A socio-technical system is a system that includes both technical components like hardware and software as well as human and organizational elements. Socio-technical systems exhibit emergent properties that depend on the relationships between components and how the system operates within an organizational context. The design and evolution of socio-technical systems involves multiple disciplines working together using systems engineering processes to define requirements, design system architecture, develop subsystems, integrate the overall system, and support ongoing operation and maintenance.
1. A socio-technical system includes technical components like hardware and software as well as people and organizational processes. It has emergent properties that depend on the relationships between components and cannot be understood by examining individual parts alone.
2. Systems engineering involves specifying, designing, developing, and testing socio-technical systems through processes like requirements definition, system design, sub-system development, and integration. It must account for human and organizational factors.
3. Legacy systems refer to existing socio-technical systems that are crucial but use outdated technology. They constrain business processes and are costly to maintain.
The document discusses socio-technical systems and their key differences from technical computer systems. Socio-technical systems include technical, organizational and human elements. Emergent properties like reliability depend on complex interactions between system components and are difficult to predict. Systems engineering aims to design socio-technical systems to meet requirements while accounting for organizational factors. Legacy systems also present challenges due to their critical role and difficulty evolving over time.
The document discusses elements of systems design, including inputs for system design such as functional models from analysis. It describes designing the network, application architecture, user interfaces, system interfaces, and database. Prototyping during design is discussed to confirm design choices. Designing controls and integrating the deployment environment are also summarized. Traditional structured and object-oriented design models as well as client/server, n-tier, and web-based architectures are briefly introduced.
Introduction to system development and systems analysisYeasin Esha
This document introduces system development and systems analysis. It discusses the system development life cycle which includes planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. It also covers feasibility analysis, behavioral aspects of change management, and system analysis techniques. The key aspects covered are the system development cycle, planning techniques like PERT and Gantt charts, factors that influence behavioral resistance to change, and steps for system analysis including initial investigation, system survey, and feasibility study.
The document discusses the skills needed to succeed as a systems analyst, which are grouped into four categories: analytical skills, technical skills, management skills, and interpersonal skills. It provides details on each set of skills, including systems thinking, problem identification, project management, communication, and standards of practice in the field. Maintaining these skills through continuing education is emphasized.
This document provides an overview of a course on system analysis and design (SAD) taught by Yared Yenealem at Debre Tabor University in Ethiopia. It includes information about the instructor, required textbooks, course objectives, and an outline of chapter topics covering system overview, managing information system projects, the system development life cycle, and systems planning and selection. The goal of the course is to help students understand the analysis, design, development and management of computer-based information systems.
This document provides an overview of system analysis and design. It discusses the key concepts including:
1) System analysis specifies what the system should do by identifying objectives and decomposing the system into components.
2) System design focuses on how to accomplish objectives by defining system modules to satisfy requirements.
3) A system is an organized relationship between interdependent components that achieve a common goal.
A socio-technical system is a system that includes both technical components like hardware and software as well as human and organizational elements. Socio-technical systems exhibit emergent properties that depend on the relationships between components and how the system operates within an organizational context. The design and evolution of socio-technical systems involves multiple disciplines working together using systems engineering processes to define requirements, design system architecture, develop subsystems, integrate the overall system, and support ongoing operation and maintenance.
1. A socio-technical system includes technical components like hardware and software as well as people and organizational processes. It has emergent properties that depend on the relationships between components and cannot be understood by examining individual parts alone.
2. Systems engineering involves specifying, designing, developing, and testing socio-technical systems through processes like requirements definition, system design, sub-system development, and integration. It must account for human and organizational factors.
3. Legacy systems refer to existing socio-technical systems that are crucial but use outdated technology. They constrain business processes and are costly to maintain.
The document discusses socio-technical systems and their key differences from technical computer systems. Socio-technical systems include technical, organizational and human elements. Emergent properties like reliability depend on complex interactions between system components and are difficult to predict. Systems engineering aims to design socio-technical systems to meet requirements while accounting for organizational factors. Legacy systems also present challenges due to their critical role and difficulty evolving over time.
The document discusses elements of systems design, including inputs for system design such as functional models from analysis. It describes designing the network, application architecture, user interfaces, system interfaces, and database. Prototyping during design is discussed to confirm design choices. Designing controls and integrating the deployment environment are also summarized. Traditional structured and object-oriented design models as well as client/server, n-tier, and web-based architectures are briefly introduced.
Introduction to system development and systems analysisYeasin Esha
This document introduces system development and systems analysis. It discusses the system development life cycle which includes planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. It also covers feasibility analysis, behavioral aspects of change management, and system analysis techniques. The key aspects covered are the system development cycle, planning techniques like PERT and Gantt charts, factors that influence behavioral resistance to change, and steps for system analysis including initial investigation, system survey, and feasibility study.
The document discusses the skills needed to succeed as a systems analyst, which are grouped into four categories: analytical skills, technical skills, management skills, and interpersonal skills. It provides details on each set of skills, including systems thinking, problem identification, project management, communication, and standards of practice in the field. Maintaining these skills through continuing education is emphasized.
