International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Reactive Power Compensation in Distribution Network with Slide Mode MPPT Cont...IJRST Journal
The Grid connected PV system requires a proper voltage control controller.
In this paper an efficient voltage control by using slide mode controller with
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is presented. The voltage
command is determined by the PV panel. Here the sliding mode controller is
designed so as to balance the power flow from PV panel to the grid and load
such that the PV power is utilized effectively. The design and simulation
using MATLAB is presented in this work.
Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for Photovoltaic SystemIJPEDS-IAES
In this study, a fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) based maximum power point tracking strategy has been applied for photovoltaic (PV) system. The key idea of the proposed technique is to combine the performances of the fuzzy logic and the sliding mode control in order to improve the generated power for a given set of climatic conditions. Different from traditional sliding mode control, the developed FSMC integrates two parts. The first part uses a fuzzy logic controller with two inputs and 25 rules as an equivalent controller while the second part is designed for an online adjusting of the switching controller’s gain using a fuzzy tuner with one input and one output. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach achieving maximum power point. The fuzzy sliding mode (FSM) controller takes less time to track the maximum power point, reduced the oscillation around the operating point and also removed the chattering phenomena that could lead to decrease the efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
A Simple Control Strategy for Boost Converter Based Wind and Solar Hybrid Ene...IJRES Journal
This paper deals about the improvement of output from hybrid (Wind and PV) system through the maximum power point technique (MPPT). Though various power tracking techniques are available, Constant Voltage method is simple and effective way to track the maximum power. In this method output voltage is compared with the maximum voltage and based on the comparison gate signal is generated to the boost converter switch. Two boost converters are used individually for PV and Wind system. The whole system is modeled by using the Matlab/Simulink Model.
Maximum power point tracking of pv arrays under partial shading condition usi...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Reactive Power Compensation in Distribution Network with Slide Mode MPPT Cont...IJRST Journal
The Grid connected PV system requires a proper voltage control controller.
In this paper an efficient voltage control by using slide mode controller with
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is presented. The voltage
command is determined by the PV panel. Here the sliding mode controller is
designed so as to balance the power flow from PV panel to the grid and load
such that the PV power is utilized effectively. The design and simulation
using MATLAB is presented in this work.
Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for Photovoltaic SystemIJPEDS-IAES
In this study, a fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) based maximum power point tracking strategy has been applied for photovoltaic (PV) system. The key idea of the proposed technique is to combine the performances of the fuzzy logic and the sliding mode control in order to improve the generated power for a given set of climatic conditions. Different from traditional sliding mode control, the developed FSMC integrates two parts. The first part uses a fuzzy logic controller with two inputs and 25 rules as an equivalent controller while the second part is designed for an online adjusting of the switching controller’s gain using a fuzzy tuner with one input and one output. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach achieving maximum power point. The fuzzy sliding mode (FSM) controller takes less time to track the maximum power point, reduced the oscillation around the operating point and also removed the chattering phenomena that could lead to decrease the efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
A Simple Control Strategy for Boost Converter Based Wind and Solar Hybrid Ene...IJRES Journal
This paper deals about the improvement of output from hybrid (Wind and PV) system through the maximum power point technique (MPPT). Though various power tracking techniques are available, Constant Voltage method is simple and effective way to track the maximum power. In this method output voltage is compared with the maximum voltage and based on the comparison gate signal is generated to the boost converter switch. Two boost converters are used individually for PV and Wind system. The whole system is modeled by using the Matlab/Simulink Model.
Maximum power point tracking of pv arrays under partial shading condition usi...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Fuzzy based Modular Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel PV Inverter with Distributed...IJMTST Journal
The inverters are categorized according to the configuration of the PV system, the configuration of the conversion stages within the inverter and whether they use transformers. After the introduction of the state of the art of inverters for PV systems with and without transformers, the paper focuses on some known problems and challenges for transformer less inverters. Topologies without transformers have big advantages like low weight, volume and cost. In addition they often reach higher efficiencies than topologies with transformers. Eliminating the leakage current is one of the most important issues for transformer less inverters in grid-connected photovoltaic system applications, where the technical challenge is how to keep the system common-mode voltage constant to reduce the leakage current. To realize better utilization of PV modules and maximize the solar energy extraction, a distributed maximum power point tracking control scheme is applied to both single- and three-phase multilevel inverters, which allows independent control of each dc-link voltage. For three-phase grid-connected applications, PV mismatches may introduce unbalanced supplied power, leading to unbalanced grid current.
In a distributed generation system, divers renewable agents are connected to the low voltage 3 phase utility grid by an inverter which is used as power condition and must assurance the higher efficiency of the renewable agent. To achieve this level of efficiency, a unitary power factor between the utility grid voltages and the inverter currents is necessary, and a synchronization algorithm is required for the perfect synchronization between the 3-phase utility grid and the renewable agent. The aim of this paper is to present the optimization of the performance of a Synchronization controller for a 3-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system, assessing its accuracy under different conditions and studying their drawbacks and advantages. A grid connected photovoltaic system with a nominal power of 5 kW is used so as to assess the behavior of the synchronization algorithm when the 3 phase utility grid is affected by some disturbances such as voltage unbalances.
