This document discusses three demographic challenges facing the European Union: 1) the declining size of Europe's population, 2) the effects of an aging population on Europe's labor force, production, and welfare systems, and 3) the interrelated issues of low fertility rates, high immigration, and questions about European identity. It provides data on past and projected population trends in the EU and examines the potential role of immigration in addressing the challenges of workforce aging and population decline.
Globalization against illegal immigrationElena Divizia
Italy needs cooperation from other European Union countries to effectively address its illegal immigration problem. As a Mediterranean country, Italy receives large flows of immigrants from North Africa but has difficulty controlling its borders alone. The EU recognizes this challenge and is working to develop a common immigration policy based on principles like solidarity, integration, and transparency. This includes controlling external borders through agencies like Frontex and negotiating agreements with origin countries. Italy is also forming new partnerships with Mediterranean states like Libya, Turkey, and Malta to manage immigration across the region in a comprehensive manner.
The document summarizes information about EU enlargement, including its history from the Treaty of Paris establishing the European Coal and Steel Community to the Treaty of Lisbon defining the EU's relationships. It outlines the main EU institutions and their locations. It lists current EU member states and candidate countries, and the Copenhagen criteria for joining the EU. Specific sections provide background on Turkey's and Croatia's paths to EU membership, including requirements and benefits of accession. Potential benefits and downsides of expansion are discussed.
European policies for_energy_and_environmentmandika
The document discusses European Union policies around energy and the environment. It notes that the Lisbon Treaty in 2007 made energy an explicit EU policy area for the first time. It outlines some of the key EU directives and programs established to promote renewable energy, energy efficiency, and emissions reductions. These include the "20-20-20" targets of 20% reductions in emissions, 20% renewable energy, and 20% energy savings by 2020. Programs like Intelligent Energy Europe and LIFE+ provide funding to support these goals.
Between 1846 and 1939, over 51 million people migrated from Europe to destinations like the United States, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, and Australia as labour shortages and surpluses drove migration. In the post-World War 2 era from the 1950s through the 1970s, many Europeans migrated again due to labour demands, with the UK recruiting from the Caribbean and South Asia while France and Germany found workers from North Africa and Yugoslavia/Turkey respectively. However, opposition to immigration grew and the 1973 oil crisis closed doors to migrant workers, though many had established roots. Currently, the European Union guarantees freedom of movement but individual countries control immigration based on national policies.
This document discusses migration forecasts from the International Federation of Liberal and Radical Youth Migration Seminar in 2011. It notes overall trends in migration and includes copyright information for Google from 2011. The document appears to be presenting migration forecasts and trends from an event along with relevant copyright details.
Project Sunshine is a nonprofit organization that provides free educational, recreational, and social programs to over 60,000 children facing medical challenges and their families each year across 150 cities nationwide and 5 international sites. Founded by Joseph M. Weilgus with the initial goal of bringing normalcy to hospitalized children, Project Sunshine now operates various tutoring, arts, crafts, and support programs with over 10,000 volunteers to improve patients' wellbeing. As a grant-worthy organization, Project Sunshine relies on donations, events, and merchandise sales to fund its growth and community impact.
The document discusses migration trends in Europe and challenges faced by different European countries. It provides data on net migration rates, types of migrants, and employment rates by origin for several European nations and Canada between 2006-2008. Key points addressed are increasing diversity of immigration sources, tensions between economic and refugee migration, challenges of undocumented workers, and developing approaches to identity and integration.
3rd Demographic Forum Nov.2010 Nomac Versiontomadubois
The demographic growth of European Union is today largely due to international migration. The growth of migration flows has accelerated in the late 1990’s and is still high. At the same time, host countries have been diversified and intra-european mobility has increased. These new dynamics are also the next EU challenges in terms of diversity or economic integration.
Globalization against illegal immigrationElena Divizia
Italy needs cooperation from other European Union countries to effectively address its illegal immigration problem. As a Mediterranean country, Italy receives large flows of immigrants from North Africa but has difficulty controlling its borders alone. The EU recognizes this challenge and is working to develop a common immigration policy based on principles like solidarity, integration, and transparency. This includes controlling external borders through agencies like Frontex and negotiating agreements with origin countries. Italy is also forming new partnerships with Mediterranean states like Libya, Turkey, and Malta to manage immigration across the region in a comprehensive manner.
The document summarizes information about EU enlargement, including its history from the Treaty of Paris establishing the European Coal and Steel Community to the Treaty of Lisbon defining the EU's relationships. It outlines the main EU institutions and their locations. It lists current EU member states and candidate countries, and the Copenhagen criteria for joining the EU. Specific sections provide background on Turkey's and Croatia's paths to EU membership, including requirements and benefits of accession. Potential benefits and downsides of expansion are discussed.
European policies for_energy_and_environmentmandika
The document discusses European Union policies around energy and the environment. It notes that the Lisbon Treaty in 2007 made energy an explicit EU policy area for the first time. It outlines some of the key EU directives and programs established to promote renewable energy, energy efficiency, and emissions reductions. These include the "20-20-20" targets of 20% reductions in emissions, 20% renewable energy, and 20% energy savings by 2020. Programs like Intelligent Energy Europe and LIFE+ provide funding to support these goals.
Between 1846 and 1939, over 51 million people migrated from Europe to destinations like the United States, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, and Australia as labour shortages and surpluses drove migration. In the post-World War 2 era from the 1950s through the 1970s, many Europeans migrated again due to labour demands, with the UK recruiting from the Caribbean and South Asia while France and Germany found workers from North Africa and Yugoslavia/Turkey respectively. However, opposition to immigration grew and the 1973 oil crisis closed doors to migrant workers, though many had established roots. Currently, the European Union guarantees freedom of movement but individual countries control immigration based on national policies.