This document provides an overview of a course on system analysis and design (SAD) taught by Yared Yenealem at Debre Tabor University in Ethiopia. It includes information about the instructor, required textbooks, course objectives, and an outline of chapter topics covering system overview, managing information system projects, the system development life cycle, and systems planning and selection. The goal of the course is to help students understand the analysis, design, development and management of computer-based information systems.
This document provides an overview of system analysis and design. It discusses the key concepts including:
1) System analysis specifies what the system should do by identifying objectives and decomposing the system into components.
2) System design focuses on how to accomplish objectives by defining system modules to satisfy requirements.
3) A system is an organized relationship between interdependent components that achieve a common goal.
The document discusses the role of systems analysts and provides an overview of key concepts in systems analysis and design. It covers the types of systems analysts work with, the systems development life cycle, incorporating human-computer interaction considerations, and using computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools to aid analysts' work.
The document discusses systems analysis and design. It explains that systems analysis involves understanding an organization's objectives, structure, and processes in order to develop computer-based systems that improve efficiency. The systems development life cycle is a standard methodology used to analyze requirements, design, implement, and maintain information systems through phases like project planning, analysis, design, and maintenance.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Assignment helpjohn mayer
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Assignment help services at Globalwebtutors are available 24/ by online SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN experts , SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN tutors are available for instant SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN questions help , SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN writers can help you with complex SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN dissertation requirements.
1) The document proposes using an assignment problem linear programming technique to quantify the technical performance of processes in system engineering. The assignment problem can optimize processes by finding minimum compilation time, execution time, and memory allocation.
2) An example assignment problem is described where jobs are assigned to programmers to minimize time. The technique is applied to quantify a software development process by measuring compilation time, execution time, memory usage, and output of sample programs.
3) The results show that programs developed by two of three programmers optimized the process, with minimum memory usage, execution speed and output values, as identified by the assignment problem modeling.
This document defines key concepts in systems thinking, including:
- Defining a system as something that takes inputs through a process to produce outputs.
- Types of systems include natural, designed abstract, engineered/technical, and human activity systems.
- Habits of effective systems thinkers include considering how mental models impact understanding of systems.
- Structures are stable system components, while processes involve change. The environment affects the system.
- Hierarchy and resolution involve adjusting the level of detail in analysis. Prediction and control relate to anticipating and correcting deviations.
- Emergent properties are behaviors that cannot be predicted from individual components alone.
- System ownership relates to who controls and maintains the system and can cause
This document discusses sociotechnical systems and systems engineering. It defines sociotechnical systems as systems that include both technical systems (e.g. hardware and software) as well as operational processes and people. Sociotechnical systems have emergent properties that depend on the interactions between system components. They are also non-deterministic since human behavior introduces unpredictability. Developing sociotechnical systems requires an interdisciplinary approach involving areas like software engineering, organizational design, and human factors.
The documents discuss various topics related to system design and documentation. Three of the documents discuss processes for documentation including that documentation must be done in parallel with development, guide the reader to relevant sections, help locate modules for modification, and remain up to date. Another document discusses the importance of system documentation for project management, development, and operation. A final document discusses the terminology of flexible system design, which aims to maintain performance through changes in configuration.
Enhancing the flexibility to the design of selangkah systemizzatuitm
The document discusses enhancing the flexibility of the Selangkah System used by UiTM to assist students in identifying suitable study programs. It aims to allow easier changes to the system to accommodate annual updates to admission rules and regulations. The current system's hardcoded rules make changes difficult. The research will review the system, verify requirements, and design a more flexible system through documentation and a design that allows dynamic rule changes. This will benefit both students and administrators.
This document summarizes the design of a computer system for a new information systems organization. The organization provides web-based marketing, sales, and customer service for an industrial consulting firm. A triangulation research method was used, including interviews and quantitative analysis. The system analysis defined the strategic goals of customer relationship management and supply chain management. The design includes multiple server processors connected via a shared memory facility to allow transparency and fault tolerance. Hardware, software, network components and peripherals were selected to meet capacity requirements identified in the analysis. A simulation was used to validate the system could perform efficiently enough to meet the organization's needs. The designed system aims to provide necessary functions and support the information systems organization.
Information system implementation, change management and controlShruti Pendharkar
The document discusses information system implementation, change management, and control. It describes the system development life cycle and implementation process, which includes planning, acquiring facilities, hardware/software, coding, testing, documentation, training, and installation. Change management involves analyzing changes to the organization from a new system and developing programs to reduce risks and maximize benefits. Controls for information systems include physical, technical, administrative, general, and application controls to ensure security and efficient operations.
https://www.mudassiriqbal.net/project-management-terms-and-concepts
There are many concepts and definitions which require special attention by all PMP Aspirants as the terminologies are largely used interchangeably in the real world.
This document discusses systems of systems and complexity. It begins by defining systems of systems and providing examples. Key characteristics of systems of systems include operational and managerial independence of elements, and evolutionary development. The document then covers sources of complexity, including technical, managerial and governance complexity. It discusses how reductionism has traditionally been used to manage complexity in engineering but has limitations for large systems of systems.