Measurement and Analysis of Power in Hybrid Systemijeei-iaes
Application with renewable energy sources such as solar cell array, wind turbines, or fuel cells have increased significantly during the past decade. To obtain the clean energy, we are using the hybrid solar-wind power generation. Consumers prefer quality power from suppliers. The quality of power can be measured by using parameters such as voltage sag, harmonic and power factor. To obtain quality power we have different topologies. In our paper we present a new possible topology which improves power quality. This paper presents modeling analysis and design of a pulse width modulation voltage source inverter (PWM-VSI) to be connected between sources, which supplies energy from a hybrid solar wind energy system to the ac grid. The objective of this paper is to show that, with an adequate control, the converter not only can transfer the dc from hybrid solar wind energy system, but also can improve the power factor and quality power of electrical system. Whenever a disturbance occurs on load side, this disturbance can be minimized using open loop and closed loop control systems.
Grid Interfaced 3-phase Solar Inverter with MPPT by using Boost ConverterIJMTST Journal
The paper proposes Grid interfaced 3-phase 750VA solar inverter with MPPT. In general the output of the
PV array is unregulated DC supply due to change in weather conditions. The maximum power is tracked with
respect to temperature and irradiance levels by using DC-DC converter. The perturbation and observation
algorithm is applied for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) purpose. This algorithm is selected due to its
ability to withstand against any parameter variation and having high efficiency. The output of Boost (DC-DC)
converter is converted to AC voltage by using inverter. The AC output voltage and frequency are regulated. A
closed loop voltage control for inverter is done by using sine wave pulse width modulation (SPWM). The
regulated AC voltage is fed to AC standalone loads or grid integration. The overall system is designed and
developed by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results demonstrate the effective working of MPPT
algorithm and voltage controller with SPWM technique for inverter in AC load applications.
Grid-Connected Pv-Fc Hybrid System Power Control Using Mppt And Boost ConverterIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a method for operating a grid connected hybrid system. This system composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered. As the variations occur in temperature and irradiation during power delivery to load, Photo voltaic (PV) system becomes uncontrollable. In coordination with PEMFC, the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Two operation modes are the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode, can be applied to the hybrid system. All MPPT methods follow the same goal that is maximizing the PV system output power by tracking the maximum power on every operating condition. Maximum power point tracking technique (Incremental conductance) for photovoltaic systems was introduced to maximize the produced energy. The coordination of two control modes, coordination of the PV array and the PEMFC in the hybrid system, and determination of reference parameters are presented. The proposed operating strategy systems with a flexible operation mode change always operate the PV array at maximum output power and the PEMFC in its high efficiency performance band. Also thus improving the performance of system operation, enhancing system stability, and reducing the number of operating mode changes.
Design of Hybrid Solar Wind Energy System in a Microgrid with MPPT Techniques IJECEIAES
DC Microgrid is one feasible and effective solution to integrate renewable energy sources as well as to supply electricity. This paper proposes a DC microgrid with enhanced Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques for wind and solar energy systems. In this paper, the PV system power generation is enhanced by introducing a two-model MPPT technique that combines incremental conductance and constant voltage MPPT algorithms. Also, for the Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) with pitch angle controlling technique, an Optimal Power Control MPPT technique is added. The Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation technique is introduced on grid side converter to improve the supply to the grid. The performance of proposed system is analyzed and the efficiency obtained with these methods is enhanced as compared with the previous methods.
power management strategies for a grid-connected PV-FC Hybrid systemAsoka Technologies
This paper presents a method to operate a grid connected hybrid system. The hybrid system composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered. The PV array normally uses a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to continuously deliver the highest power to the load when variations in irradiation and temperature occur, which make it become an uncontrollable source. In coordination with PEMFC, the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode, can be applied to the hybrid system. The coordination of two control modes, the coordination of the PV array and the PEMFC in the hybrid system, and the determination of reference parameters are presented. The proposed operating strategy with a flexible operation mode change always operates the PV array at maximum output power and the PEMFC in its high efficiency performance band, thus improving the performance of system operation, enhancing system stability, and decreasing the number of operating mode changes.
Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV Arrays using Different TechniquesIJERA Editor
The increasing demand for electricity and depleting fossil fuels made the solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems to be a better alternative for the future power requirements. The fact that the output of the PV system is dependent upon the solar irradiance and temperature demands a means to maximize the output of the PV system by continuously tracking the maximum power point(MPP) under changing atmospheric conditions. This paper presents the design and implementation of various techniques like perturb and observe (P&O) method, incremental conductance method, constant current method and constant voltage method. The performance of the techniques have been analyzed through simulation
Development of a Novel Robust Differential Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT...IJSRP Journal
The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems is increasingly growing in importance since they involve an exploitation of solar radiation constituting an energy source which is renewable, available in most places, and pollution-free. Despite their numerous advantages, PV systems have two major drawbacks: low energy conversion efficiency and loss of energy due to variations in meteorological conditions; for this reason, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control techniques play a key role in exploiting the maximum energy caught by PV modules. The output characteristic of a photovoltaic array is nonlinear and changes with solar irradiation and the cell’s temperature. Therefore, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is needed to draw peak power from the solar array to maximize the produced energy. In this study we have analyzed the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method and finding out a new and easier way to track maximum power point (MPP) and also our study is focused to overcome the drawbacks of MPPT. This research paper presents a novel MPP tracking method for tracking exact Maximum Power Point (MPP) if the irradiation or load changes.
