The document discusses migration trends in Portugal. It notes that Portugal experienced significant emigration in the 20th century to countries like Brazil, Canada, and parts of Europe. However, Portugal became more of an immigration destination in the 1970s as it gained independence from African colonies and saw many return. Today, immigrants in Portugal come from all over the world, including Eastern Europe, former Portuguese colonies in Africa, and Brazil. The document outlines some of the positive and negative consequences of immigration to Portugal.
This dissertation paper provides an overview of immigration to Greece during the 1990s. It begins by discussing Greece's history as an emigration country after World War 2. In the 1990s, factors like the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, civil wars in the Balkans, and strong economic growth in Southern Europe led to Greece becoming a destination for immigrants. The paper examines the reasons for immigration, including push factors in source countries and pull factors in Greece. It outlines the origins and economic roles of immigrants and issues like trafficking and Greek immigration policy.
Switzerland is located in Central Europe. The Swiss enjoy hiking in the mountains, yodeling, playing long horns, and have a diet of chocolate and cheese. They live in wooden huts with cuckoo clocks. However, those from Zurich are wealthy bankers who help corrupt politicians. Overall, Switzerland is very clean and focused on the environment.
De acordo com o documento, entre 2006 e 2009 aproximadamente 94 mil estrangeiros receberam a nacionalidade portuguesa devido a alterações na lei de imigração. A lei passou a permitir a entrada de trabalhadores estrangeiros com contratos de trabalho e a concessão mais fácil da nacionalidade portuguesa. Atualmente, os principais países de origem dos imigrantes em Portugal são o Brasil, Cabo Verde, Ucrânia e China.
The document provides guidance on preparing for a Model United Nations (MUN) committee, including writing a position paper for one's assigned country. It recommends including an introduction with background on the issue and country's position, a main body with the country's actions and supporting evidence, and a conclusion with suggested solutions. The main body should comprehensively break down the issues and include the country's actions regarding the problem, supporting evidence/facts, and relevant UN actions/agreements.
The document discusses global migration trends, including types of migrants and factors that push and pull people to migrate. It focuses on migration within Europe, including illegal immigration across southern European borders and migration of eastern Europeans after the EU's expansion. Specific examples analyze eastern European migration to the UK, costs and benefits for both source and host countries, as well as challenges around managing migration.
Policy responses to multiculturalism, integration and diversity - part 2MigrationPolicyCentre
Migration in Europe: Old hosts,
Recent Hosts and Countries in
Transition
Executive Training Migration in the EU and its Neighbourhood
Florence, 21 January 2013
by Anna Triandafyllidou
This dissertation paper provides an overview of immigration to Greece during the 1990s. It begins by discussing Greece's history as an emigration country after World War 2. In the 1990s, factors like the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, civil wars in the Balkans, and strong economic growth in Southern Europe led to Greece becoming a destination for immigrants. The paper examines the reasons for immigration, including push factors in source countries and pull factors in Greece. It outlines the origins and economic roles of immigrants and issues like trafficking and Greek immigration policy.
Switzerland is located in Central Europe. The Swiss enjoy hiking in the mountains, yodeling, playing long horns, and have a diet of chocolate and cheese. They live in wooden huts with cuckoo clocks. However, those from Zurich are wealthy bankers who help corrupt politicians. Overall, Switzerland is very clean and focused on the environment.
De acordo com o documento, entre 2006 e 2009 aproximadamente 94 mil estrangeiros receberam a nacionalidade portuguesa devido a alterações na lei de imigração. A lei passou a permitir a entrada de trabalhadores estrangeiros com contratos de trabalho e a concessão mais fácil da nacionalidade portuguesa. Atualmente, os principais países de origem dos imigrantes em Portugal são o Brasil, Cabo Verde, Ucrânia e China.
The document provides guidance on preparing for a Model United Nations (MUN) committee, including writing a position paper for one's assigned country. It recommends including an introduction with background on the issue and country's position, a main body with the country's actions and supporting evidence, and a conclusion with suggested solutions. The main body should comprehensively break down the issues and include the country's actions regarding the problem, supporting evidence/facts, and relevant UN actions/agreements.
The document discusses global migration trends, including types of migrants and factors that push and pull people to migrate. It focuses on migration within Europe, including illegal immigration across southern European borders and migration of eastern Europeans after the EU's expansion. Specific examples analyze eastern European migration to the UK, costs and benefits for both source and host countries, as well as challenges around managing migration.