This document discusses migration forecasts from the International Federation of Liberal and Radical Youth Migration Seminar in 2011. It notes overall trends in migration and includes copyright information for Google from 2011. The document appears to be presenting migration forecasts and trends from an event along with relevant copyright details.
Project Sunshine is a nonprofit organization that provides free educational, recreational, and social programs to over 60,000 children facing medical challenges and their families each year across 150 cities nationwide and 5 international sites. Founded by Joseph M. Weilgus with the initial goal of bringing normalcy to hospitalized children, Project Sunshine now operates various tutoring, arts, crafts, and support programs with over 10,000 volunteers to improve patients' wellbeing. As a grant-worthy organization, Project Sunshine relies on donations, events, and merchandise sales to fund its growth and community impact.
The document discusses migration trends in Europe and challenges faced by different European countries. It provides data on net migration rates, types of migrants, and employment rates by origin for several European nations and Canada between 2006-2008. Key points addressed are increasing diversity of immigration sources, tensions between economic and refugee migration, challenges of undocumented workers, and developing approaches to identity and integration.
3rd Demographic Forum Nov.2010 Nomac Versiontomadubois
The demographic growth of European Union is today largely due to international migration. The growth of migration flows has accelerated in the late 1990’s and is still high. At the same time, host countries have been diversified and intra-european mobility has increased. These new dynamics are also the next EU challenges in terms of diversity or economic integration.
The Role of Civil Society in EU Migration Policy2One
Civil society provides a crucial link between governments and the communities they represent. Thus far, civil society organisations have had a limited role in European policy debates.
European migration has followed several patterns:
1) Migrants have moved from Eastern European countries like Poland and Romania with lower GDPs to Western countries like the UK, France, and Germany which have higher GDPs in search of work and higher wages.
2) Migrants have also moved south to countries like Spain.
3) Migration has also occurred from northern to southern Europe as northern Europeans retire to countries with warmer climates like those around the Mediterranean.
European Migration Case Studies discusses UK retiree migration to Mediterranean countries like Spain. It notes that many British retirees are "sun seekers" who move to warmer climates. The document also addresses managing migration and the economic, social and environmental issues countries face in dealing with population movements. UK policy on migration is examined in a case study focusing on potential benefits and costs for both host and source countries.
This document presents a European Agenda on Migration with four pillars to better manage migration in Europe. It outlines immediate actions to address the humanitarian crisis in the Mediterranean by increasing search and rescue operations, targeting smuggling networks, and establishing relocation and resettlement schemes for migrants across EU states. It also proposes longer term measures like addressing root causes of migration in third countries, partnerships with countries of origin and transit, and ensuring clarity on return policies to reduce incentives for irregular migration. The agenda aims to balance protecting refugees, facilitating legal migration, and enforcing rules for those not eligible to stay in a collective EU approach.
EU IMMIGRATION POLICIES:CHALLENGES AND LESSONSJose Magalhaes
Presentation delivered by the Secretário de Estado Adjunto e da Administração Interna (Assistant Minister of the Interior) de Portugal in Japan, in the 19th EU-Japan Journalists Conference, Hakone, April 2007
The document summarizes the migration of Eastern Europeans to the UK following the EU expansion in 2004. It states that over 600,000 people from the new EU countries had migrated to the UK by 2006, exceeding initial predictions of 15,000 migrants per year. The majority of these migrants came from Poland and Slovakia and found work in a variety of industries and locations throughout the UK. This influx contributed both economic and demographic impacts, with increases in births and in the working population, but also concerns about impacts on wages and community relations.
The document discusses the European Union's migration policy and the tension between harmonization and securitization. It outlines the EU's efforts to harmonize internal border policies while reinforcing external borders. The policy aims to balance the free movement of EU citizens with restrictive access for non-EU citizens. While the EU works to create common legal migration and asylum systems, national policies remain diverse and securitization of borders has increased since 9/11 through the creation of agencies like Frontex.
The document discusses the background of the refugee crisis in Europe. It explains that millions of Syrians have fled the ongoing civil war in their country and sought refuge in neighboring countries like Turkey and Lebanon or traveled further to Europe. However, conditions in refugee camps in countries bordering Syria are inadequate, prompting many refugees to undertake dangerous journeys to reach countries in Western and Northern Europe like Germany and Sweden for greater safety, opportunities, and resources. This mass migration movement has strained resources and caused political tensions among European countries over how to handle and share the responsibility of hosting large numbers of refugees.
UK pensioners are migrating to Spain for retirement in large numbers. Over 74,000 British pensioners now live in Spain full-time. They are attracted by factors like the warm climate, low cost of living, and expatriate communities. Many settle in purpose-built housing developments along the Costa del Sol.
This migration benefits both the UK and Spain. For the UK, it relieves pressure on housing and reduces social services for the elderly. However, it also results in loss of experienced workers and grandparents for families. For Spain, it boosts the local economy through increased spending, but also places burdens on infrastructure and healthcare systems. Managing this cross-border migration presents challenges for both countries.
This document discusses immigration trends and policies in the European Union. It provides background on post-WWII immigration to EU countries for labor and details how immigration policies changed in the 1970s. Current immigration patterns and the proportion of immigrants in various EU countries are also examined. The document outlines efforts towards developing a common EU immigration policy and integrating immigrants.
Over 16 human lives are lost on average every day crossing the Mediterranean Sea, as tens of thousands flee conflicts in Syria and North Africa. More than 50% of those crossing are in need of international protection. Human smugglers collect migrants in Libya and transport them in overcrowded boats operated by international criminal networks, in a $400 million annual market. The European Union has not agreed on a unified response, and individual countries like Italy and Greece have led separate rescue efforts, but budget cuts have reduced operations. Continued instability in Libya is fueling more people to undertake the dangerous crossing to Europe.