This paper addresses the problem of controlling three-phase grid connected PV system involving a PV arrays, a voltage source inverter, a grid filter and an electric grid. This paper presents three main control objectives: i) ensuring the Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in the side of PV panels, ii) guaranteeing a power factor unit in the side of the grid, iii) and ensuring the asymptotic stability of the closed loop system. Interestingly, the present study features the achievement of the above energetic goal without resorting to sensors of currents of the grid. To this end, an output-feedback control strategy combining a state observer and a nonlinear control laws is developed. The proposed output-feedback control strategy is backed by a formal analysis showing that all control objectives are actually achieved.
Improvement of Wind farm with PMSG using STATCOMIJPEDS-IAES
This paper studies about the dynamic performance of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) for Wind farm integration. A whole dynamic model of wind energy conversion system (WECS) with PMSG and STATCOM are established in a MATLAB environment. With this model the dynamic behaviour of the generator and the overall system has been studied to determine the performance of them with and without STATCOM. Final results portrays that the WECS based PMSG with STATCOM improves the transient response of the wind farm when the system is in fault.
STATCOM Based Wind Energy System by using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic ControllerIJMTST Journal
The influence of the hybrid system in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, voltage deviation, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC). The STATCOM provides reactive power support to hybrid system and load. These voltage fluctuations can be eliminated with the help of advanced reactive power compensator device such as SVC and STATCOM. This work focus on design, modeling and analysis of FACTS device in wind farm interconnected with grid during fault. These devices can be controlled by Synchronous Reference Frame theory. The performance is analyzed with the help of PI controller and Fuzzy logic technique. by using Matlab/Simulink Model.
A Study of Shading Effect on Photovoltaic Modules with Proposed P&O Checking ...Yayah Zakaria
Sun irradiation levels and associated temperature changes are the main factors that influence the conversion of solar energy into electricity. Most energy is produced during a hot sunny day as the sun irradiation is at the maximum level and uniform throughout the solar photovoltaic (PV). However, most solar PV were frequently get shadowed, completely or partially, by the neighbouring buildings, trees and passing clouds. Consequently, the solar PV has lower voltage and current output, hence,
multiple maximum power points (MPP) are existed on the PV curve, which could cause confusion to the conventional Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) to track the true MPP for the PV system. Thus, it is important to examine the impacts of partial shading on the solar PV in order to extract the maximum possible power. This paper presents a MATLAB-based modelling for simulation and experimental setup to study the I-V and P-V characteristics of a solar module under a non-uniform irradiation due to partial shading condition (PSC). Furthermore, this study is also proposed an effective method (a variable step size of P&O with checking algorithm) that is low cost and higher tracking efficiency. Thus, this study is essential in improving and evaluating any new MPPT algorithm under the PSC.
Design of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverter with Maximum Power Point Tra...IAES-IJPEDS
There is no easy way to convert Photovoltaic (PV) energy with high
efficiency due to dynamic changes in solar irradiance and temperature. This
paper illustrates a control strategy to design and implementation of
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic system using
Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm. The PSIM simulation results confirm
proper functioning of the proposed MPPT sub-circuit to achieve a constant
48V DC output from fluctuating voltage of solar panel by varying duty cycle
of the MOSFET in the 24V-48V boost converter. The filtered output
waveform of the SPWM driven H-bridge inverter via the L-C low pass filter
is found to be a pure sine-wave of 48V peak which is then stepped-up 312V
peak (220V rms) by using a step up transformer. The frequency of output
voltage is found to be 50Hz with a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.001
which is much lower than the IEEE 519 standard.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Fuzzy based Modular Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel PV Inverter with Distributed...IJMTST Journal
The inverters are categorized according to the configuration of the PV system, the configuration of the conversion stages within the inverter and whether they use transformers. After the introduction of the state of the art of inverters for PV systems with and without transformers, the paper focuses on some known problems and challenges for transformer less inverters. Topologies without transformers have big advantages like low weight, volume and cost. In addition they often reach higher efficiencies than topologies with transformers. Eliminating the leakage current is one of the most important issues for transformer less inverters in grid-connected photovoltaic system applications, where the technical challenge is how to keep the system common-mode voltage constant to reduce the leakage current. To realize better utilization of PV modules and maximize the solar energy extraction, a distributed maximum power point tracking control scheme is applied to both single- and three-phase multilevel inverters, which allows independent control of each dc-link voltage. For three-phase grid-connected applications, PV mismatches may introduce unbalanced supplied power, leading to unbalanced grid current.
In a distributed generation system, divers renewable agents are connected to the low voltage 3 phase utility grid by an inverter which is used as power condition and must assurance the higher efficiency of the renewable agent. To achieve this level of efficiency, a unitary power factor between the utility grid voltages and the inverter currents is necessary, and a synchronization algorithm is required for the perfect synchronization between the 3-phase utility grid and the renewable agent. The aim of this paper is to present the optimization of the performance of a Synchronization controller for a 3-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system, assessing its accuracy under different conditions and studying their drawbacks and advantages. A grid connected photovoltaic system with a nominal power of 5 kW is used so as to assess the behavior of the synchronization algorithm when the 3 phase utility grid is affected by some disturbances such as voltage unbalances.