Policy responses to multiculturalism, integration and diversity - part 2MigrationPolicyCentre
Migration in Europe: Old hosts,
Recent Hosts and Countries in
Transition
Executive Training Migration in the EU and its Neighbourhood
Florence, 21 January 2013
by Anna Triandafyllidou
A pattern for global policy excursion into the causes and implications of mig...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper on the causes and implications of migration from African and European perspectives. Some key findings:
1) Violence and poverty in Africa are major push factors for migration to Europe, while restrictive European policies and anti-immigrant sentiment marginalize African migrants.
2) African governments should promote development while controlling illegal emigration, and Europe should reform trade policies and establish international agreements with Africa.
3) Interviews with experts found that migrants from communal African cultures feel alienated in individualistic European cultures, lacking a sense of belonging. Cultural differences in childrearing and gender roles also cause challenges.
This document discusses immigration trends and policies in the European Union. It provides background on post-WWII immigration to EU countries for labor and details how immigration policies changed in the 1970s. Current immigration patterns and the proportion of immigrants in various EU countries are also examined. The document outlines efforts towards developing a common EU immigration policy and integrating immigrants.
Brazil has experienced large waves of immigration over centuries from Europe, Africa, and Asia. Millions of Europeans and Africans immigrated to Brazil between the 16th century and World War 2, with Europeans making up the majority. Starting in the late 20th century, the flow reversed as millions of Brazilians emigrated to other countries like the US and Europe due to economic difficulties in Brazil. In recent decades Brazil has seen growing immigration again as its economy has stabilized, though much of this new immigration is irregular.
Taller sobre la integración en España, impartido por Remedios Orellana, profesora de Lengua y Literatura del IES Mercedes Labrador.
Proyecto I CHANGE Erasmus+
Francia 2017
This document discusses migration patterns in Spain. It notes that Spain has experienced both significant immigration and emigration in recent decades. During the Franco regime, many Spaniards moved from rural to urban areas. More recently, Spain saw large increases in migrants from Latin America and Eastern Europe who filled jobs in agriculture and services. However, since the 2008 financial crisis, many Spanish citizens and migrants have left Spain due to high unemployment. At the same time, Spain struggles with large numbers of refugees and illegal immigrants entering from Africa, though it has taken steps like border fences to reduce flows. Overall, migration remains an ongoing challenge for Spain's population and economy.
1) France experienced slow population growth in the 19th and early 20th centuries compared to other European countries due to a lower birth rate. It opened itself up to immigration to avoid population decline.
2) Currently, about a quarter of France's population is made up of immigrants or those with at least one immigrant grandparent. Major sources of immigration include countries from Southern Europe, North Africa, and former French colonies.
3) France's population growth has been atypical compared to other Western nations due to its earlier decline in birth rate and relatively low immigration historically. This resulted in France losing its early demographic advantage over countries like Germany and the United States.
In 2009 the number of outbound tourists from Argentina was 4.9 million. However, the majority of them travelled to neighbouring countries, mostly Brazil and Chile. This fact is reflected by the statistics showing the most common choice for transportation: in 2009 38% of outbound tourists chose air travel and 46% opted for travelling on land.
The document discusses Eastern European migration to the UK following the EU's expansion in 2004. It summarizes that many migrants from Eastern European countries like Poland come to the UK for higher wages than they can earn at home. While this migration provides economic benefits like filling jobs and contributing remittances, it can also place social pressures through increased population and use of public services in some UK areas. Both the source and host countries experience both costs and benefits from this migration.
This document discusses the history of migration in Spain in two periods: 1) From the 16th-19th centuries when Spain was a source of emigrants leaving for economic reasons, especially to America, and 2) From the 1970s to present day when Spain became a destination for immigrants due to its economic growth. It also describes the internal migration within Spain from rural to urban areas from the 19th century to the 1970s. Currently over 6 million foreigners live in Spain, accounting for 11% of the population. This immigration has boosted Spain's economy but its population is still aging with a negative natural growth rate.
Brazil has a total population of over 205 million inhabitants as of 2012 with a population density higher than average. The population has fluctuated over time due to factors such as Portuguese colonization in the 1500s, the influx of over 100,000 Portuguese and African slaves between 1500-1700 which increased the population, a higher increase between 1700-1800 with over 600,000 Portuguese immigrants working in mines, rapid growth following independence in the 1800s with European immigration, followed by a decrease between 1900-1980 due to disease, violence and forced relocations, and now current population growth due to improved stability and security. Immigration, especially from Portugal, has been a significant factor influencing Brazil's population over the centuries.
