P(1+i)n
5. Display the calculated value for F.
2.1 Write down the program outline in the form of pseudo code.
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4. ______________________________________________________________________________
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2.2 Translate the following program into pseudo code and flowchart.
//simple compound interest problem
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
float p, r, n, i, f;
//read input data (including prompts)
printf(“Please enter a value for the principal (p): “);
scanf(“%f”, &p);
printf(“Please enter a value for the interest rate (r): “);
scanf(“%f”, &r);
printf(“Please enter a value for the number of years (n): “);
scanf(“%f”, &n);
//calculate i, then f
i=r/100; //interest in decimal
f=p*pow((1+i),n); //future accumulation of money
//display the output
printf(“nThe final value (F) is: %.2fn”, f);
getch();
}

5. Flowchart