Seven systems engineering myths and the corresponding realitiesJoseph KAsser
The document discusses seven myths of systems engineering and the corresponding realities. It summarizes that there is no single agreed upon systems engineering process and standards cover different parts of the process rather than the whole. The "V model" is presented as a simplified representation but does not actually represent a process and does not cope with change. Successful systems engineering relies more on people factors like involvement and support rather than strictly following a process.
Materi 4 Information System Engineering Sim 1223511116853894 8Zidny Nafan
The document discusses various aspects of information system development including:
1) Information system analysis focuses on solving business problems independently of the technology used.
2) System owners provide funding while system users directly interact with the system.
3) System design and development involves considering the data, processes, interfaces, and network needs from the perspectives of owners, users, designers and builders.
4) Successful system development requires project management techniques like PERT charts, Gantt charts, and Microsoft Project to plan, track progress, and ensure completion on time and on budget.
The document discusses various methods for determining requirements in the system analysis phase of the system development life cycle (SDLC). It describes traditional methods like interviews, observations, and document analysis to gather requirements information. It also discusses modern techniques like joint application design (JAD) sessions and prototyping to structure requirements. JAD involves key stakeholders collaboratively identifying and documenting requirements. Prototyping can be useful when requirements are unclear but has potential drawbacks like becoming too focused on initial user needs or bypassing other SDLC checks. The primary deliverables of requirements determination are the various documents and notes produced to capture what the new system should do.
Architectural design involves identifying major system components and their communications. Architectural views provide different perspectives of the system, such as conceptual, logical, process, and development views. Common architectural patterns include model-view-controller, layered, client-server, and pipe-and-filter architectures. Application architectures define common structures for transaction processing, information, and language processing systems.
Understanding the security_organizationDan Morrill
This document discusses risks in information security from regulatory, business, technology, and security perspectives. It outlines how decisions are made based on existing contracts and perceived power rather than technical understanding. Risk is defined as threats times vulnerabilities plus the influence of politics and power. Both proactive and reactive security approaches are discussed along with their limitations. Information security challenges include complexity, unknown vulnerabilities, and persistence of hackers. Overall risk management must account for known and unknown threats within organizational politics.
The document discusses chapter 7 of a software engineering textbook which covers design and implementation. It begins by outlining the topics to be covered, including object-oriented design using UML, design patterns, and implementation issues. It then discusses the software design and implementation process, considerations around building versus buying systems, and approaches to object-oriented design using UML.
This document provides an overview of basic computer and information technology concepts. It discusses how computers receive input, process data, and produce output. It defines information technology as the tools used to receive, process, store, retrieve, print, and transmit information electronically. It also outlines the key components of a computer system, including hardware like the central processing unit, memory, and physical devices; and software programs and applications. Finally, it describes the main hardware components of computers and their functions.
The document provides an overview of systems analysis and design. It discusses the roles of systems analysts, different types of information systems, and the phases of the systems development life cycle (SDLC). The SDLC phases include planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The document also covers topics like prototyping, joint application design (JAD), rapid application development (RAD), agile methodologies, and object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD).
This document appears to be the title page for a lab manual or report for an Electronics-I practical lab work course. It lists the title as "ELECTRONICS-I PRACTICAL LAB WORK" and provides the name of the author "Padshah Gul" along with a student identification "Su-12-01-003-006".
Basics of Electronics | understand how electronics work|design your own projectsdinesh babu
A detailed ppt about electronics and its basic...
the slide is designed to be in a understandable manner ....
the other is a R & D engineer in the field
The document discusses the role of systems analysts and provides an overview of key concepts in systems analysis and design. It covers the types of systems analysts work with, the systems development life cycle, incorporating human-computer interaction considerations, and using computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools to aid analysts' work.
The document discusses systems analysis and design. It explains that systems analysis involves understanding an organization's objectives, structure, and processes in order to develop computer-based systems that improve efficiency. The systems development life cycle is a standard methodology used to analyze requirements, design, implement, and maintain information systems through phases like project planning, analysis, design, and maintenance.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Assignment helpjohn mayer
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Assignment help services at Globalwebtutors are available 24/ by online SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN experts , SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN tutors are available for instant SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN questions help , SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN writers can help you with complex SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN dissertation requirements.
1) The document proposes using an assignment problem linear programming technique to quantify the technical performance of processes in system engineering. The assignment problem can optimize processes by finding minimum compilation time, execution time, and memory allocation.
2) An example assignment problem is described where jobs are assigned to programmers to minimize time. The technique is applied to quantify a software development process by measuring compilation time, execution time, memory usage, and output of sample programs.
3) The results show that programs developed by two of three programmers optimized the process, with minimum memory usage, execution speed and output values, as identified by the assignment problem modeling.
This document defines key concepts in systems thinking, including:
- Defining a system as something that takes inputs through a process to produce outputs.
- Types of systems include natural, designed abstract, engineered/technical, and human activity systems.
- Habits of effective systems thinkers include considering how mental models impact understanding of systems.