Brazil has a total population of over 205 million inhabitants as of 2012 with a population density higher than average. The population has fluctuated over time, first decreasing in the 1500s due to Portuguese colonization and diseases, before increasing between 1500-1700 with the arrival of over 100,000 Portuguese settlers and African slaves for plantations. The population growth accelerated from 1700-1800 with over 600,000 Portuguese immigrants working in mines. Major growth continued from 1800-1900 following independence, aided by European immigration. However, from 1900-1980 the population declined sharply due to diseases, violence, and forced relocations. Today the population is growing again due to improved protections under Brazilian rule.
Italy has a long history of emigration but more recently experienced large-scale immigration starting in the 1970s. Over 26 million Italians emigrated between 1861 and 1985, largely due to slow economic growth in Italy. While emigration declined after 1970, immigration increased dramatically with over 1 million foreign residents by the mid-1990s. Immigrants filled roles in agriculture, construction, manufacturing, and services. Several acts of legalization in the 1980s and 1990s regularized hundreds of thousands of undocumented immigrants. Today, immigrants make up over 7.5% of Italy's population and have had both economic and social impacts.
The immigration phenomenon in the european unionEuridiki
Immigration to Europe has a long history and is a complex issue with both benefits and impacts. Each year around 2 million individuals immigrate to Europe for reasons like economic opportunities, education, and conflict. In response, the European Union has implemented common immigration policies to manage flows and integrate immigrants, such as the Hague Program from 2004-2010 addressing asylum standards, partnerships with origin countries, and visa rules. However, immigration levels and their effects on Europe remain controversial.
La diversité de la population françaiseDenis Burel
Travail réalisé dans le cadre du projet Erasmus+, Migrations et invasions, héritage partagé, opportunités futures. Présentation de la diversité de la population française
The document discusses several topics related to globalization including:
1. Globalization refers to the growing interdependence between countries through increased trade, capital flows, and technology diffusion.
2. Key drivers of globalization include advances in transportation and technology, the rise of multinational corporations, and international organizations.
3. Globalization has contributed to both increased economic opportunities but also greater inequality between wealthy elites and poor populations in many countries.
A8 my country's migration story (Escola Rosa Oriol Anguera)Karol Barriuso Rayo
As a part of our Erasmus+ Ka2 project "On the Road of Exile" and gathering the student's work about our country's migration story, we came up with this presentation.
The document summarizes research conducted by Migrant Workers North West to understand motivations for migration and contributions of migrant workers in the UK. The organization aims to promote fair employment practices for migrant workers and provide support services. New research involved interviews with migrant workers to understand their experiences beyond "sensationalized" news headlines. The document dispels common myths about migrant workers, such as that they take jobs from British citizens or don't integrate/learn English. Migrant workers are found to fill labor needs, contribute economically, and seek better opportunities through work and language learning.
This document summarizes a research study on undocumented migration and public opinion in Greece. The study interviewed 778 people in Athens and Nafplion about their attitudes toward undocumented immigrants in Greece. It provides background on Greece's economic struggles following the 2008 financial crisis and the resulting 22% decline in GDP. High unemployment and economic failures have led Greek society to take extreme measures against undocumented immigrants. The document reviews literature on the relatively new concept of "illegal immigration" and how migration patterns have changed over time. Greece has shifted from being a country of emigration to one of immigration. The influx of immigrants, both documented and undocumented, impacts economies and can increase social tensions.
Labour migration governance in contemporary Europe. The case of FranceCláudio Carneiro
This document provides an overview of labour immigration governance in France. It discusses the key actors and positions in the debate, outlines the evolution of France's labour immigration system over time, and examines functional equivalents and alternatives to direct labour admission. The summary is as follows:
1. France receives few direct labour immigrants each year but many indirect labour migrants who enter through family or other non-labour channels and participate in the workforce.
2. The political debate involves the center-right, center-left, and far-right, with the latter advocating significant reductions and the former two agreeing on the current hybrid system.
3. Key institutions governing the system include the Interior Ministry, OFII, and
Utrecht is an almost 2000 year old city in the Netherlands that originated as a Roman army camp. It is home to notable attractions like the Domtower and High Catharijne area. The city is also known as the home of FC Utrecht football club.
Este documento presenta un poema musical titulado "Comenius Song" que celebra los sueños de los niños de todo el mundo. El poema se presenta en 7 idiomas diferentes (inglés, griego, español, portugués, catalán, holandés y latín) y expresa el deseo de que todos los niños sean felices sin importar dónde vivan. El mensaje central es que todos tenemos sueños.