Measurement and Analysis of Power in Hybrid Systemijeei-iaes
Application with renewable energy sources such as solar cell array, wind turbines, or fuel cells have increased significantly during the past decade. To obtain the clean energy, we are using the hybrid solar-wind power generation. Consumers prefer quality power from suppliers. The quality of power can be measured by using parameters such as voltage sag, harmonic and power factor. To obtain quality power we have different topologies. In our paper we present a new possible topology which improves power quality. This paper presents modeling analysis and design of a pulse width modulation voltage source inverter (PWM-VSI) to be connected between sources, which supplies energy from a hybrid solar wind energy system to the ac grid. The objective of this paper is to show that, with an adequate control, the converter not only can transfer the dc from hybrid solar wind energy system, but also can improve the power factor and quality power of electrical system. Whenever a disturbance occurs on load side, this disturbance can be minimized using open loop and closed loop control systems.
Grid Interfaced 3-phase Solar Inverter with MPPT by using Boost ConverterIJMTST Journal
The paper proposes Grid interfaced 3-phase 750VA solar inverter with MPPT. In general the output of the
PV array is unregulated DC supply due to change in weather conditions. The maximum power is tracked with
respect to temperature and irradiance levels by using DC-DC converter. The perturbation and observation
algorithm is applied for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) purpose. This algorithm is selected due to its
ability to withstand against any parameter variation and having high efficiency. The output of Boost (DC-DC)
converter is converted to AC voltage by using inverter. The AC output voltage and frequency are regulated. A
closed loop voltage control for inverter is done by using sine wave pulse width modulation (SPWM). The
regulated AC voltage is fed to AC standalone loads or grid integration. The overall system is designed and
developed by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results demonstrate the effective working of MPPT
algorithm and voltage controller with SPWM technique for inverter in AC load applications.
Grid-Connected Pv-Fc Hybrid System Power Control Using Mppt And Boost ConverterIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a method for operating a grid connected hybrid system. This system composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered. As the variations occur in temperature and irradiation during power delivery to load, Photo voltaic (PV) system becomes uncontrollable. In coordination with PEMFC, the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Two operation modes are the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode, can be applied to the hybrid system. All MPPT methods follow the same goal that is maximizing the PV system output power by tracking the maximum power on every operating condition. Maximum power point tracking technique (Incremental conductance) for photovoltaic systems was introduced to maximize the produced energy. The coordination of two control modes, coordination of the PV array and the PEMFC in the hybrid system, and determination of reference parameters are presented. The proposed operating strategy systems with a flexible operation mode change always operate the PV array at maximum output power and the PEMFC in its high efficiency performance band. Also thus improving the performance of system operation, enhancing system stability, and reducing the number of operating mode changes.
Design of Hybrid Solar Wind Energy System in a Microgrid with MPPT Techniques IJECEIAES
DC Microgrid is one feasible and effective solution to integrate renewable energy sources as well as to supply electricity. This paper proposes a DC microgrid with enhanced Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques for wind and solar energy systems. In this paper, the PV system power generation is enhanced by introducing a two-model MPPT technique that combines incremental conductance and constant voltage MPPT algorithms. Also, for the Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) with pitch angle controlling technique, an Optimal Power Control MPPT technique is added. The Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation technique is introduced on grid side converter to improve the supply to the grid. The performance of proposed system is analyzed and the efficiency obtained with these methods is enhanced as compared with the previous methods.
power management strategies for a grid-connected PV-FC Hybrid systemAsoka Technologies
This paper presents a method to operate a grid connected hybrid system. The hybrid system composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered. The PV array normally uses a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to continuously deliver the highest power to the load when variations in irradiation and temperature occur, which make it become an uncontrollable source. In coordination with PEMFC, the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode, can be applied to the hybrid system. The coordination of two control modes, the coordination of the PV array and the PEMFC in the hybrid system, and the determination of reference parameters are presented. The proposed operating strategy with a flexible operation mode change always operates the PV array at maximum output power and the PEMFC in its high efficiency performance band, thus improving the performance of system operation, enhancing system stability, and decreasing the number of operating mode changes.
Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV Arrays using Different TechniquesIJERA Editor
The increasing demand for electricity and depleting fossil fuels made the solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems to be a better alternative for the future power requirements. The fact that the output of the PV system is dependent upon the solar irradiance and temperature demands a means to maximize the output of the PV system by continuously tracking the maximum power point(MPP) under changing atmospheric conditions. This paper presents the design and implementation of various techniques like perturb and observe (P&O) method, incremental conductance method, constant current method and constant voltage method. The performance of the techniques have been analyzed through simulation
Development of a Novel Robust Differential Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT...IJSRP Journal
The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems is increasingly growing in importance since they involve an exploitation of solar radiation constituting an energy source which is renewable, available in most places, and pollution-free. Despite their numerous advantages, PV systems have two major drawbacks: low energy conversion efficiency and loss of energy due to variations in meteorological conditions; for this reason, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control techniques play a key role in exploiting the maximum energy caught by PV modules. The output characteristic of a photovoltaic array is nonlinear and changes with solar irradiation and the cell’s temperature. Therefore, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is needed to draw peak power from the solar array to maximize the produced energy. In this study we have analyzed the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method and finding out a new and easier way to track maximum power point (MPP) and also our study is focused to overcome the drawbacks of MPPT. This research paper presents a novel MPP tracking method for tracking exact Maximum Power Point (MPP) if the irradiation or load changes.