Polish migration to the UK increased after Poland joined the EU in 2004 due to push factors like high unemployment in Poland and pull factors like job opportunities for unskilled workers in the UK. While many Polish migrants were young people attracted by economic opportunities, around half have returned home since due to factors like the economic crisis reducing UK jobs while Poland's economy grew, the falling value of the pound, and higher wages and stable costs now in Poland. Some Polish migrants also remained for major UK construction projects but ultimately missed home.
The document summarizes the migration of Polish workers to the UK following Poland's entry into the EU in 2004. Over 400,000 Polish nationals registered to work in the UK by 2006, far exceeding the UK government's prediction of 15,000 migrants. Poles made up 62% of these eastern European migrants. Push factors in Poland like high unemployment and lower wages, as well as pull factors in the UK like job and wage opportunities drove migration. While migrants filled job shortages and contributed economically, their influx also increased pressures on housing and public services and tensions arose. Both benefits and concerns continue to be debated regarding immigration's impacts.
The immigration phenomenon in the european unionEuridiki
Immigration to Europe has a long history and is a complex issue with both benefits and impacts. Each year around 2 million individuals immigrate to Europe for reasons like economic opportunities, education, and conflict. In response, the European Union has implemented common immigration policies to manage flows and integrate immigrants, such as the Hague Program from 2004-2010 addressing asylum standards, partnerships with origin countries, and visa rules. However, immigration levels and their effects on Europe remain controversial.
The document discusses the Syrian refugee crisis and its impact on Europe. Some key points:
- Millions of Syrian refugees have fled to neighboring countries like Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan due to the ongoing conflict in Syria. Turkey hosts over 3 million Syrian refugees.
- The refugee crisis has significantly impacted parts of Europe as well, with over 500,000 Syrian refugees seeking asylum in European countries. However, European responses have been divided, with some countries more welcoming than others.
- Germany stood out for its welcoming approach in 2015 by accepting over 1 million refugees, but concerns remain over social and economic impacts, security risks, and difficulties with integration and cultural differences.
MIGRATION CRISIS EUROPE, SYRIA AND WORLD ROLE TRADE UNION AND MIGRANT WORKERS...businessnewsworld
MIGRATION CRISIS EUROPE, SYRIA AND WORLD ROLE TRADE UNION AND MIGRANT WORKERS DILEMMA?
on the basis of increase in crimes of trafficking, exploitation and smuggling imparted on refugees and how the big NGOs and politicians have acquired Trade Unions like ITUC, ATUC etc to work for their benefits rather than helping migrants
The document discusses migration from Poland to the UK following Poland's entry into the EU in 2004. It provides statistics showing that while the UK government predicted 15,000 Polish migrants, over 447,000 Poles registered to work in the UK by 2006, becoming the third largest ethnic minority. Poles were motivated to migrate due to high unemployment and lower wages in Poland, as well as opportunities in the UK labor market. The migration benefited both economies but also led to some concerns about impacts on public services and tensions with UK workers.
Philippe Fargues - population ageing and skills ageing in europeMigrationPolicyCentre
The paper discusses to what extent ageing can be good or bad for the economies of Europe
It focuses on population aged 20 years and above in the next two decades (population already born) and asks two questions:
What will happen if migration stops now?
How could migration respond to built-in demographic imbalances?
The document discusses global population trends and their impact on demographics and marketing from 2010 to 2050. Some key points:
- World population is expected to peak at 8.9 billion in 2068 before declining as birth rates fall. However, populations will age differently in each country.
- The number of people aged 0-14 will decline in places like China and India but grow in African nations. Those aged 15-64, who make up the workforce, will shrink in China, Japan, and Russia but expand greatly in India, Nigeria, and other developing countries.
- These shifting demographic trends will influence each nation's social and economic success and require changes to marketing approaches to reach different generations over time.
Demographic change and its impact on economies and local areasOECD CFE
1. The working age population in the EU and US is projected to decline as a percentage of the total population between 2000-2039, with Europe experiencing particularly rapid population aging.
2. Many EU regions will see the number of people aged 20-64 per 10,000 aged 65+ fall below 200 by 2030, indicating an increasing elderly dependency ratio.
3. If EU employment is to grow 1% annually as targeted by Europe 2020 goals, growth will turn negative around 2030 due to declining working age population unless productivity increases are achieved. This will further pressure productivity and economic growth.
Ehip1 caring through-sharing the-e health-landscape dirk de langhe veronique ...imec.archive
The document discusses trends in healthcare and the potential for eHealth to help address challenges in the industry. It notes that the world population is growing and aging, placing more demands on healthcare systems. New technologies are needed to help improve quality of care, access, and efficiency. eHealth aims to transform healthcare through more integrated and collaborative systems that support prevention, early diagnosis, and targeted treatments. This can help move healthcare from a focus on treating late-stage disease to emphasizing early health and wellness. However, key issues around standards, funding, change management, privacy, and coordination of innovation still need to be addressed for eHealth to realize its full potential.
The Role of Civil Society in EU Migration Policy2One
Civil society provides a crucial link between governments and the communities they represent. Thus far, civil society organisations have had a limited role in European policy debates.
European migration has followed several patterns:
1) Migrants have moved from Eastern European countries like Poland and Romania with lower GDPs to Western countries like the UK, France, and Germany which have higher GDPs in search of work and higher wages.
2) Migrants have also moved south to countries like Spain.
3) Migration has also occurred from northern to southern Europe as northern Europeans retire to countries with warmer climates like those around the Mediterranean.