A pattern for global policy excursion into the causes and implications of mig...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper on the causes and implications of migration from African and European perspectives. Some key findings:
1) Violence and poverty in Africa are major push factors for migration to Europe, while restrictive European policies and anti-immigrant sentiment marginalize African migrants.
2) African governments should promote development while controlling illegal emigration, and Europe should reform trade policies and establish international agreements with Africa.
3) Interviews with experts found that migrants from communal African cultures feel alienated in individualistic European cultures, lacking a sense of belonging. Cultural differences in childrearing and gender roles also cause challenges.
This document discusses immigration trends and policies in the European Union. It provides background on post-WWII immigration to EU countries for labor and details how immigration policies changed in the 1970s. Current immigration patterns and the proportion of immigrants in various EU countries are also examined. The document outlines efforts towards developing a common EU immigration policy and integrating immigrants.
Brazil has experienced large waves of immigration over centuries from Europe, Africa, and Asia. Millions of Europeans and Africans immigrated to Brazil between the 16th century and World War 2, with Europeans making up the majority. Starting in the late 20th century, the flow reversed as millions of Brazilians emigrated to other countries like the US and Europe due to economic difficulties in Brazil. In recent decades Brazil has seen growing immigration again as its economy has stabilized, though much of this new immigration is irregular.
Taller sobre la integración en España, impartido por Remedios Orellana, profesora de Lengua y Literatura del IES Mercedes Labrador.
Proyecto I CHANGE Erasmus+
Francia 2017
This document discusses migration patterns in Spain. It notes that Spain has experienced both significant immigration and emigration in recent decades. During the Franco regime, many Spaniards moved from rural to urban areas. More recently, Spain saw large increases in migrants from Latin America and Eastern Europe who filled jobs in agriculture and services. However, since the 2008 financial crisis, many Spanish citizens and migrants have left Spain due to high unemployment. At the same time, Spain struggles with large numbers of refugees and illegal immigrants entering from Africa, though it has taken steps like border fences to reduce flows. Overall, migration remains an ongoing challenge for Spain's population and economy.
1) France experienced slow population growth in the 19th and early 20th centuries compared to other European countries due to a lower birth rate. It opened itself up to immigration to avoid population decline.
2) Currently, about a quarter of France's population is made up of immigrants or those with at least one immigrant grandparent. Major sources of immigration include countries from Southern Europe, North Africa, and former French colonies.
3) France's population growth has been atypical compared to other Western nations due to its earlier decline in birth rate and relatively low immigration historically. This resulted in France losing its early demographic advantage over countries like Germany and the United States.
In 2009 the number of outbound tourists from Argentina was 4.9 million. However, the majority of them travelled to neighbouring countries, mostly Brazil and Chile. This fact is reflected by the statistics showing the most common choice for transportation: in 2009 38% of outbound tourists chose air travel and 46% opted for travelling on land.
The document discusses Eastern European migration to the UK following the EU's expansion in 2004. It summarizes that many migrants from Eastern European countries like Poland come to the UK for higher wages than they can earn at home. While this migration provides economic benefits like filling jobs and contributing remittances, it can also place social pressures through increased population and use of public services in some UK areas. Both the source and host countries experience both costs and benefits from this migration.
This document discusses the history of migration in Spain in two periods: 1) From the 16th-19th centuries when Spain was a source of emigrants leaving for economic reasons, especially to America, and 2) From the 1970s to present day when Spain became a destination for immigrants due to its economic growth. It also describes the internal migration within Spain from rural to urban areas from the 19th century to the 1970s. Currently over 6 million foreigners live in Spain, accounting for 11% of the population. This immigration has boosted Spain's economy but its population is still aging with a negative natural growth rate.
Brazil has a total population of over 205 million inhabitants as of 2012 with a population density higher than average. The population has fluctuated over time due to factors such as Portuguese colonization in the 1500s, the influx of over 100,000 Portuguese and African slaves between 1500-1700 which increased the population, a higher increase between 1700-1800 with over 600,000 Portuguese immigrants working in mines, rapid growth following independence in the 1800s with European immigration, followed by a decrease between 1900-1980 due to disease, violence and forced relocations, and now current population growth due to improved stability and security. Immigration, especially from Portugal, has been a significant factor influencing Brazil's population over the centuries.