This paper addresses the problem of controlling three-phase grid connected PV system involving a PV arrays, a voltage source inverter, a grid filter and an electric grid. This paper presents three main control objectives: i) ensuring the Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in the side of PV panels, ii) guaranteeing a power factor unit in the side of the grid, iii) and ensuring the asymptotic stability of the closed loop system. Interestingly, the present study features the achievement of the above energetic goal without resorting to sensors of currents of the grid. To this end, an output-feedback control strategy combining a state observer and a nonlinear control laws is developed. The proposed output-feedback control strategy is backed by a formal analysis showing that all control objectives are actually achieved.
Improvement of Wind farm with PMSG using STATCOMIJPEDS-IAES
This paper studies about the dynamic performance of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) for Wind farm integration. A whole dynamic model of wind energy conversion system (WECS) with PMSG and STATCOM are established in a MATLAB environment. With this model the dynamic behaviour of the generator and the overall system has been studied to determine the performance of them with and without STATCOM. Final results portrays that the WECS based PMSG with STATCOM improves the transient response of the wind farm when the system is in fault.
STATCOM Based Wind Energy System by using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic ControllerIJMTST Journal
The influence of the hybrid system in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, voltage deviation, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC). The STATCOM provides reactive power support to hybrid system and load. These voltage fluctuations can be eliminated with the help of advanced reactive power compensator device such as SVC and STATCOM. This work focus on design, modeling and analysis of FACTS device in wind farm interconnected with grid during fault. These devices can be controlled by Synchronous Reference Frame theory. The performance is analyzed with the help of PI controller and Fuzzy logic technique. by using Matlab/Simulink Model.
A Study of Shading Effect on Photovoltaic Modules with Proposed P&O Checking ...Yayah Zakaria
Sun irradiation levels and associated temperature changes are the main factors that influence the conversion of solar energy into electricity. Most energy is produced during a hot sunny day as the sun irradiation is at the maximum level and uniform throughout the solar photovoltaic (PV). However, most solar PV were frequently get shadowed, completely or partially, by the neighbouring buildings, trees and passing clouds. Consequently, the solar PV has lower voltage and current output, hence,
multiple maximum power points (MPP) are existed on the PV curve, which could cause confusion to the conventional Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) to track the true MPP for the PV system. Thus, it is important to examine the impacts of partial shading on the solar PV in order to extract the maximum possible power. This paper presents a MATLAB-based modelling for simulation and experimental setup to study the I-V and P-V characteristics of a solar module under a non-uniform irradiation due to partial shading condition (PSC). Furthermore, this study is also proposed an effective method (a variable step size of P&O with checking algorithm) that is low cost and higher tracking efficiency. Thus, this study is essential in improving and evaluating any new MPPT algorithm under the PSC.
Design of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverter with Maximum Power Point Tra...IAES-IJPEDS
There is no easy way to convert Photovoltaic (PV) energy with high
efficiency due to dynamic changes in solar irradiance and temperature. This
paper illustrates a control strategy to design and implementation of
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic system using
Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm. The PSIM simulation results confirm
proper functioning of the proposed MPPT sub-circuit to achieve a constant
48V DC output from fluctuating voltage of solar panel by varying duty cycle
of the MOSFET in the 24V-48V boost converter. The filtered output
waveform of the SPWM driven H-bridge inverter via the L-C low pass filter
is found to be a pure sine-wave of 48V peak which is then stepped-up 312V
peak (220V rms) by using a step up transformer. The frequency of output
voltage is found to be 50Hz with a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.001
which is much lower than the IEEE 519 standard.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
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The purpose of this article is to extract the maximum power point at which the photovoltaic system can operate optimally. The system considered is simulated under different irradiations (between 200 W/m2 and 1000 W/m2), it mainly includes the established models of solar PV and MPPT module, a DC/DC boost converter and a DC/AC converter. The most common MPPT techniques that will be studied are: "Perturbation and Observation" (P&O) method, "Incremental Conductance" (INC) method, and "Fuzzy Logic" (FL) control. Simulation results obtained using MATLAB/Simulink are analyzed and compared to evaluate the performance of each of the three techniques.
Simulation of Optimal Control Strategy for a Solar Photovoltaic Power Systemijtsrd
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increasing concerns of the impacts of the high penetration of Photovoltaic
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The electric power supplied by a photovoltaic power generation system depends on the solar radiation and temperature. Designing efficient PV systems heavily emphasizes to track the maximum power operating point.
This work develops a three-point weight comparison method that avoids the oscillation problem of the perturbation and observation algorithm which is often employed to track the maximum power point. Furthermore, a low cost control unit is developed, based on a single chip to adjust the output voltage of the solar cell array.
The power supplied by photovoltaic DC–DC converter is affected by two factors, sun irradiance and temperature. Therefore, to improve the performance of the PV system; a mechanism to track the maximum power point (MPP) is required. Conventional maximum power point tracking approaches, such as observation and perturbation technique present some difficulties in identifying the true MPP. Therefore, intelligent systems including fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) are introduced for the maximum power point tracking system (MPPT). In this paper, we present a comparative study of the PV standalone system which is controlled by three techniques. The first one is conventional based on the observation and perturbation technique, the other are intelligent based on fuzzy logic according Mamdani and Takagi-Sugeno models. The investigations show that the fuzzy logic controllers provide the best results and Takagi-Sugeno model presents the lower overshoot value.