- Structures are stable system components, while processes involve change. The environment affects the system.
- Hierarchy and resolution involve adjusting the level of detail in analysis. Prediction and control relate to anticipating and correcting deviations.
- Emergent properties are behaviors that cannot be predicted from individual components alone.
- System ownership relates to who controls and maintains the system and can cause
This document discusses sociotechnical systems and systems engineering. It defines sociotechnical systems as systems that include both technical systems (e.g. hardware and software) as well as operational processes and people. Sociotechnical systems have emergent properties that depend on the interactions between system components. They are also non-deterministic since human behavior introduces unpredictability. Developing sociotechnical systems requires an interdisciplinary approach involving areas like software engineering, organizational design, and human factors.
The documents discuss various topics related to system design and documentation. Three of the documents discuss processes for documentation including that documentation must be done in parallel with development, guide the reader to relevant sections, help locate modules for modification, and remain up to date. Another document discusses the importance of system documentation for project management, development, and operation. A final document discusses the terminology of flexible system design, which aims to maintain performance through changes in configuration.
Enhancing the flexibility to the design of selangkah systemizzatuitm
The document discusses enhancing the flexibility of the Selangkah System used by UiTM to assist students in identifying suitable study programs. It aims to allow easier changes to the system to accommodate annual updates to admission rules and regulations. The current system's hardcoded rules make changes difficult. The research will review the system, verify requirements, and design a more flexible system through documentation and a design that allows dynamic rule changes. This will benefit both students and administrators.
This document summarizes the design of a computer system for a new information systems organization. The organization provides web-based marketing, sales, and customer service for an industrial consulting firm. A triangulation research method was used, including interviews and quantitative analysis. The system analysis defined the strategic goals of customer relationship management and supply chain management. The design includes multiple server processors connected via a shared memory facility to allow transparency and fault tolerance. Hardware, software, network components and peripherals were selected to meet capacity requirements identified in the analysis. A simulation was used to validate the system could perform efficiently enough to meet the organization's needs. The designed system aims to provide necessary functions and support the information systems organization.
Information system implementation, change management and controlShruti Pendharkar
The document discusses information system implementation, change management, and control. It describes the system development life cycle and implementation process, which includes planning, acquiring facilities, hardware/software, coding, testing, documentation, training, and installation. Change management involves analyzing changes to the organization from a new system and developing programs to reduce risks and maximize benefits. Controls for information systems include physical, technical, administrative, general, and application controls to ensure security and efficient operations.
https://www.mudassiriqbal.net/project-management-terms-and-concepts
There are many concepts and definitions which require special attention by all PMP Aspirants as the terminologies are largely used interchangeably in the real world.
This document discusses systems of systems and complexity. It begins by defining systems of systems and providing examples. Key characteristics of systems of systems include operational and managerial independence of elements, and evolutionary development. The document then covers sources of complexity, including technical, managerial and governance complexity. It discusses how reductionism has traditionally been used to manage complexity in engineering but has limitations for large systems of systems.
Seven systems engineering myths and the corresponding realitiesJoseph KAsser
The document discusses seven myths of systems engineering and the corresponding realities. It summarizes that there is no single agreed upon systems engineering process and standards cover different parts of the process rather than the whole. The "V model" is presented as a simplified representation but does not actually represent a process and does not cope with change. Successful systems engineering relies more on people factors like involvement and support rather than strictly following a process.
Materi 4 Information System Engineering Sim 1223511116853894 8Zidny Nafan
The document discusses various aspects of information system development including:
1) Information system analysis focuses on solving business problems independently of the technology used.
2) System owners provide funding while system users directly interact with the system.
3) System design and development involves considering the data, processes, interfaces, and network needs from the perspectives of owners, users, designers and builders.
4) Successful system development requires project management techniques like PERT charts, Gantt charts, and Microsoft Project to plan, track progress, and ensure completion on time and on budget.
The document discusses various methods for determining requirements in the system analysis phase of the system development life cycle (SDLC). It describes traditional methods like interviews, observations, and document analysis to gather requirements information. It also discusses modern techniques like joint application design (JAD) sessions and prototyping to structure requirements. JAD involves key stakeholders collaboratively identifying and documenting requirements. Prototyping can be useful when requirements are unclear but has potential drawbacks like becoming too focused on initial user needs or bypassing other SDLC checks. The primary deliverables of requirements determination are the various documents and notes produced to capture what the new system should do.
Architectural design involves identifying major system components and their communications. Architectural views provide different perspectives of the system, such as conceptual, logical, process, and development views. Common architectural patterns include model-view-controller, layered, client-server, and pipe-and-filter architectures. Application architectures define common structures for transaction processing, information, and language processing systems.
Understanding the security_organizationDan Morrill
This document discusses risks in information security from regulatory, business, technology, and security perspectives. It outlines how decisions are made based on existing contracts and perceived power rather than technical understanding. Risk is defined as threats times vulnerabilities plus the influence of politics and power. Both proactive and reactive security approaches are discussed along with their limitations. Information security challenges include complexity, unknown vulnerabilities, and persistence of hackers. Overall risk management must account for known and unknown threats within organizational politics.