Brazil has a total population of over 205 million inhabitants as of 2012 with a population density higher than average. The population has fluctuated over time, first decreasing in the 1500s due to Portuguese colonization and diseases, before increasing between 1500-1700 with the arrival of over 100,000 Portuguese settlers and African slaves for plantations. The population growth accelerated from 1700-1800 with over 600,000 Portuguese immigrants working in mines. Major growth continued from 1800-1900 following independence, aided by European immigration. However, from 1900-1980 the population declined sharply due to diseases, violence, and forced relocations. Today the population is growing again due to improved protections under Brazilian rule.
Italy has a long history of emigration but more recently experienced large-scale immigration starting in the 1970s. Over 26 million Italians emigrated between 1861 and 1985, largely due to slow economic growth in Italy. While emigration declined after 1970, immigration increased dramatically with over 1 million foreign residents by the mid-1990s. Immigrants filled roles in agriculture, construction, manufacturing, and services. Several acts of legalization in the 1980s and 1990s regularized hundreds of thousands of undocumented immigrants. Today, immigrants make up over 7.5% of Italy's population and have had both economic and social impacts.
The immigration phenomenon in the european unionEuridiki
Immigration to Europe has a long history and is a complex issue with both benefits and impacts. Each year around 2 million individuals immigrate to Europe for reasons like economic opportunities, education, and conflict. In response, the European Union has implemented common immigration policies to manage flows and integrate immigrants, such as the Hague Program from 2004-2010 addressing asylum standards, partnerships with origin countries, and visa rules. However, immigration levels and their effects on Europe remain controversial.
La diversité de la population françaiseDenis Burel
Travail réalisé dans le cadre du projet Erasmus+, Migrations et invasions, héritage partagé, opportunités futures. Présentation de la diversité de la population française
The document discusses several topics related to globalization including:
1. Globalization refers to the growing interdependence between countries through increased trade, capital flows, and technology diffusion.
2. Key drivers of globalization include advances in transportation and technology, the rise of multinational corporations, and international organizations.
3. Globalization has contributed to both increased economic opportunities but also greater inequality between wealthy elites and poor populations in many countries.
A8 my country's migration story (Escola Rosa Oriol Anguera)Karol Barriuso Rayo
As a part of our Erasmus+ Ka2 project "On the Road of Exile" and gathering the student's work about our country's migration story, we came up with this presentation.
The document summarizes research conducted by Migrant Workers North West to understand motivations for migration and contributions of migrant workers in the UK. The organization aims to promote fair employment practices for migrant workers and provide support services. New research involved interviews with migrant workers to understand their experiences beyond "sensationalized" news headlines. The document dispels common myths about migrant workers, such as that they take jobs from British citizens or don't integrate/learn English. Migrant workers are found to fill labor needs, contribute economically, and seek better opportunities through work and language learning.
This document summarizes a research study on undocumented migration and public opinion in Greece. The study interviewed 778 people in Athens and Nafplion about their attitudes toward undocumented immigrants in Greece. It provides background on Greece's economic struggles following the 2008 financial crisis and the resulting 22% decline in GDP. High unemployment and economic failures have led Greek society to take extreme measures against undocumented immigrants. The document reviews literature on the relatively new concept of "illegal immigration" and how migration patterns have changed over time. Greece has shifted from being a country of emigration to one of immigration. The influx of immigrants, both documented and undocumented, impacts economies and can increase social tensions.
Labour migration governance in contemporary Europe. The case of FranceCláudio Carneiro
This document provides an overview of labour immigration governance in France. It discusses the key actors and positions in the debate, outlines the evolution of France's labour immigration system over time, and examines functional equivalents and alternatives to direct labour admission. The summary is as follows:
1. France receives few direct labour immigrants each year but many indirect labour migrants who enter through family or other non-labour channels and participate in the workforce.
2. The political debate involves the center-right, center-left, and far-right, with the latter advocating significant reductions and the former two agreeing on the current hybrid system.
3. Key institutions governing the system include the Interior Ministry, OFII, and
Similar to Migration in Portugal 20th century (20)
Utrecht is an almost 2000 year old city in the Netherlands that originated as a Roman army camp. It is home to notable attractions like the Domtower and High Catharijne area. The city is also known as the home of FC Utrecht football club.
Este documento presenta un poema musical titulado "Comenius Song" que celebra los sueños de los niños de todo el mundo. El poema se presenta en 7 idiomas diferentes (inglés, griego, español, portugués, catalán, holandés y latín) y expresa el deseo de que todos los niños sean felices sin importar dónde vivan. El mensaje central es que todos tenemos sueños.