European Migration Case Studies discusses UK retiree migration to Mediterranean countries like Spain. It notes that many British retirees are "sun seekers" who move to warmer climates. The document also addresses managing migration and the economic, social and environmental issues countries face in dealing with population movements. UK policy on migration is examined in a case study focusing on potential benefits and costs for both host and source countries.
This document presents a European Agenda on Migration with four pillars to better manage migration in Europe. It outlines immediate actions to address the humanitarian crisis in the Mediterranean by increasing search and rescue operations, targeting smuggling networks, and establishing relocation and resettlement schemes for migrants across EU states. It also proposes longer term measures like addressing root causes of migration in third countries, partnerships with countries of origin and transit, and ensuring clarity on return policies to reduce incentives for irregular migration. The agenda aims to balance protecting refugees, facilitating legal migration, and enforcing rules for those not eligible to stay in a collective EU approach.
EU IMMIGRATION POLICIES:CHALLENGES AND LESSONSJose Magalhaes
Presentation delivered by the Secretário de Estado Adjunto e da Administração Interna (Assistant Minister of the Interior) de Portugal in Japan, in the 19th EU-Japan Journalists Conference, Hakone, April 2007
The document summarizes the migration of Eastern Europeans to the UK following the EU expansion in 2004. It states that over 600,000 people from the new EU countries had migrated to the UK by 2006, exceeding initial predictions of 15,000 migrants per year. The majority of these migrants came from Poland and Slovakia and found work in a variety of industries and locations throughout the UK. This influx contributed both economic and demographic impacts, with increases in births and in the working population, but also concerns about impacts on wages and community relations.
The document discusses the European Union's migration policy and the tension between harmonization and securitization. It outlines the EU's efforts to harmonize internal border policies while reinforcing external borders. The policy aims to balance the free movement of EU citizens with restrictive access for non-EU citizens. While the EU works to create common legal migration and asylum systems, national policies remain diverse and securitization of borders has increased since 9/11 through the creation of agencies like Frontex.
The document discusses the background of the refugee crisis in Europe. It explains that millions of Syrians have fled the ongoing civil war in their country and sought refuge in neighboring countries like Turkey and Lebanon or traveled further to Europe. However, conditions in refugee camps in countries bordering Syria are inadequate, prompting many refugees to undertake dangerous journeys to reach countries in Western and Northern Europe like Germany and Sweden for greater safety, opportunities, and resources. This mass migration movement has strained resources and caused political tensions among European countries over how to handle and share the responsibility of hosting large numbers of refugees.
UK pensioners are migrating to Spain for retirement in large numbers. Over 74,000 British pensioners now live in Spain full-time. They are attracted by factors like the warm climate, low cost of living, and expatriate communities. Many settle in purpose-built housing developments along the Costa del Sol.
This migration benefits both the UK and Spain. For the UK, it relieves pressure on housing and reduces social services for the elderly. However, it also results in loss of experienced workers and grandparents for families. For Spain, it boosts the local economy through increased spending, but also places burdens on infrastructure and healthcare systems. Managing this cross-border migration presents challenges for both countries.
This document discusses immigration trends and policies in the European Union. It provides background on post-WWII immigration to EU countries for labor and details how immigration policies changed in the 1970s. Current immigration patterns and the proportion of immigrants in various EU countries are also examined. The document outlines efforts towards developing a common EU immigration policy and integrating immigrants.
Over 16 human lives are lost on average every day crossing the Mediterranean Sea, as tens of thousands flee conflicts in Syria and North Africa. More than 50% of those crossing are in need of international protection. Human smugglers collect migrants in Libya and transport them in overcrowded boats operated by international criminal networks, in a $400 million annual market. The European Union has not agreed on a unified response, and individual countries like Italy and Greece have led separate rescue efforts, but budget cuts have reduced operations. Continued instability in Libya is fueling more people to undertake the dangerous crossing to Europe.
Polish migration to the UK increased after Poland joined the EU in 2004 due to push factors like high unemployment in Poland and pull factors like job opportunities for unskilled workers in the UK. While many Polish migrants were young people attracted by economic opportunities, around half have returned home since due to factors like the economic crisis reducing UK jobs while Poland's economy grew, the falling value of the pound, and higher wages and stable costs now in Poland. Some Polish migrants also remained for major UK construction projects but ultimately missed home.
The document summarizes the migration of Polish workers to the UK following Poland's entry into the EU in 2004. Over 400,000 Polish nationals registered to work in the UK by 2006, far exceeding the UK government's prediction of 15,000 migrants. Poles made up 62% of these eastern European migrants. Push factors in Poland like high unemployment and lower wages, as well as pull factors in the UK like job and wage opportunities drove migration. While migrants filled job shortages and contributed economically, their influx also increased pressures on housing and public services and tensions arose. Both benefits and concerns continue to be debated regarding immigration's impacts.
The immigration phenomenon in the european unionEuridiki
Immigration to Europe has a long history and is a complex issue with both benefits and impacts. Each year around 2 million individuals immigrate to Europe for reasons like economic opportunities, education, and conflict. In response, the European Union has implemented common immigration policies to manage flows and integrate immigrants, such as the Hague Program from 2004-2010 addressing asylum standards, partnerships with origin countries, and visa rules. However, immigration levels and their effects on Europe remain controversial.
The document discusses the Syrian refugee crisis and its impact on Europe. Some key points:
- Millions of Syrian refugees have fled to neighboring countries like Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan due to the ongoing conflict in Syria. Turkey hosts over 3 million Syrian refugees.
- The refugee crisis has significantly impacted parts of Europe as well, with over 500,000 Syrian refugees seeking asylum in European countries. However, European responses have been divided, with some countries more welcoming than others.
- Germany stood out for its welcoming approach in 2015 by accepting over 1 million refugees, but concerns remain over social and economic impacts, security risks, and difficulties with integration and cultural differences.