The document discusses chapter 7 of a software engineering textbook which covers design and implementation. It begins by outlining the topics to be covered, including object-oriented design using UML, design patterns, and implementation issues. It then discusses the software design and implementation process, considerations around building versus buying systems, and approaches to object-oriented design using UML.
This document provides an overview of basic computer and information technology concepts. It discusses how computers receive input, process data, and produce output. It defines information technology as the tools used to receive, process, store, retrieve, print, and transmit information electronically. It also outlines the key components of a computer system, including hardware like the central processing unit, memory, and physical devices; and software programs and applications. Finally, it describes the main hardware components of computers and their functions.
The document provides an overview of systems analysis and design. It discusses the roles of systems analysts, different types of information systems, and the phases of the systems development life cycle (SDLC). The SDLC phases include planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The document also covers topics like prototyping, joint application design (JAD), rapid application development (RAD), agile methodologies, and object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD).
This document appears to be the title page for a lab manual or report for an Electronics-I practical lab work course. It lists the title as "ELECTRONICS-I PRACTICAL LAB WORK" and provides the name of the author "Padshah Gul" along with a student identification "Su-12-01-003-006".
Basics of Electronics | understand how electronics work|design your own projectsdinesh babu
A detailed ppt about electronics and its basic...
the slide is designed to be in a understandable manner ....
the other is a R & D engineer in the field
This document discusses critical systems and system dependability. It defines critical systems as those where failure could have severe consequences, such as safety-critical systems where failure could result in loss of life. It describes four dimensions of dependability for critical systems: availability, reliability, safety, and security. Availability and reliability refer to a system operating properly and delivering services as expected. Safety ensures a system cannot cause harm or damage. Security protects a system from external attacks. The document uses an insulin pump as an example of a safety-critical system to illustrate dependability requirements and discusses techniques for achieving dependability.
Practical Industrial Electronics for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
Industrial electronics has become an integral part of our businesses. A working knowledge of electronics has now become a prerequisite for efficiency in the work place.
This two-day workshop will 'demystify' the world of electronics to you and equip you to understand, identify and confidently troubleshoot electronic problems. You will gain the vital knowledge that you need to: multi-skill, reduce down-time, save your company money, and secure your value in the workplace. You will learn the latest trends and techniques in the fastmoving field of industrial electronics.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
All engineering, operations or management personnel who are directly or indirectly involved with electronics controls
Anyone whose work requires the use of electronic equipment
Maintenance technicians, electricians, foremen and engineers
Mechanical and chemical engineers, operators and personnel who need electronics knowledge
Those involved with the installing, programming, maintaining and purchasing of electronic control equipment
Those who want to improve their understanding and capabilities in electronic technology
Those who wish to be able to multi-skill into electronics maintenance technicians, electricians, foremen and engineers
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-industrial-electronics-engineers-and-technicians-11
Creately offers many component diagram templates which you can use instantly to create your own component diagrams. Draw your UML component diagrams with Creately component diagram templates. Many designs of component diagram templates can be found on our diagram community. Just click on the use as templates button to immediately start modifying it using our online diagramming tools.
This document provides summaries of several books related to industrial electronics, electrical technology, and computer controls. It includes summaries of the following books:
- Industrial Electronics (1995) by Frank D. Petruzella - Designed to help prepare students for jobs in electricity and electronics, covering industrial motors, controls, and programmable logic controllers.
- Industrial Electronics (1993) by James T. Humphries and Leslie P. Sheets - Provides an introduction to state-of-the-art industrial control systems.
- Programmable controllers theory and implementation (1997) by Luis A. Bryan and E. A. Bryan - Covers programmable logic controllers and computer-controlled machines and processes.
Critical systems engineering focuses on developing dependable and secure systems for applications where failure could result in loss of life, injury, or significant economic damage. These systems often require certification by regulators to demonstrate compliance with safety and dependability standards before use. The development process for critical systems uses rigorous, plan-driven methodologies and techniques like formal methods, fault detection tools, and redundancy to reduce risk of failure, which may involve higher costs than for other systems due to the potentially severe consequences of errors.
Industrial Electronics 80 Marks Sample Test Paperprathik
This sample question paper is for the subject of Industrial Electronics in the fifth semester of an Electronics and Telecommunication course. The paper has 6 questions divided into multiple parts. It covers topics such as semiconductor device symbols, characteristics of UJT and SCR, rectifier circuits including half wave, full wave and bridge configurations, triggering circuits, commutation methods, and applications of devices like SCR, TRIAC, IGBT in control and power electronics. Students are required to attempt several parts from each question covering diagrams, explanations and derivations with a maximum time given of 3 hours.
Socio-technical systems include both technical and human elements. They are made up of interconnected layers from equipment and software to business processes and societal rules. Properties emerge from the interactions between these layers, including reliability, security, and usability. Whether a socio-technical system is considered a success or failure depends on perspective, as stakeholders have differing views and system behavior is non-deterministic due to human factors. Failures are also inevitable given the complexity of relationships in socio-technical systems.