Rotterdam is a city that promotes tourism through its sports, shopping attractions, and buildings and bridges. It is home to two major football stadiums, the Kuip stadium of Feyenoord founded in 1908 with a capacity of over 50,000, and the Sparta Stadion founded in 1888 with a capacity over 11,000. The city also hosts various sporting events.
This document summarizes traditional Dutch foods, including how and when they are typically eaten. It describes snacks like hagelslag (chocolate sprinkles), kroketten, and bitterballen that are eaten for breakfast or lunch. Herring dishes like rauwe haring are eaten, especially on Ash Wednesday. Potatoes, meat and seasonal vegetables are eaten for supper, along with dishes like kale with smoked sausage. Soups like erwtensoep are eaten in winter. Other traditional foods mentioned include poffertjes (mini pancakes), stroopwafels (syrup waffles), and oliebollen (deep fried dough balls eaten on New Year's Eve).
The document summarizes several Dutch festivals including: Sugarfestival celebrated by Muslims after Ramadan with food and gifts; Queen's Day on April 30th where the queen visits cities; Sinterklaas on December 5th where Sinterklaas brings gifts for children; Prinsjesdag on the third Tuesday of September where the queen gives a speech on government plans; Remembrance Day on May 4th to honor World War 2 casualties; Liberation Day on May 5th celebrating the end of World War 2; and the Elfstedentocht ice skating race through 11 Friesland cities, with the most recent held in 1997.
Este documento presenta una canción multilingüe titulada "Comenius Song" que promueve el derecho de todos los niños a soñar y ser felices. La canción incluye versos en inglés, griego, español, portugués, catalán y neerlandés que expresan el deseo de que los niños de todo el mundo tengan sueños y sean felices.
Utrecht is an almost 2000 year old city in the Netherlands that originated as a Roman army camp. It is home to attractions like the Domtower and High Catharijne area. The city is also known as the home of FC Utrecht football club.
The document is a map of the Netherlands that shows the country's location in Europe between Belgium, Germany, and the North Sea. It depicts cities, roads, and geographic features across the country. Key cities labeled on the map include Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht. The map also shows distances between locations in kilometers.
The document summarizes research into different types of migration. It studied voluntary migration as well as involuntary or refugee migration through interviews with migrants and refugees, and by examining the immigration process and surveying non-native students. The research found that voluntary migration is often due to love, work, or seeking a better life, while involuntary migration stems from war, politics or religion. Additionally, it explored the considerations and steps for both legally and illegally entering a new country as a migrant or refugee.
Rotterdam is a city that promotes tourism through its sports, shopping attractions, buildings, bridges, and sporting events. It is home to two major football stadiums: De Kuip, home to Feyenoord founded in 1908 with a capacity of over 51,000; and Sparta Stadion, home to Sparta founded in 1888 with a capacity over 11,000.
The document summarizes several Dutch festivals including: Sugarfestival celebrated by Muslims after Ramadan with food and gifts; Queen's Day on April 30th where the queen visits cities; Sinterklaas on December 5th where Sinterklaas brings gifts for children; Prinsjesdag on the third Tuesday of September where the queen gives a speech on government plans; Remembrance Day on May 4th to honor World War 2 victims; Liberation Day on May 5th celebrating the end of World War 2; and the Elfstedentocht ice skating race through 11 Friesland cities, with the most recent held in 1997.
This document summarizes traditional Dutch foods, including how and when they are typically eaten. It describes snacks like hagelslag (chocolate sprinkles), kroketten (fried meat snacks), and bitterballen (fried meat balls). Main dishes featured are raw herring, potatoes and vegetables with gravy, kale with smoked sausage, pea soup, and syrup waffles. It also mentions special occasion foods like poffertjes (mini pancakes), oliebollen (fried dough balls eaten on New Year's Eve). The presentation provides an overview of iconic elements of Dutch cuisine.
The document summarizes research into different types of migration. It studied voluntary migration as well as involuntary or refugee migration through interviews with migrants and refugees, and by examining the immigration process. Key findings included that voluntary migration is often due to love, work or seeking a better life, while involuntary migration stems from war, politics or religion. Practical considerations for migrating include obtaining proper documentation, visas, work permits and housing, as well as education and employment in the new country under temporary residence permits.
Este documento presenta una canción multilingüe titulada "Comenius Song" que promueve el derecho de todos los niños a soñar y ser felices. La canción incluye versos en inglés, griego, español, portugués, catalán y neerlandés que expresan el deseo de que los niños de todo el mundo tengan sueños y sean felices.