MIGRATION CRISIS EUROPE, SYRIA AND WORLD ROLE TRADE UNION AND MIGRANT WORKERS...businessnewsworld
MIGRATION CRISIS EUROPE, SYRIA AND WORLD ROLE TRADE UNION AND MIGRANT WORKERS DILEMMA?
on the basis of increase in crimes of trafficking, exploitation and smuggling imparted on refugees and how the big NGOs and politicians have acquired Trade Unions like ITUC, ATUC etc to work for their benefits rather than helping migrants
The document discusses migration from Poland to the UK following Poland's entry into the EU in 2004. It provides statistics showing that while the UK government predicted 15,000 Polish migrants, over 447,000 Poles registered to work in the UK by 2006, becoming the third largest ethnic minority. Poles were motivated to migrate due to high unemployment and lower wages in Poland, as well as opportunities in the UK labor market. The migration benefited both economies but also led to some concerns about impacts on public services and tensions with UK workers.
Philippe Fargues - population ageing and skills ageing in europeMigrationPolicyCentre
The paper discusses to what extent ageing can be good or bad for the economies of Europe
It focuses on population aged 20 years and above in the next two decades (population already born) and asks two questions:
What will happen if migration stops now?
How could migration respond to built-in demographic imbalances?
The document discusses global population trends and their impact on demographics and marketing from 2010 to 2050. Some key points:
- World population is expected to peak at 8.9 billion in 2068 before declining as birth rates fall. However, populations will age differently in each country.
- The number of people aged 0-14 will decline in places like China and India but grow in African nations. Those aged 15-64, who make up the workforce, will shrink in China, Japan, and Russia but expand greatly in India, Nigeria, and other developing countries.
- These shifting demographic trends will influence each nation's social and economic success and require changes to marketing approaches to reach different generations over time.
Demographic change and its impact on economies and local areasOECD CFE
1. The working age population in the EU and US is projected to decline as a percentage of the total population between 2000-2039, with Europe experiencing particularly rapid population aging.
2. Many EU regions will see the number of people aged 20-64 per 10,000 aged 65+ fall below 200 by 2030, indicating an increasing elderly dependency ratio.
3. If EU employment is to grow 1% annually as targeted by Europe 2020 goals, growth will turn negative around 2030 due to declining working age population unless productivity increases are achieved. This will further pressure productivity and economic growth.
Ehip1 caring through-sharing the-e health-landscape dirk de langhe veronique ...imec.archive
The document discusses trends in healthcare and the potential for eHealth to help address challenges in the industry. It notes that the world population is growing and aging, placing more demands on healthcare systems. New technologies are needed to help improve quality of care, access, and efficiency. eHealth aims to transform healthcare through more integrated and collaborative systems that support prevention, early diagnosis, and targeted treatments. This can help move healthcare from a focus on treating late-stage disease to emphasizing early health and wellness. However, key issues around standards, funding, change management, privacy, and coordination of innovation still need to be addressed for eHealth to realize its full potential.
The document discusses the global digital and health divides between developed and developing nations. It notes that developing regions have significantly lower rates of access to technologies like phones, internet, and broadband as well as lower health spending and doctor availability per capita. This widening digital divide risks increasing inequality in health outcomes. To address this, the document argues for rethinking solutions to prioritize the developing world context, reduce communication costs, and find sustainable funding models in order to maximize the benefits of technologies for improving health.
The document discusses global migration trends from 1990 to 2013. It notes that the number of international migrants has steadily increased and more migrants are coming from middle- and low-income countries. The top emigration countries are Mexico, India, and Russia, while the top immigration countries are the United States, Russia, and Germany. Migration patterns and numbers are difficult to project due to unreliable data from many countries. The document concludes by noting migration will be an important factor in population changes in many world regions by 2050.
The Global Europe 2050 presents and quantifies three scenarios that identify the main pathways Europe could follow in the coming decades:
• the Nobody cares scenario where Europe
is in a ‘muddling through’ process;
• the EU under threat where Europe is faced by
an economic decline and protectionist reactions;
• the European Renaissance where the EU
continues to enlarge and become stronger
with more efficient innovation systems.
The document discusses strategies for improving Roma inclusion using EU funds from 2014-2020. It notes that currently there are relatively few EU-funded programs that specifically target Roma inclusion and that Roma populations still face multi-dimensional barriers. The document recommends prioritizing education, vocational training, and involving Roma NGOs and local authorities. It outlines the thematic objectives and complementary funds that could support Roma inclusion related to employment, social inclusion, education, and provides guidance for local authorities to partner and network to help prepare for 2014-2020 EU funding opportunities.
Nearly three quarters of EU households had internet access in 2011, up from 54% in 2006. Two thirds of Europeans used the internet at least once a week in 2011, while one quarter had never used it. There were significant differences between countries, with over 80% weekly usage in Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Finland, Sweden and UK, but under 60% in Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Cyprus, Poland, Portugal and Romania. Nearly 68% of EU households had broadband internet connections in 2011, a large increase from 42% in 2007.
This document contains 58 visualizations that summarize global demographic trends over time. The visualizations show that:
1) The world population has grown exponentially in the past 12,000 years and is projected to continue growing significantly, especially in Africa.
2) Urbanization is increasing rapidly worldwide as more people move to cities, especially in Africa, Asia, and China.
3) Life expectancy is rising globally and is projected to increase by another 12 years on average by 2100, while the elderly population is growing.
4) Levels of education are rising worldwide as more people receive primary education and beyond.
Greek Public Debt Crisis and Options for a SolutionPhilip Ammerman
Navigator Consulting Group Ltd. presented its economic forecast for Greece and its scenarios for the public debt crisis at a conference organised by the Open University of Catalonia and AENI on May 25-27, 2011.