A Simple Introduction To CMMI For BeginerManas Das
This slide contain an overall idea about cmmi and how to get started with cmmi levels. Also it is very good PPT for students who are giving seminar in colleges.
UML component diagrams describe the structure of software systems by showing components, their interfaces, and dependencies between components. A component represents a modular part of a system that encapsulates its contents and exposes its functionality through interfaces. Component diagrams show the organization and dependencies of components through their interfaces and ports using elements like components, interfaces, ports, and connectors. They allow modeling large and complex software systems in a modular way.
This document discusses socio-technical systems and their key differences from computer-based systems alone. It aims to explain what socio-technical systems are, how emergent properties like reliability and security arise, and how systems engineering and organizational contexts influence system design, use, and procurement. Legacy systems are also discussed as being critical to many businesses.
The document discusses critical systems and system dependability. It defines critical systems as systems where failure could result in significant economic losses, damage, or threats to human life. It describes four dimensions of dependability for critical systems: availability, reliability, safety, and security. It emphasizes that critical systems require trusted development methods to achieve high dependability.
This document discusses sociotechnical systems and introduces their key concepts. It defines a system as a purposeful collection of interrelated components working towards a common goal. Sociotechnical systems specifically include both technical systems (e.g. software, hardware) as well as the operational processes and people interacting with the technical systems. These systems have a layered "stack" structure with different levels including equipment, operating systems, applications, business processes, organizations, and broader society. Changes at one level can ripple through other levels due to interdependencies between layers. Achieving dependability requires containing failures within layers and understanding how adjacent layers may be affected.
The document discusses process improvement in software engineering. It describes the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) which has 5 levels for process improvement: initial, repeatable, defined, managed, and optimizing. Each level is associated with better project management practices, quality levels, and key process areas. Moving from lower to higher levels results in fewer defects, higher defect removal rates, and better ability to predict and manage costs, quality, and personnel needs. The CMM provides a framework for organizations to assess and improve their software development processes.
The document discusses CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration), a framework for process improvement and appraising the maturity of processes. It provides definitions of CMMI's key aspects including maturity levels, process areas, usage, benefits, and differences compared to other frameworks like ISO and Lean Six Sigma. CMMI aims to help organizations measure, monitor, and manage processes to improve performance, quality and reduce risks through a defined process improvement path.
Resistors are used to limit current or divide voltage and can generate heat. Capacitors store energy in the form of charge and are measured in Farads. Diodes only conduct current in one direction, while transistors can amplify or switch electronic signals and have emitter, base, and collector terminals.
This document provides an overview of basic electronics concepts including lattices, semiconductors, diodes, and transistors. It begins by defining lattices and their applications in mathematics. It then discusses superconductors, insulators, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, and the band theory of conduction. Diodes and rectifiers are introduced, including half-wave and full-wave rectification circuits. The document concludes by explaining transistors, including bipolar junction transistors with npn and pnp configurations and their characteristics curves. Transistors are shown to have applications as amplifiers and switches in devices like LED spotlights and single transistor radios.
What is electronics?
Electronics is the science of how to control electric energy, which the electrons have a fundamental role.
This presentation gives a brief explanation about what is electronics and each of the part of the electronic components.
Ian Sommerville argues that current approaches to software engineering are insufficient for engineering large-scale complex IT systems (LSCITS). Reductionism, which underpins most engineering approaches, breaks systems down into parts but does not account for relationships between parts. However, LSCITS are open systems with no single owner and undefined problems. New interdisciplinary paradigms beyond reductionism are needed to engineer LSCITS while considering the socio-political and operational environments. Short-term research should address verification and managing dynamically changing system configurations, while long-term funding is required to develop new non-reductionist engineering approaches.
An overview of software requirements engineeringIan Sommerville
Requirements engineering involves discovering, documenting, and maintaining requirements for computer systems. Requirements specify what should be implemented or constrain the system. Getting requirements wrong can lead to late delivery, unhappy customers, unreliable systems, and high maintenance costs. Requirements engineering is difficult because stakeholder needs change rapidly, stakeholders have different goals, and political factors influence requirements.
Requirements engineering involves discovering, documenting, and maintaining system requirements. It is important but difficult due to changing stakeholder needs and environments. The document discusses the requirements engineering process, problems that can occur, and challenges like globalization and accelerated development that will require requirements engineering to evolve.
This document provides an overview of sociotechnical systems. It discusses how software systems are part of broader systems that include human, social, and organizational aspects. It describes the layers in a sociotechnical systems stack from equipment to society. Emergent properties, non-determinism, and differing views of success from stakeholders are characteristics of these complex systems. Systems engineering is the process of procuring, developing, and maintaining sociotechnical systems over their lifecycle.
This document discusses requirements elicitation and analysis. It describes the components and stages of elicitation including understanding the problem domain, stakeholders' needs, and collecting requirements. Analysis techniques are discussed like necessity, consistency, and feasibility checking. Requirements elicitation involves iterative negotiation when conflicts arise. Various techniques are presented like interviews, scenarios, prototyping and observation to understand requirements.