Rotterdam is a city that promotes tourism through its sports, shopping attractions, buildings, bridges, and sporting events. It is home to two major football stadiums: De Kuip, home to Feyenoord founded in 1908 with a capacity of over 51,000; and Sparta Stadion, home to Sparta founded in 1888 with a capacity over 11,000.
The document summarizes several important Greek national holidays and traditions celebrated in schools in Greece. It mentions Independence Day on March 25th, Victory Day over Fascism on October 28th, and Democracy Day on November 17th honoring students killed in protests in 1973. In schools on these days, students typically recite poems, sing songs, and participate in traditional dances along with other activities. Parades are also usually held in main streets accompanied by municipal bands.
The document discusses immigration trends in Greece according to government statistics. It notes that the largest immigrant populations come from Albania, Bulgaria, and other Balkan countries. There was a rise in the foreign-born population between 1991-2001, with the foreign-born making up around 8% of the total population by 2001. Men make up a slightly higher percentage of immigrants than women.
1. Migrations are the movements of people from one place to another.
People migrate for different reasons; it can be because of bad
living conditions existing in their country of origin and poor social mobility
or fewer job opportunities. Other reasons can be better and more
attractive conditions existing in the country of destination, for example
better economic growth or liberalization of trade in Europe.
There are two different types of migrations:
Emigration: It is the act of leaving one country to settle in another.
Immigration: It is the act of entering and settling in a country which is
not your country of origin.
Reasons for migration :
Natural disasters or environmental problems:
- Earthquakes
- Floods
- Eruptions
- Prolonged droughts, etc.
Religious discrimination:
- Religious persecution (e.g.: The persecution of the Jews during the World
War II)
- Ethnic rivalries between ethnic and economic groups
Economic reasons:
- Unemployment
- Low wages
- Deterioration of rural life
Political reasons:
- Political Regimes (in Portugal: the regime of the dictator Salazar, known as
Salazarism)
- Wars
- Political repression
- Political persecution
Reduced barriers to migrations:
- Transport network
- Borders opening.
Emigration :
2. In the 20th century the wave of emigrants in Portugal started to grow at
the beginning of the 20th century during the Republican Movement and
the proclamation of the Republic on the 5th October 1910. The emigration
flow decreased during the First World War (1914-1918), and grew again
during the next decade.
During the first half of the 20th century, migration flow was to the
other side of the Atlantic Ocean, namely to Brazil, the USA, Argentina,
Venezuela, Uruguay, among others. After the Second World War many
Portuguese emigrants went to Canada. In the 1950s many Portuguese
emigrants went to some European countries, especially to France,
Germany, Belgium, Holland, Great Britain, Switzerland, Luxembourg and
Sweden. It is also important to mention the migration flows to Australia.
The colonial polices of the Portuguese regimes, especially in the
30s, also caused an important flow of emigrants to the former Portuguese
colonies, such as Angola, Mozambique, Sao Tome and Principe, Guinea
Bissau, India, (the States of Goa and Di), Macau and Timor. Despite the
fact that the number of emigrants was increasing continuously until the
1970s, it was always lower than the number of those who went to Brazil
and France. Emigration to South Africa, especially between 1964 and
1967, was very high.
The official statistics record shows that, between 1958 and 1974,
1.5 million individuals left Portugal. In 1973, for example, there was a total
number of 123,000 people. The following year, even after all migration
restrictions throughout Europe, 71,000 people left the country.
In the 1980s and 1990s the emigration flow continues, especially
to Germany and Switzerland.
Generally speaking, we can say that in the 20th century there were
2 stages of migration in Portugal:
• From 1900 to 1960 to Brazil, Canada and the USA
• From 1960 to 2000 to Europe, mainly to France and
Germany.
In Portugal: the 1960s were good, due to consignments of emigrants.
However, everything changed in 1975. The decolonisation brings more
than 500 000 people from former colonies, causing political and social
instability and employment break due to the change of regime.
The Portuguese emigration, despite all the barriers, continued today,
in a more modest size, assuming now temporary and increasingly linked
to economic investments, studies, professional activities, etc.
Immigration
3. Portugal only became a migration destination in the 1970s, with the
fall of the dictatorship in 1975 and the independence of its former African
colonies: Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde and São
Tomé e Príncipe, which also brought back hundreds of thousands of
Portuguese who were living in the colonies. They are called “retornados”,
which means people who were living in another country and had to
return to their country of origin because of political or other reasons.