The theme of the conference was to review the present status of the European public finance crisis and to examine its likely future repercussions and potential solutions.
Navigator’s Hellenic Debt Forecast provides an integrated model for assessing central government debt, tax revenue and expenditure, interest costs, total debt and debt service costs. It is one of the most comprehensive such models available, and is continually updated to reflect the current situation in the country.
Demographic Change from a European Perspective - An Adaptive Leadership Chall...guest6a7f8287a
Higher life expectancy and declining fertility are not new trends.
Demographic change will intensify cohesion issues of the German
society over the next few years.
The global demographic trend is calling for new mechanisms of
resource allocation and accelerated adaptation processes.
Dealing constructively with demographic change calls for adaptive leadership.
Demographic Change from a European Perspective - An Adaptive Leadership Chall...Johannes Meier
Presentation by Johannes Meier given at Tufts University, May 2008.
Higher life expectancy and declining fertility are not new trends.
Demographic change will intensify cohesion issues of the German
society over the next few years.
The global demographic trend is calling for new mechanisms of
resource allocation and accelerated adaptation processes.
Deal constructively with demographic change calls for adaptive leadership.
Interesting slides on social & macroeconomicsBruno Gremez
Compilation of Slides from Thomas Picketty, French Economist whose work focuses on wealth and income inequality. He argues a.o. that rates of return on capital in developed countries are persistently greater than economic growth rates, which results in increasing inequalities.
This document discusses global population trends and international migration. It notes that while global population will continue growing, fertility rates are falling. Life expectancy is rising globally. Migration is becoming a larger driver of population change. Many developed regions will see declining working age populations without migration. Most international migrants reside in their region of birth. The document outlines shifting global demographic trends and priorities around facilitating orderly migration, assessing labor needs, responsibility sharing for humanitarian crises, leveraging opportunities from migration, and strengthening integration and cooperation.
This document discusses global population trends and international migration. It notes that while global population will continue growing, fertility rates are falling. Life expectancy is rising globally. Migration is becoming a larger driver of population change. Many developed regions will see declining working age populations without migration. Most international migrants reside in their region of birth. The document outlines shifting global demographic trends and priorities around facilitating orderly migration, assessing labor needs, responsibility sharing for humanitarian crises, leveraging opportunities from migration, and strengthening integration and cooperation.
This document discusses migration trends in Italy. There are approximately 3.9 million legal migrants, comprising 6.5% of the population. Most migrants come from other European countries. While migrants make up a small percentage of the population compared to other Western countries, their numbers have grown significantly in recent decades. Studies show that migrants have not negatively impacted Italian employment or wages on the aggregate level. However, some low-skilled Italian workers may face more direct competition. Migrants also contribute more in taxes than they receive in government services and benefits. While some media coverage portrays migrants as threatening due to crime rates, studies find no causal link between increased migration and crime. Overall, migrants represent an important economic and fiscal resource for Italy.
Institutional Innovation and Investment in Rural Public Goods for Development...Joachim von Braun
This document discusses institutional innovation and investment in rural public goods. It begins by outlining changes in the global context that affect rural development issues, such as globalization, decentralization, and technology changes. It then examines the role of institutions in providing rural public goods, which support rural growth and poverty reduction. Specific examples of important public goods and institutional arrangements that could deliver them are discussed. The document concludes by proposing a new research focus on synergies between investments in public goods, technologies, and institutional innovations to promote sustainable rural development.
Envisioning the future of education and jobsEduSkills OECD
Revolution. Contained within that often-frightening word is another, less-destabilising one: evolution. If we look at this fourth Industrial Revolution as the end result of a series of advances propelled by the force of global trends, then we have a better chance of meeting the challenges it presents, rather than being ambushed by it. We will also be better equipped to help our children prepare for their future.
This report, the product of a collaboration between the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the UK-based charity, Education and Employers, offers a glimpse of how children see their future, and the forces that, if properly understood and harnessed, will drive them forward to realise their dreams. Through concerted actions by educators and business leaders, we can help our children develop the kinds of skills needed not only to weather, but to take advantage of this revolution.
The future will be about pairing the artificial intelligence of computers with the cognitive, social and emotional capabilities of humans, so that we educate first-class humans, not second-class robots. It is our responsibility, as concerned adults, to acknowledge and understand the trends that are shaping this industrial revolution, and to impart that understanding to our children as early as possible. It is our responsibility, in other words, to help our children get ready for their future.
Download the paper at http://www.oecd.org/education/Envisioning-the-future-of-education-and-jobs.pdf
Similar to Demographic transition, ageing and migration (20)
Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi - refugee crises one generation laterMigrationPolicyCentre
The document discusses lessons that Europe could learn from Iran's experience hosting Afghan refugees over several decades. It summarizes that over 2.5 million Afghans have migrated to Iran since the 1970s due to conflict in Afghanistan. While Iran initially pursued repatriation policies, many Afghan refugees have integrated long-term or permanently. The second generation of Afghan youth in Iran have largely adapted in terms of social behaviors like fertility but have faced barriers to full occupational integration. Most second-generation Afghan youth in Iran do not intend to return to Afghanistan in the short-term, though separated groups are more likely to want to return compared to integrated groups. Europe could learn from Iran's experience that long-term refugee populations may integrate over
This document discusses demographic challenges facing the EU and tools for monitoring preparedness. It provides statistics on migration flows and stocks in the EU. Over the past 50 years, migration has overtaken natural population change as the main driver of population growth. The EU population is aging rapidly and becoming more diverse due to migration. Several monitoring tools are highlighted that measure preparedness for issues like aging, integration, and labor supply shortages. The document argues for developing aggregated measures of preparedness to better understand differences between countries. Examples of hypothetical indexes are presented to illustrate how monitoring tools could be combined.