Socio-technical systems include both technical systems like hardware and software as well as people and operational processes. Unlike computer-based systems, socio-technical systems are non-deterministic and have emergent properties that depend on relationships between components and human operators. These systems also have complex relationships with organizational objectives that depend not just on the system itself but also the organizational context. Legacy systems are critical to many businesses despite being socio-technical systems.
System Analysis & Designing : Elements of a System [In short]Abir Maheshwari
One of the topic from SAD named 'Elements of a System'. there are 6 keys elements to construct and reconstruct the business. which are described in this topics but in short, more to come stay connected. Thank you.
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What is Software or System ?
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What is SDLC ?
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Learning outcomes of system analysis and design and.pptxSanad Bhowmik
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Requirements Engineering Processes in Software Engineering SE6koolkampus
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The document discusses the key activities in requirements engineering including feasibility studies, elicitation and analysis, validation, and management. It describes eliciting requirements through interviews and scenarios, analyzing requirements from different stakeholder viewpoints, and validating requirements for consistency, completeness, and verifiability. Requirements management is needed to handle changing requirements as the business and system evolve.
An Introduction to Systems Engineering | DorlecoDorleControls
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TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
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- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
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By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
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#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Introducing Milvus Lite: Easy-to-Install, Easy-to-Use vector database for you...Zilliz
Join us to introduce Milvus Lite, a vector database that can run on notebooks and laptops, share the same API with Milvus, and integrate with every popular GenAI framework. This webinar is perfect for developers seeking easy-to-use, well-integrated vector databases for their GenAI apps.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
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Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
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A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
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What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
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3. Practical demonstrations
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Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
2. Objectives To introduce the notion of a socio-technical system and to discuss the relationships between LSCITSs and STSs. To explain why socio-technical considerations should influence the design of an LSCITS To introduce the notion of LSCITS engineering as a systems engineering process.
3. Socio-technical systems Organisational systems with automated and manual processes and component that evolve to meet organisational goals or requirements
4. Socio-technical systems Socio-technical systems include IT systems and the social and organisational environment in which these systems are used Operators – the people who use the system Procedures and Processes – ways of working that use the IT system Policies – rules and regulations that govern work and the way that it is done Standards – definitions of how work should be done across the organisation Culture – the ways in which work is done in a local, professional and national setting
5. Software-intensive system Social and political environment Laws, regulations, custom & practice System users Business processes Organisational policies and culture Socio-technical systems Organisational strategies and goals
6. Socio-technical system characteristics They exhibit emergent properties Some of the properties of the system emerge after it has gone into use and cannot be predicted in advance This is true of all systems but is a particular characteristic of STS because of the complexity of the interactions between parts of the system They are non-deterministic They do not always produce the same output when presented with the same input (or input sequence) because the systems’s behaviour is partially dependent on human operators, organizational priorities, etc. They are influenced by the organisations culture, rules and objectives STS are inextricably bound up with the organisation using these sysyems, how it thinks of itself and how it works
7. Emergent properties Properties of the system as a whole rather than properties that can be derived from the properties of components of a system Emergent properties are a consequence of the relationships between system components and between technical systems and the socio-technical system in which they are used They can therefore only be assessed and measured once the components have been integrated into a system Emergent properties often have unexpected consequences Higher rather than lower costs More rather than less manual intervention
8. Types of emergent property Functional properties These are the designer’s intention and appear when all the parts of a system have been integrated. A burglar alarm system has the property of detecting intruders in a building. Non-functional emergent properties These relate to the behaviour of the system in its operational environment. Examples are reliability, performance, safety, and security.
9. Organisational emergent properties These relate to the relationships between technical systems and the socio-technical system in which they are embedded or to the relationships between a socio-technical system and other socio-technical systems in an organisation An accounting system that provides better information on accounts to budget holders may lead to increases in expenditure because they now have information about under-spending on a budget A (socio-technical) system that is intended to provide the public with information about death rates in hospitals leads to increases in the number of patients who are discharged early and die at home
10. Non-determinism Non-determinism (in a systems context) means that the response of a system to a stimulus will not always be consistent STS are non-deterministic because: People are not inter-changeable. One system user will behave in a different way from another. They react differently because of personal circumstances, workload, etc. People react to changes in the environment in which the system is used. The organisational and operational environments constantly change and affect the use of the system and its responses.
11. Coping with the unexpected Technical systems are rigid and are usually unable to cope with circumstances that have not been envisaged by their designers The non-determinism in STS is (usually) a positive characteristic as it allows the system to cope with unexpected change It allows graceful degradation of service in times of increased workload People can prioritise tasks according to their perceived importance The processes in the system can be dynamically adapted to cope with organisational or external changes
13. STS and LSCITS I find it helpful to distinguish between an LSCITS and a STS, with the important distinction being that LSCITS are designed and socio-technical systems evolve. However, not all STS include LSCITS – STS do not have to be large-scale systems. However, all LSCITS are tightly embedded in STS. Socio-technical issues have a profound effect on the dependability, efficiency and effectiveness of the embedded LSCITSs There is an increasing conviction that focusing on socio-technical issues in complex systems and understanding how to use these constructively in system design (LSCITS engineering) will provide a better return in terms of system improvement than investments in new technology
14. Organisations/people/systems LSCITS are organisational systems intended to help deliver some organisational or business goal. If you do not understand the organisational environment where a system is used, the LSCITS is less likely to meet the real needs of the business and its users.