Most immigrants and “retornados” ended up by settling down in the
Lisbon Metropolitan Area.
Since the late 1990s, the geography of immigration to Portugal has
undergone truly profound changes. Nowadays we are hosting immigrants
from many Eastern European countries like Ukraine, Moldova, Romania
and Russia.
Picture 1 - Evolution of legal resident foreign population in Portugal, by
continent of origin, 1980-99
Source: google
Thousands
200
150
100
50
0
1980 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94* 95 96 97 98 1999
Years
Picture 2 -Total Africa North America South America
Legal foreigners in Portugal in 1996 Asia Europe
Source: google
4. Legal foreigners, 1996
Africans and Asians with legal residence in1996 were already 88,316
people (51% of the total number of all foreigners).
Note: These documents refer only to legal residents. It is not possible to
consider the number of people who were illegally living in Portugal,
because is it not known officially.
Despite the fact that the majority of immigrants resides in the Lisbon
Metropolitan Area, it is also possible to find many of them throughout the
country, which is caused by work opportunities available in each region.
Picture 3 - 1998 Distribution of EU
citizens living in Portugal
Source: Google
5. Picture 4 - 1998 Distribution of
citizens coming from former Portuguese
colonies in Africa (PALOP) living in
Portugal
Source: Google
Picture 5 - 1998 Distribution
of Brazilian citizens living in
Portugal 6 - 1998 Distribution
Picture
Source: Google
of Non-European citizens living
in Portugal
Source: Google
6. Academic and Professional level of immigrants living in
Portugal
Eastern European immigrants, although they have relatively high
educational and professional qualifications, are employed in low-paying
and socially-undervalued jobs, such as construction (men) and industrial
cleaning and domestic work (women), among others.
There is a significant percentage of Eastern Europeans working in
agriculture, especially in the Alentejo, the Ribatejo and the Western
Regions of Portugal, as well as in some types of industries in the
Northern Region.
Table - This table represents work contracts made with immigrants who
have Permanence Permits (an authorization to stay in the country for a
longer period of time) per employment sector and per country of origin
(%).
Employment sector Ukrain Brazi Moldov Romani Cape Angol Russi
e l a a Verd a a
e
Agriculture and 5.4 1.6 5.0 6.0 1.5 1.1 4.3
Fishery
Extractive Industry 1.5 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.6
Manufacturing 24.2 7.8 13.3 8.8 4.2 4.7 28.1
Industry
Water , Gas and 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Electricity
Construction 41.3 25.5 54.1 53.4 43.4 33.7 32.3
Commerce 7.0 12.1 5.8 5.5 6.0 8.1 7.3
Restaurants and 6.0 22.1 6.0 6.6 9.2 14.1 9.6
Hotels
Transports and 1.5 2.0 2.4 1.2 0.6 0.6 1.4
Communications
Services 13.1 28.6 12.8 17.9 34.9 37.7 16.3
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
7. Immigration consequences
There are several positive and negative consequences concerning
immigration, such as:
• Increase of the population;
• Increase of the birth rate as a result of larger number of young
people and adults coming to Portugal;
• Rejuvenation of the population in general;
• Increase of the number of working population;
• Cultural enrichment of the population;
• Possible emergence of slums and inadequate living conditions for
more disadvantaged families ;
• Difficulties in accepting new cultures, languages and customs.
Bibliography
http://www.marktest.com/wap/a/n/id~5d9.aspx - 03/12/2009
http://www.sermelhor.com/especial/portugal_e_as_migracoes.htm -
03/12/2009
http://www.migrationinformation.org/feature/display.cfm?ID=77 - 02/12/2009
http://imigrantes.no.sapo.pt/page6portugal.html - 29/12/2009
http://imigrantes.no.sapo.pt/page6.html – 29/12/2009
http://ideiasetemas.blogs.sapo.pt/510.html – 29/12/2009
http://www.libreopinion.com/members/imigport/numeros.htm - 03/12/2009
http://imigrantes.no.sapo.pt/page6brasil.html – 27/12/2009
http://www.oecd.org/document/6/0,3343,en_2649_33931_36770438_1_1_1_1,00.h
tml
http://www.oi.acidi.gov.pt/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=97
http://eurowatch.blogspot.com/2009/01/portugal-sustains.html
http://www.migrationinformation.org/feature/display.cfm?ID=77
Diciopédia 2008 – Porto Editora
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