This document discusses aging, senescence, and longevity. It examines world records for longevity and whether maximum longevity is increasing. While maximum longevity is around 122 years, maximum life expectancy is unlikely to reach 120 due to heterogeneity. Life expectancy has likely slowed or may stop increasing between 90-100 years. Population aging is a global phenomenon that endangers pension and health care systems. However, if threshold ages are properly adjusted, aging driven by improved survival is no longer a problem, though fertility-related aging issues remain. The document concludes there are physical limits to aging and survival that are unknown, but societies must adapt to population aging.
This document summarizes Wolfgang Lutz's presentation on using 4-dimensional demographic scenarios to assess the impacts of migration on Europe's future population structure. It discusses analyzing populations by age, sex, education level, and labor force participation status to better understand issues like productivity, economic well-being, and integration. The presentation argues that factors like education are important to capture when projecting populations and should be explicitly included in demographic models.
Juan Dolado - the challenges of an ageing population for savings capital mark...MigrationPolicyCentre
The document discusses the challenges posed by an aging population for economic growth and discusses different views on this issue. It notes that an aging population can reduce the workforce and productivity growth, and alter savings patterns. However, it also argues that these effects may be overstated if they do not account for behavioral changes. Specifically, older workers may work longer, female labor participation could increase through migration, and productivity may rise through new inventions addressing aging. While pensions pose challenges, dismantling systems abruptly may also hurt growth. The best approach balances pension reforms with policies to boost employment and productivity through job training and infrastructure investment.
The demand for caregivers is projected to increase due to factors such as rising elderly populations, declining domestic labor supply, and increasing long-term care expenditures. Regression models estimate the demand for foreign, third-country national, and EU caregivers based on variables like the unemployed/inactive female population, population over age 75, and long-term care spending. The models project increasing demand for caregivers through 2050, with the extended model forecasting a need for up to around 9 million caregivers by 2050 compared to around 3.5 million currently. However, forecasts are sensitive to assumptions about female labor participation and elderly morbidity rates.
Sona Kalantaryan - which migrants are needed for growth and innovationMigrationPolicyCentre
The document discusses how migration impacts innovation in Europe. It finds that migrants can have a positive effect on productivity and innovation, but that this effect varies significantly by sector. Highly educated migrants tend to boost innovation more in high-tech sectors, while middle and lower-educated migrants contribute more to manufacturing. Younger migrants also tend to contribute more to innovation, especially in manufacturing and high-tech. The diversity of migrant countries of origin only increases innovation in the services sector. The document recommends that migration policy be tailored to specific sectoral and skill demands, rather than taking a one-size-fits-all approach.
Pablo Lattes - replacement migration revisiting a debated concept 15 years laterMigrationPolicyCentre
This document discusses replacement migration and its role in addressing population aging and decline in Europe. It presents population data and projections for Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand under various migration scenarios from 2015 to 2050. Higher migration scenarios result in larger total populations but younger populations and more favorable dependency ratios compared to scenarios with lower or no migration. Additional factors like fertility rates and the characteristics of migrants also impact projections. Migration can significantly influence population size and structure but Europe currently experiences lower migration levels than other regions.
Philippe De Bruycker - european and national rules on migrationMigrationPolicyCentre
This document discusses whether European and national migration laws and policies factor in demography. It notes that while demography is often presented as an objective of migration policy, it is less clear if it is concretely considered. Some countries like Australia and Canada explicitly use immigration to influence population size and structure through quotas, points systems, and annual planning targets. However, the EU framework does not establish migration quotas due to legal and political obstacles, instead relying on soft law approaches. Demographic considerations are also seen in some policies like family migration but not areas like asylum. Overall the document examines how different jurisdictions approach demography in migration policy design.
The document discusses ageing populations in Europe and attitudes towards immigration. It finds that generally older individuals hold more negative views of immigration. Survey data across many European countries from 2003-2014 shows those over 55 are more likely than younger age groups to believe immigrants do not contribute to their country. Regression analysis also indicates older age is associated with viewing immigration as a top issue and disagreeing that immigration can address population ageing. Attitudes are also shaped by political ideology and economic conditions at both individual and country levels.
Thomas Liebig - TRENDS AND COMPOSITION OF MIGRATION FLOWS What role for policy?MigrationPolicyCentre
This document discusses trends and policies around global migration flows. It finds that around 1 in 5 people in OECD countries have a migration background. While permanent migration to OECD countries was impacted by the financial crisis, free movement within Europe remains a significant source of migration. Policy approaches to highly skilled migration vary, from job offer-based systems to point-based systems, with most countries seeking to recruit and retain international students and skilled workers.
Anastasia Gage - high fertility and african migration to the euMigrationPolicyCentre
- The document summarizes trends in African migration to the EU and the role of high fertility rates in countries of origin as a push factor. It finds that while high fertility contributes to rapid population growth and constraints on resources, it is not a predominant explanation on its own. Fertility is declining more slowly in West and Middle Africa and is higher among uneducated women. Improving education, access to family planning, jobs, and governance could help address high fertility and its impacts on migration pressures.
This document analyzes family-related migration from a European perspective. It finds that family migration represents a major entry channel for newcomers in Europe, unlike labor migration which countries can select for. There are differences between family reunification, where a first migrant brings relatives, and family formation where a migrant already in a country brings a partner. The document uses survey data to examine the magnitude and profiles of couples migrating for family reasons across long-standing and new immigration countries in Europe. It finds higher education inhibits women's family migration following men but does not impact men's family migration following women, challenging traditional family roles. The document calls for more attention to family migration both academically and in policy.
This document discusses labour migration and its costs and benefits. It covers several key points:
1. Labour migration occurs due to excess supply of workers in sending countries and excess demand in receiving countries. However, the effects are not always positive.