Integrated energy management converter based on maximum power point tracking...IJECEIAES
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The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
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The energy produced using a photovoltaic (PV) is mainly dependent on weather factors such as temperature and solar radiation. Given the high cost and low yield of a PV system, it must operate at maximum power point (MPP), which varies according to changes in load and weather conditions. This contribution presents an improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers of a PV system in various climatic conditions. The first is a sliding mode MPPT that designed to be applied to a buck converter in order to achieve an optimal PV array output voltage. The second MPPT is based on the incremental conductance algorithm or Perturb-and-Observe algorithm. It provides the output reference PV voltage to the sliding mode controller acting on the duty cycle of the DC-DC converter. Simulation is carried out in SimPower toolbox of Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the sliding mode control MPPT under the parameter variation environments and shown that the controllers meet its objectives.
Modeling and Simulation of Fuzzy Logic based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MP...IJECEIAES
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Photovoltaic subpanel converter system With Mppt controltheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Enhancement of On-grid PV System under Irradiance and Temperature Variations ...IJECEIAES
Solar Energy is one of the key solutions to future electrical power generation. Photovoltaic Plants (PV) are fast growing to satisfy electrical power demand. Different maximum power point tracking techniques (MPPT) are used to maximize PV systems generated power. In this paper, on grid PV system model in MATLAB SIMULINK is tested under sudden irradiance and cell temperature variations. Incremental Conductance MPPT is used to maximize generated power from the PV system with the help of new adaptive controller to withstand these heavy disturbances. The new adaptive controller is tuned for optimal operation using two different optimization techniques (Invasive weed and Harmony search).Optimization results for the two techniques are compared. .A robustness test is made to check system stability to withstand different random irradiance and cell temperature patterns without failure to track the maximum power point. Finally, a brief comparison is made with a previous literature and the new adaptive controller gives better results.
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Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
1. G. Gangadhar Gupta, K. Mahesh / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1954-1958
1954 | P a g e
To Elevate the Grid Stability of PV System by Using Fuzzy MPPT
Control
G. Gangadhar Gupta1
, K.Mahesh2
1
(M.Tech Student, S.K.T.R.M College of Engineering, Kondair-509125, Mahabubnagar, Andhra Pradesh)
2
(EEE Department, S.K.T.R.M College of Engineering, Kondair-509125, Mahabubnagar, Andhra Pradesh)
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to
evaluate the stability of a grid for a Non-
Conventional energy generating system that is
photovoltaic power plant t h a t features a
maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme
based on fuzzy logic control. The step of modeling
with MATLAB/Simulink of the photovoltaic
system is shown respectively and simulation results
are discussed. This fuzzy MPPT shows accurate
and fast response, and is integrated in the inverter,
so that a DC-DC converter is not needed. The
inverter allows full control of reactive power and
shows the good response.
Keywords – Photovoltaic, Inverter, MPPT, Fuzzy
logic, Power electronics.
I. Introduction
Governments around the world are facing a
steadily rising demand on global electric power. To
face this challenge, they are striving to put in place
regulatory guidelines to aid the adoption of best
practices by utilities in terms of the Smart Grid and
renewable energy applications. Smart Grid
organization provides the consumers with the ability
to monitor and control energy consumption. This is
crucial because as the world population grows the
electricity demand will also increase, but at the same
time, we will need to reduce our electricity
consumption to fight global warming.
By using the Smart Grid, energy consumers
will have an incentive to create power on their own
with the use of wind turbines or solar paneling, and
subsequently sell any power that is generated in
excess to electrical companies. Several researches are
being made to improve the system and reduce its cost
and size. As a result, the photovoltaic (PV) system is
becoming much easier to install but the efficiency of
solar module is still low (about 27%). Furthermore, it
is desirable to operate the module at the peak power
point.
This thesis will discuss about the
photovoltaic system, the power electronics interface
and the method to track the maximum power point
(MPPT) of the solar panel. Before getting into detail,
in this will describe the PV market and its future, the
application of energy storage with photovoltaic
system and the different standard requirement when
having a grid connected PV system.
Photovoltaic systems are increasing in size as they
become more affordable and supporting schemes
start to include larger installations. In a near future,
photovoltaic systems of 100kW peak power or more
are going to be very common, and it is expected that
they will contribute with a significant share to power
generation. In such a scenario, the contribution to the
grid stability of PV systems is likely to become
relevant[2], as it has already happened with other
renewable energies like wind power in some
countries. In Spain, for instance, wind farm operators
are encouraged to contribute to system stability by
means of a remuneration for reactive power control.
The requirements for robust operation under grid
faults and perturbances have also increased. This
could be applied to PV systems once they reach a
certain amount of installed power in a given region.
Proper integration of medium or large PV systems in
the grid may therefore require additional
functionality from the inverter, such as reactive
power control. Furthermore, the increase of average
PV system size may lead to new strategies like
eliminating the DC-DC converter that is usually
placed between the PV array and the inverter, and
moving the MPPT to the inverter, resulting in
increased simplicity, overall efficiency and a cost
reduction. These two characteristics are present in the
three-phase inverter that is presented here, with the
addition of a fuzzy MPPT control that shows
excellent performance.
II. Proposed System Description
The system that has been simulated consists
of a photovoltaic array with a peak power of 100kW
connected through a DC bus to a three-phase inverter
that is connected to an ideal 400V grid through a
simple filter, as shown in Fig. 2. The MPP tracker is
integrated in the inverter control (Fig.3), as there is
no DC-DC converter in the chosen configuration.