15. Value from socio-technical analysis Effectiveness Deployed systems are more effective in supporting business processes In many cases, value from new systems is not realised because these are not used at all or part of their functionality is not exploited Dependability Reduced probability of usage errors More effective error recovery User satisfaction Better user acceptance of new systems Faster ‘time to value’ Shorter assimiliation period for new systems. Fewer mismatches between system and work
16. Issues and questions Process changes Does the system require changes to the work processes in the environment? Job changes Does the system de-skill the users in an environment or cause them to change the way they work? Organisational changes Does the system change the political power structure in an organisation?
18. Organisational processes The processes of systems engineering overlap and interact with organisational procurement processes. Operational processes are the processes involved in using the system for its intended purpose. For new systems, these have to be defined as part of the system design. Operational processes should be designed to be flexible and should not force operations to be done in a particular way. It is important that human operators can use their initiative if problems arise. Operational processes not covered in these lectures but will be discussed in forthcoming socio-technical systems module.
19. Procurement Acquiring a system for an organization to meet some perceived need Some system specification and architectural design is usually necessary before procurement You need a specification to let a contract for system development The specification may allow you to buy a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) system. Almost always cheaper than developing a system from scratch LSCITS usually consist of a mix of off the shelf and specially designed systems. The procurement processes for these different types of system are usually different.
21. Procurement issues The choice of what system to buy is a socio-technical rather than simply a technical decision Centralisation vs Autonomy Compliance Response to external circumstances Organisational authority structure Requirements may have to be modified to match the capabilities of off-the-shelf components. There is usually a contract negotiation period to agree changes after the contractor to build a system has been selected. During this process, significant changes to the requirements may be negotiated
23. LSCITS engineering Specifying, designing, implementing, validating, deploying and maintaining large-scale complex IT systems. Concerned with the services provided by the system, constraints on its construction and operation and the ways in which it is used. LSCITS engineering is a systems rather than a software engineering process LSCITS engineering is particularly concerned with the early stages of the systems engineering process – requirements engineering and architectural design Problems and issues in LSCITS engineering discussed in Lecture 6
24. The system engineering process Usually follows a ‘waterfall’ model because of the need for parallel development of different parts of the system Little scope for iteration between phases because hardware changes are very expensive. Software may have to compensate for hardware problems. Inevitably involves engineers from different disciplines who must work together Much scope for misunderstanding here. Different disciplines use a different vocabulary and much negotiation is required. Engineers may have personal agendas to fulfil.
26. System requirements definition Focuses on ‘requirements in the large’ rather than detailed ‘requirements in the small’ Three types of requirement defined at this stage Abstract functional requirements. System functions are defined in an abstract way; System properties. Non-functional requirements for the system in general are defined; Undesirable characteristics. Unacceptable system behaviour is specified. Should also define overall organisational objectives for the system.
27. System objectives Should define why a system is being procured for a particular environment. Functional objectives To provide a unified student administrative system that maintains all student information from initial application to graduation Organisational objectives To introduce common processes across the organisation for student administration To improve applicants’ and students’ perception of the university To reduce central administration costs
28. System requirements problems Complex systems are usually developed to address wicked problems Problems that are not fully understood; Changing as the system is being specified. Must anticipate hardware/communications developments over the lifetime of the system. Hard to define non-functional requirements (particularly) without knowing the component structure of the system. Organisational and political issues affect the requirements There is a continuing tension between control by the organisation and support of operational processes
30. The system design process Partition requirements Organise requirements into related groups. Identify sub-systems Identify a set of sub-systems which collectively can meet the system requirements. Assign requirements to sub-systems Causes particular problems when COTS are integrated. Specify sub-system functionality. Define sub-system interfaces Critical activity for parallel sub-system development.
31. System design problems Requirements partitioning to hardware, software and human components may involve a lot of negotiation. Difficult design problems are often assumed to be readily solved using software. Hardware platforms may be inappropriate for software requirements so software must compensate for this.
32. Requirements and design Requirements engineering and system design are inextricably linked. Constraints posed by the system’s environment and other systems limit design choices so the actual design to be used may be a requirement. Initial design may be necessary to structure the requirements. As you do design, you learn more about the requirements.
34. Key points LSCITS are tightly integrated with socio-technical systems Socio-technical systems are systems whose boundaries include the business processes that these systems are intended to support and the system operators. They are influenced by a wide range of regulatory, cultural and organisational factors. To develop LSCITS, we should extend traditional systems engineering with socio-technical analyses to consider how organisational factors should influence the overall STS design Requirements engineering and architectural design are key phases in the LSCITS engineering process
Editor's Notes
Here – talk about the notion of unintended consequences. Give an example of such a thing.