2. The effects of immigration on receiving countries include impacts on the aggregate economy, labour markets, welfare systems, immigrant assimilation patterns, and social integration.
3. Sending countries are affected through changes in demographics, economic growth, brain drain/gain, remittances, labour markets, and welfare.
National minorities, multiculturalism and migration in Eurasia - Shaping lega...MigrationPolicyCentre
This document discusses national minorities, multiculturalism, and migration in Eurasia. It provides context on the evolution of treating national minorities and how that has affected migration trends. It also examines how lessons learned from regulating minority issues in former Soviet Union countries can be applied to new migrants. Key points include definitions of national minorities, frameworks like the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, how national minorities are defined in different jurisdictions, and statistics on ethnic minorities and migration in several countries. Challenges regarding the legal treatment of national minorities are also outlined.
Policy responses to multiculturalism, integration and diversity - part 2MigrationPolicyCentre
Migration in Europe: Old hosts,
Recent Hosts and Countries in
Transition
Executive Training Migration in the EU and its Neighbourhood
Florence, 21 January 2013
by Anna Triandafyllidou
Policy responses to multiculturalism, integration and diversity - part 2
Demographic transition, ageing and migration
1. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies
Demographic Trends and the Future of
Migration in the European Union
Philippe Fargues
Executive Training on Migration in the EU and its
Neighbouhood
Florence, 21 January 2013
www.eui.eu/RSCAS 1
2. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies
Three challenges
1. Demographic size of Europe
2. Europe’s labour force, production and
welfare
3. Low fertility, high immigration and
identity
www.eui.eu/RSCAS 2
3. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies
Fig.1: Total population of the European Union
1952-2010 and projection 2010-2050
700
600
EU
500
Population (million)
27 MS
400
USA
300
200
100
0
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Source: Author's calculation based on UN Population Data Online
www.eui.eu/RSCAS 3
4. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies
Table 1: Population growth of the European Union 1952-
2010
In 1952 178
Total population (millions)
In 2010 498
Enlargement 248
Population increase
Demography* 72
(millions)
Total 319
* Natural population increase + migration balance
Source: UN Population Online
www.eui.eu/RSCAS 4
5. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies
Fig.2: Population of the European Union in
percentage of world population 1952-2050
16,0%
14,0%
12,0%
10,0%
8,0%
"EU"
6,0%
4,0% 27 MS
2,0%
0,0%
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Source: Author's calculation based on UN Population Data Online
www.eui.eu/RSCAS 5
6. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies
Fig. 3: Population of Europe and Africa in
percentage of world population 1900-2050
25%
20%
Europe Africa
15%
10%
5%
1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
Source: UN Population Data Online
www.eui.eu/RSCAS 6
7. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies
Table 2: Expected population gains and losses between 2010 and 2050 by age
groups
B Migration continues at
Future migration A Migration stops as of 2010
current levels
Scenario 1: No further enlargement of the EU
Change 2010-2050 Absolute Relative Absolute Relative
0-20 -22 -27% -8 -10%
20-65 -93 -27% -39 -12%
Age group
65+ 57 65% 62 71%
Total -58 -11% 15 3%
Scenario 2: Entry of Croatia, Iceland, Macedonia and Turkey in the EU
Change 2010-2050 Absolute Relative Absolute Relative
0-20 2 3% 16 20%
20-65 -33 -10% 21 6%
Age group
65+ 76 88% 81 94%
Total 45 9% 118 23%
Source: Autor's calculation based on EUROSTAT and UN Population Data Online
www.eui.eu/RSCAS 7
8. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies
Fig.5: Old age dependency ratio 1952-2050
70%
60%
50%
Population 65+ / 20-65
27 MS
40%
30%
20% World
10%
0%
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Source: Author's calculation based on UN Population Data Online
www.eui.eu/RSCAS 8
9. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies
Figure 8: EU Workforce Ageing - No-Migration Scenario
2010- 2030 (Eurostat data)
75.0
P
o 70.0
p
u M 65.0
Population
l i aged 60-69
a l
60.0
t l
i i Population
55.0
o o aged 25-34
n n
50.0
i
45.0
n
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
www.eui.eu/RSCAS 9
10. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies
Fig.6: Age at retirement necessary to maintain
old age dependency ratios at 2010 level
80
75
Age in years
27 MS
70
65
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Source: Author's calculation based on EUROSTAT projections
www.eui.eu/RSCAS 10
11. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies
Fig. 7: Stocks of new migrants required to maintain in 2020
and 2030 the size of the working age population at 2010 level
Million migrants
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
2020
20.0 2030
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
Netherlands
Greece
Romania
Cyprus
Denmark
Malta
Austria
Portugal
Spain
United Kingdom
Total EU-27
Slovenia
Lithuania
Finland
Latvia
Belgium
Hungary
Czech Republic
Poland
Ireland
Sweden
Italy
Estonia
Bulgaria
Slovakia
Germany
Luxembourg
France
www.eui.eu/RSCAS 11
12. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies
Fig; 9: Percentage Non-Western in Western European Populations
According to Ethnic Projections 2000-2050
25
England
20
Germany
Netherlands
15
Norway
10
Denmark
5
0
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070
Source: Coleman, 2006
www.eui.eu/RSCAS 12
13. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies
Fig. 10: Population of the Netherlands by Origin and Age
1st January 2009
90 to 95
80 to 85
70 to 75
60 to 65
Age Group
50 to 55
40 to 45
30 to 35
20 to 25
10 to 15
0 to 5
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
Non-western foreign background Dutch background
Source: Statistics Netherlands - http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/default.aspx?LA=EN
www.eui.eu/RSCAS 13