The whole system was simulated in Matlab-Simulink.
A.PV Array Simulation
The PV array is simulated using a model of
moderated complexity based on [1]. In this model, a
PV cell is represented by a current source in parallel
with a diode, and a series resistance as shown in Fig.
1. There is no need for a more complex model with a
second diode and / or a shunt resistance. The photo
current I depends on the irradiance G and the cell
2. G. Gangadhar Gupta, K. Mahesh / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1954-1958
1955 | P a g e
temperature T . The current I provided by the cell can
be calculated as:
Where the saturation current I is temperature
dependent, e is the charge of an electron, k is
Boltzmann's gas constant and n is the idealising
factor of the diode. The module is an association of
solar cells in parallel and series. Extending the
previous cell model to a module, a similar equation
can be found. But it is more useful to express such an
equation in terms of the open circuit voltage V and
short circuit current I , as these can be estimated from
the open circuit voltage and short circuit current in
standard conditions that are usually provided by
module manufacturers, and their linear dependence
on Tcand G respectively.
Fig1: Equivalent circuit of PV Cell
Fig2: Proposed control scheme
Fig3: Proposed Electrical Scheme
The cell temperature T
c
is estimated
considering its linear dependence on G and the cell
temperature in normal operating conditions that is
provided by the module manufacturer. The final
model used to determine the relationship of a
module current and voltage is shown in equation
(2), where m designs module magnitudes.
The PV array is made of 20 strings of 35
series connected modules each, connected in
parallel. This gives a total peak power of around
100kW. All modules are considered to be identical,
and to work in identical conditions of temperature
and irradiance.
Fig4: Module power and current Vs voltage
B.Fuzzy MPPT
When a PV module is directly coupled to a
load, the PV module’s operating point will be at the
intersection of its I–V curve and the load line which
is the I-V relationship of load. In other words, the
impedance of load dictates the operating condition of
the PV module. In general, this operating point is
seldom at the PV module’s MPP, thus it is not
producing the maximum power. A study shows that a
direct-coupled system utilizes a mere 31% of the PV
capacity. A PV array is usually oversized to
compensate for a low power yield during winter
months. This mismatching between a PV module and
a load requires further over-sizing of the PV array
and thus increases the overall system cost. To
mitigate this problem, a maximum power point
tracker (MPPT) can be used to maintain the PV
module’s operating point at the MPP. MPPTs can
extract more than 97% of the PV power when
properly optimized.
For a given set of operating conditions G
and T our module model shows that the relationship
between voltage, current and power are functions
similar to the ones shown in Fig. 4. The voltage that
corresponds to the module maximum power varies
with temperature and irradiance variations, so a MPP
tracking system is needed to ensure that we stay as
close as possible to the optimum. Usual MPPT
methods include Perturb and Observe (P&O) [3],
incremental conductance [4], fuzzy logic [5] and
other [6,7] methods.
Fig5: Fuzzy MPPT diagram
3. G. Gangadhar Gupta, K. Mahesh / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1954-1958
1956 | P a g e
Fig 6: Fuzzy membership functions
Here a method based on a fuzzy controller is
presented that differs from current ones, as it has
been designed to be integrated in the inverter
instead of a DC-DC converter, and uses a reduced set
of membership functions (and therefore is simpler to
fine-tune) without compromising performance.
Fuzzy logic controllers are suitable for nonlinear
problems where the desired system behaviour in
terms of input and output variables can be expressed
as a set of semantic rules. They present a robust
performance and good response in noisy
environments. Usually the MPPT controls a DC-DC
converter to maintain a constant DC voltage at the
output of the generator. With an appropriate sizing of
the PV array the DC-DC converter can be avoided
due to the relatively small changes in the optimum
voltage in operating conditions. This will save one
stage in the system and therefore will increase
efficiency. In the usual configuration with a DC-DC
converter the MPPT system outputs a signal to
change the duty cycle of the converter. In this case,
the MPPT will output a DC voltage reference Uto the
inverter control.As inputs, the MPPT will need the
DC bus voltage U and the power delivered by the PV
array Ppv, which is obtained as the product of
Udcand the PV array current. The increment of these
variables ΔUdcand ΔPpvover a sample period are
computed, which are going to be the inputs of the
fuzzy logic controller. The output will be ΔUdc*
which is then integrated to obtain the desired
reference Udc*.A gain is applied to all variables in
order to fine tune the controller response. These gains
are separated in Fig. 5 in two groups: a first group
that brings variable levels to a module level (so that
the MPPT can be tuned for a single module, and
remain tuned for different PV array configurations)
and a second group that controls the MPPT dynamic
response. These inputs and output were chosen as it
is easy to express a set of semantic rules that lead to
maximum power point tracking. The shape of the P-
V curve (Fig. 4). makes suitable a hill-climbing
approach to search the maximum. The chosen rules
are shown in Table 1. Usually, a large number of
membership functions are defined, such as negative-
big, negative-medium,, negative-small, etc. This is
not necessary, and it introduces an additional
complexity to the controller tuning, as the boundaries
between seven or more membership functions have to
be defined, for each variable. In this case we have
chosen a set of three membership functions: negative
(NEG) positive (POS) and zero (ZERO). Their
shapes for all input and output variables are the same
as shown in Fig. 6. They are all normalised to [-1 1]
and [0 1] so the characteristics are controlled by the
input and output gains. This reduces tuning
complexity.
C.Inverter
The inverter control is based on a decoupled
control of the active and reactive power.The DC
voltage is set by a PI controller that compares the
actual DC bus voltage and the reference generated by
the MPPT, and provides a active current reference in
a synchronous reference frame attached at grid
voltage vector. The other component of current
vector represents the reactive current and it can be
fixed at the desired level for power factor or voltage
control. By applying the inverse Park transformation
to d-q current vector components, the desired phase
current references are obtained. These are passed to a
bang bang controller, which outputs the pulses to
drive the inverter switches. The output line voltage of
the inverter is shown in Fig. 7.
Fig 7: Inverter line voltages
As there is no DC/DC converter between the
PV generator and the inverter, the PV array
configuration has to be chosen so that the output
voltage of the PV generator suits the inverter's
requirements. In this case a 400V grid has been
chosen, so the inverter will need at least 600V in the
DC bus in order to be able to operate properly. The
lowest DC voltage will occur with high ambient
temperature and high irradiance (because the
irradiance increases the cell temperature, and this
effect predominates over the increase of optimal
voltage caused by an increment of the irradiance at a
constant cell temperature), so the minimum number
of series connected modules should be determined by
this worst case. As the PV array model estimates cell
temperature as a function of irradiance and ambient
temperature, for the worst case an ambient
temperature of 50ºC and an irradiance of
G=1000were chosen. The PV array was found to
require 35 series connected modules per string.The
optimal voltage for this configuration should stay
4. G. Gangadhar Gupta, K. Mahesh / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1954-1958
1957 | P a g e
around 700-800V most of the time, with some peaks
that could reach a minimum of 600V and a maximum
of 900V in very extreme situations. The only
drawback of such a voltage is a slight increase of the
inverter price as higher rated voltage of DC link
capacitors and switches are required.
III. Simulink Models
Fig 8: Fuzzy controller
Fig 9: Simulink block diagram of photovoltaic
system with MPPT controller
IV. Simulation Results
In Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 the system response to
an irradiance step is shown. In t=0.2s the irradiance is
changed from 150 to 1000 It can be seen that the
system tracks the new operating point very quickly,
faster than most MPPT strategies. It has to be said
that this is an extreme change in irradiation levels
that is unlikely to occur but shows the good
performance of the MPPT. 2 / W m
Fig 10: System response to an irradiance step t=0.2
The maximum power point is tracked with
excellent accuracy as can be seen in Fig. 9, where the
generated power is compared to the theoretical
optimum calculated from the PV array model.
Fig11: System response to an irradiance step t=0.2
sec
In Fig. 12 is shown the system response to a
step in the reactive current reference. Only one phase
is shown in order to clearly see the reference step.
Before t=0,35s voltage and current are in phase, until
the step command is applied and current leads
voltage afterwards. A great advantage of this inverter
control scheme is the ability to control power factor
instantaneously, and with good accuracy.
In Fig. 13 are represented the grid currents
and voltages at unity power factor, showing good
performance.
Fig. 12: Inverter response to a step in reactive power
reference in t=0.35s.
Fig. 13: Inverter behavior in operation at unity power
factor
5. G. Gangadhar Gupta, K. Mahesh / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1954-1958
1958 | P a g e
V. Conclusion
This system is for medium or large
photovoltaic applications are presented. It is not
require any DC/DC control scheme throughout the
process. And it mainly control the both active and
reactive powers simultaneously. as the optimum DC
voltage is set by the inverter itself by means of a
fuzzy MPPT. The simulation of the whole system has
been done in Matlab- Simulink and it shows an
excellent performance of both inverter and MPPT,
with negligible fluctuation of the DC bus voltage, fast
tracking of optimum operating point, and almost
instantaneous tracking of power factor reference.
References
[1] Anca D. Hansen, Poul Sørensen, Lars H.
Hansen and Henrik Bindner, “Models for a
Stand-Alone PV System”, Risø-R-1219(EN)
/ SEC-R-12, 2000
[2] Yun Tiam Tan, Daniel S. Kirschen,
Nicholas Jenkins, “A Model of PV
Generation Suitable for Stability Analysis”
in IEEE Transactions on Energy
Conversion, vol. 19, no. 4, December 2004
[3] H. Yongji and L. Deheng, “A new method
for optimal output of a solar cell array,” in
Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Industrial
Electronics, 1992, vol.1, pp. 456–459.
[4] C. R. Sullivan and M. J. Powers, “A high-
efficiency maximum power point tracker for
photovoltaic array in a solar-powered race
vehicle,” in Proc. IEEE PESC, 1993, pp.
BIOGRAPHIES
G.Gangadhar Gupta is born in
1988 in India. She is graduated
from JNTU Anantapur in 2010.
Presently she is doing Post
graduation in Electrical Power
Systems Specialization at
J.N.T.U.H, Hyderabad. Her main
areas of interest include Non-Conventional Energy
sources, Power systems, Power Electronics &
FACTS.
K.Mahesh.M.Tech, working as Associate
Professor in S.K.T.R.M College of
Engineering, Affiliated to JNTUH,
Approved by AICTE. New Delhi. He
completed his M.Tech in 2003 from
JNTU. He has nine years teaching experience in
Electrical Engineering. He has published three
Conferences in Electrical Engineering.